Routine Systematic Prostate Biopsies not Replaced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy

ABSTRACT Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging improves the performance of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics through a better selection of patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the detection rate (DR) of systematic and targeted cognitive biopsies in a cohort with the previous negative systematic biopsies. A secondary objective was to describe the value of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) in the detection of clinically significant PCa (CSPCa). Methods: We designed a prospective, single-center, and comparative study to determine the DR of systematic and targeted cognitive biopsies. The clinical and pathological characteristics of each patient were described. Results: A total of 111 patients with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System lesions > 3 were included in the study. PCa was detected in 41.4% (46 of 111 patients); 42 (91.3%) were detected by systematic biopsy and 30 (65.2%) by targeted biopsy. CSPCa was detected in 26 (23.4%), 23 (88.5%) by systematic biopsy, and 21 (76.9%) by targeted biopsy. PSAd > 0.15 was directly associated with CSPCa. Conclusion: The detection of PCa by systematic biopsy in this series was higher than 80%; hence, its routine use should not be replaced by targeted biopsy, since it continues to be the cornerstone of the diagnosis in patients with prior negative biopsies.

Magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion targeted biopsy on the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a research of 614 cases in single center / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study aims to compare the prostate cancer detection rate between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) cognitive fusion targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy. A total of 614 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy during 2016-2018 with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were included. All patients with a PI-RADS V2 score ≥ 3 accepted both targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy, and those with a PI-RADS V2 score ≤ 2 only accepted systematic biopsy. Overall prostate cancer detection rate between the two biopsies was compared. MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion targeted biopsy identified 342 cases (75.7%) of prostate cancer while systematic biopsy identified 358 cases (79.2%). There was no significant difference in the detection rate between the two groups ( = 1.621, = 0.203). Targeted biopsy had significant fewer biopsy cores compared with systematic biopsy, reducing (9.3 ± 0.11) cores ( < 0.001) in average. Targeted biopsy had about 10.8% ( < 0.001) more tumor tissues in positive cores compared with systematic biopsy. The results show that both MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy have good detection rate on prostate cancer. Cognitive targeted biopsy may reduce biopsy cores and provide more tumor tissues in positive cores.

Cefoxitin plus levofloxacin for prevention of severe infection after transrectal prostate biopsy / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To evaluate the effect of cefoxitin prophylactic in reducing the incidence of severe infection after transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This retrospective study included 155 cases of TRPB with a 5-day administration of oral levofloxacin at 200 mg bid (the control group) and another 167 cases with a 3-day administration of oral levofloxacin at the same dose plus intravenous cefoxitin at 2.0 g 2 hours before TRPB (the experimental group) according to the distribution characteristics of drug-resistance bacteria in our department. The patients of the control and experimental groups were aged (68.68 ± 8.12) and (68.72 ± 7.51) years, with PSA levels of (19.78 ± 21.57) and (21.15 ± 42.63) μg/L, involving (11.68 ± 1.44) and (11.77±1.02) biopsy cores, respectively. Comparisons were made between the two groups of patients in the incidence rate of severe infection, which was defined as lower urinary track symptoms plus the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) within 7 days after TRPB.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of postoperative severe infection was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control (0.6% ［1/167］ vs 5.8% ［9/155］, P < 0.05). Blood cultures revealed positive E-coli strains in 6 cases in the control group, including 5 ESBL-positive and 4 quinolone-resistant and amikacin-sensitive cases, all sensitive to cefoxitin, cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem. The only one case of severe infection was shown to be negative in blood culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative intravenous administration of cefoxitin according to the specific distribution characteristics of drug-resistance bacteria can significantly reduce the incidence of severe infection after TRPB.</p>

A Discussion on the TURP Opportunity After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To discuss the opportunity of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) after transrectal prostate biopsy.Methods We analyzed 60 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) who underwent TURP after transrectal prostate biopsy from September 2013 to September 2015.All the patients were divided into either group A or group B in chronological order, with 30 cases in each group.There were no significant differences in age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, hemoglobin level, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) between the two groups.The group A and group B were treated by TURP at 1 week and 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy, respectively.The parameters including operation time, excised prostate weight, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS at 3 months after operation were recorded.Results The operation time, intraoperative total blood loss, bladder irrigation time, and IPSS in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A [(58.3±6.0) min vs.(62.0±3.3) min, t=2.952, P=0.005;(154.1±15.8) ml vs.(167.4±29.5) ml, t=2.181, P=0.035;(19.2±0.8) h vs.(20.6±2.3) h, t=3.034, P=0.004;(18.3±2.5) points vs.(20.3±2.0) points, t=3.419, P=0.001].The excised prostate weight in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A [(37.1±4.0) g vs.(33.3±7.8) g, t=-2.341, P=0.024].Conclusions TURP performed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy can significantly increase the excised prostate weight, reduce intraoperative total blood loss volume, shorten the operation time and postoperative bladder irrigation time, and improve urinary symptoms.In brief, we recommend that TURP be executed at 4 weeks after transrectal prostate biopsy.

