Ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano. Nuestros resultados / Ligation of the intersphincteric fistulatract. Our results

Introducción: existen varias técnicas para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fístulas anales, con variables resultados. La técnica de ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano (LIFT) consiste en la disección del espacio entre ambos esfínteres para localizar el trayecto fistuloso y proceder a su ligadura y sección. Objetivo: evaluar nuestros resultados con la técnica de LIFT para del tratamiento de las fístulas anales transesfinterianas. Diseño: retrospectivo, observacional de corte transversal. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas tratados con LIFT desde enero de 2013 a diciembre 2020. El seguimiento postoperatorio se realizó hasta los 2 años. Resultados: se operaron 62 pacientes. El sexo predominante fue masculino. Hubo 47 pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y 15 con fístulas transesfinterianas altas. En todos se identificó el trayecto fistuloso realizándose ligadura de ambos cabos del trayecto interesfinteriano y se procedió a un curetaje del trayecto a través del orificio externo. Cinco pacientes (8%) presentaron dehiscencia de piel a nivel de la incisión del espacio interesfinteriano, manejado en forma conservadora. Este grupo tuvo una cicatrización mas retardada de 4 semanas. Ocurrió recidiva en 22 (35,5%) pacientes. Conclusión: La técnica de LIFT parece una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de las fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y altas ya que no altera la anatomía ni la continencia. (AU)

Introduction: there are various techniques for the surgical treatment of anal fistulas, with variable results. The ligation procedure of the intersphincteric fistulous tract (LIFT) consists of dissecting the space between both sphincters to locate the fistulous tract and proceed to its ligation and section. Objective: to evaluate our results with the LIFT procedure for the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistulas. Design: retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. Material and methods: all patients with transsphincteric fistulas treated with LIFT from January 2013 to December 2020 were included. Postoperative follow-up was carried out for up to 2 years. Results: sixty-two patients underwent surgery. The predominant sex was male. There were 47 patients with low transsphincteric fistulas and 15 with high transsphincteric fistulas. After identifying the fistulous tract in the intersphincteric groove, both ends were ligated and the tract was cut. Finally, curettage of the tract through the external orifice was performed. Five patients (8%) presented skin dehiscence at the level of the intersphincteric groove incision, managed conservatively. This group had a longer healing time of four weeks. Recurrence occurred in 22 (35.5%) patients. Conclusion: the LIFT procedure appears to be an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of low and high transsphincteric fistulas, since it does not alter the anatomy or continence. (AU)

Long-term efficacy of bioprosthetic anal fistula plug in the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the long-term healing rate of transsphincteric anal fistula treated with anal fistula plug procedure and the risk factors affecting the healing of anal fistula.@*Methods@#A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 207 patients with transsphincteric anal fistulas who received anal fistula plug procedure at the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2008 to September 2012. Inclusion criteria: (1) consistent with the diagnosis of transsphincteric anal fistula: the anal fistula passed through the internal and external sphincter; (2) complete data; (3) initial treatment with anal fistula plug procedure. Exclusion criteria: (1) acute rectal or perianal infection or poorly controlled focal infection; (2) recent incision and drainage of perianal abscess or spontaneous rupture of abscess; (3) patients with malignant tumor; (4) patients with Crohn′s disease or ulcerative colitis; (5) patients with heart, liver, brain, lung or renal insufficiency; (6) cachexia due to various chronic wasting diseases; (7) patients could not tolerate surgery. Patients were followed up for anal fistula healing. The cumulative healing rate of patients with transsphincteric anal fistula was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the factors affecting anal fistula healing were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#There were 186 males and 21 females with age of 15 to 69 (mean 38) years. The duration of anal fistula was 3-60 (mean 15) months. Three patients had a history of previous episodes of perianal abscess and underwent incision and drainage of perianal abscess (all more than 3 months). During follow-up ending on October 31, 2018, 72 patients (34.8%) were lost to follow-up. Among 135 patients who were successfully followed up, the average follow-up period was 96 (75-124) months. Seventy-five patients had anal fistula healing, with healing rate of 55.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the healing time of anal fistula was prolonged and finally stabilized at 55.6%. In the patients who failed initial treatment with anal fistula plug packing, there were 6 cases whose anal fistula healed spontaneously without other treatment. Among them, 3 cases healed spontaneously 2 years and 3 cases 3 years after operation without recurrence. From 2008 to 2012, the annual healing rates of anal fistula plug treatment were 3/6, 61.5% (24/39), 42.1% (24/57), 12/15 and 12/18, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of anal fistula≥6 months (OR=3.187, 95% CI: 1.361-7.466, P=0.008) was an independent risk factor for anal fistula healing after treatment with anal fistula plug.@*Conclusion@#The long-term efficacy of anal fistula plug procedure in the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula is positive, and this procedure should be implemented as soon as possible.

A Rare Case of Posterior Horseshoe Abscess Extending to Anterolateral Extraperitoneal Compartment: Anatomical and Technical Considerations

Perianal abscess and fistula are 2 distinct entities that share a common pathology. A horseshoe fistulous abscess, a complex type of these conditions, occurs when the suppurative inflammation spreads through the deep anal space to the bilateral ischiorectal fossae. Following the intersphincteric plane, this infection may extend to the pararectal space, forming a supralevator abscess. We present a very rare case involving a 52-year-old male patient who was admitted to our surgical department with an extraperitoneal purulent inflammation as a complication following multiple drainage procedures for a posterior horseshoe abscess. Emphasis is given to the anatomical and technical considerations of eradication of anorectal sepsis and the management of complex fistula-in-ano along with a concise review of the literature.

Clinical efficacy of modified ligation of the fistula tract in treatment of simple transsphincteric anal fistula / 临床外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of modified ligation of the fistula tract (LIFT)in the treatment of simple transsphincteric anal fistula.Methods 92 patients with a clinical diag-nosis of simple transsphincteric anal fistula were enrolled into the research.According to the random num-ber table patients divided into the modified group(46 cases)and the normal group(46 cases)randomly. Operation time,postoperative pain score,postoperative hospitalization time,healing time and healing rate in two groups were compared,Wexner anal incontinence scores and anorectal manometry 3 months after operation were analyzed to evaluated anal function.Results All patients were followed up for 3 ~26 months,average(8.73 ± 7.15)months.Comparing with operation time,hospitalization time,postoperative pain score 24 h after operation,hospital stay had no significantly different between the two groups(all P>0.05).The healing time had significantly different between the modified group[(10.14 ± 2.57)d]with the normal group[(23.87 ± 4.68)d](P<0.05);The healing rate in modified group was(91.2%)sig-nificantly higher thanin normal group(71.7%)(P<0.05).By the Wexner