Ecografía y biopsia prostéticas en la detección del carcinoma prostético / Prostate ultrasound and biopsy in the detection of prostate carcinoma

Objetivo: Mostrar nuestra experiencia en ecografía prostática transrectal y biopsia prostática bajo guía ecográfica a lo largo de 10 años, a través de la realización de un análisis retrospectivo, con el fin de evaluar sus beneficios en la detección del adenocarcinoma, identificar la distribución de muestras positivas en la glándula y exponer la utilidad de la punción de imágenes nodulares. prostáticas transrectales seguidas de biopsias prostáticas bajo control ecográfico. En la muestra se incluyó a pacientes que se realizaron más de una biopsia. Los datos obtenidos de estos procedimientos permitieron identificar la presencia de tres grupos etarios de acuerdo a la incidencia de la patología, conocer la localización más frecuente del adenocarcinoma dentro de la próstata y evaluar la utilidad de la biopsia de los nódulos prostáticos en la detección del adenocarcinoma. Resultados: El análisis de la muestra arrojó un porcentaje de detección del adenocarcinoma del 16% en los menores de 50 años, del 36% en aquellos entre los 50 y 60 años, y del 48% en los mayores de 65 años. La base izquierda de la próstata fue la localización con el índice más alto de positividad (15%), seguido por la media izquierda (14%), la base derecha (14%), la media derecha (13%), el ápex izquierdo (12%), el medio lateral izquierdo (12%), el ápex derecho (11%) y el medio lateral derecho (10%). Doscientos noventa y nueve pacientes presentaron imágenes nodulares: 118 (Grupo A) tuvieron alguna muestra positiva y 181 presentaron resultados negativos (Grupo B). A su vez, el Grupo A se dividió en 3 subgrupos: el Subgrupo A, cuyo resultado positivo se registró en la muestra del nódulo, pero fue negativo en el resto de la glándula; Subgrupo B, cuyos resultados fueron positivos en el resto de la glándula y negativos en la muestra del nódulo; y Subgrupo C, cuyo resultado fue positivo tanto en las muestras de la glándula como en las del nódulo (combinación más frecuente de los tres subgrupos). Conclusión: La ecografía y la biopsia prostáticas bajo guía ecográfi ca juegan un rol importante en la evaluación de la próstata ante la sospecha de un adenocarcinoma. Según nuestra experiencia, la biopsia prostática bajo guía ecográfi ca es el método de mayor utilidad para la detección, especialmente en pacientes mayores de 65 años, y debería incluirse la muestra del nódulo (si la hubiese) en el esquema por octantes.

Purpose: To present our experience in prostatic transrectal ultrasound and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy over a ten-year period by a retrospective analysis in order to determine the detection rate of adenocarcinoma, identify the distribution of positive samples in the gland, and evaluate the usefulness of biopsy of nodules seen on imaging studies. Materials and methods: A total of 1163 ultrasound and ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsies were performed between March 2001 and November 2011. The population sample included patients who had more than one biopsy performed. Data obtained from these procedures enables us to identify three age groups according to the incidence of pathology, to determine the most frequent location of adenocarcinoma within the prostate, and to evaluate the usefulness of prostate nodules biopsy in the detection of adenocarcinoma. Results: The data analysis showed a 16% detection rate of adenocarcinoma in men under 50 years of age, 36% in patients between 50 and 65 years, and 48% in patients older than 65 years. The left base of the prostate had the highest detection rate (15%), followed by left medium (14%), right base (14%), right medium (13%), left apex (12%), left lateral medium (12%), right apex (11%) and right lateral medium (10%). Nodular images were found in 299 patients: 118 were positive for adenocarcinoma (Group A) and 181 were negative (Group B). Group A was divided into 3 subgroups: Subgroup A, with a positive result only in the nodule sample, and a negative result in the rest of the gland sample; Subgroup B, with a positive result in the gland samples but negative in the nodule sample; and Subgroup C, with results that were positive both in the gland and nodule samples. Conclusion: Ultrasound and ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy play an important role in the evaluation of the prostate when adenocarcinoma is suspected. Based on our experience, ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the most useful method for the detection of adenocarcinoma, especially in patients older than 65 years of age, and the nodule sample (if any) should be included in the eight-biopsy scheme.

Diagnostic Role of Prostate Resection in the Elderly Patients Who Experience Significant Co-Morbidity with a High Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer

The necessity of routine prostate biopsy prior to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in elderly comorbid patients with a high prostate specific antigen (PSA) level remains controversial. We assessed the role of TURP in prostate cancer diagnosis in these individuals. A total of 197 patients underwent TURP in conjunction with prostatic needle biopsy. Pathologic reviews of specimens of TUR chips and biopsy cores were analyzed. Overall, prostate cancer (CaP) was detected in 114 patients (57.6%). Ninety-eight cancers (86%) were detected with TURP and biopsy, and seven cancers (6.1%) with only TURP. The Gleason score of a TUR-specimen was identical to that of the biopsy-core in 43.9% of cases. Variables associated with diagnostic accuracy in the TUR-specimens included the prebiopsy PSA level, prostate specific antigen density (PSAD), and the Gleason score in biopsy cores. In patients with a PSA level and a PSAD that was greater than 15.4 ng/mL and 0.69 ng/mL/g, respectively, 100% of the cancers were detected in the TUR-specimens. Our results suggest that a prostatic biopsy might be omitted prior to TURP in elderly patients with significant co-morbidity and levels for PSA of >15.4 ng/mL.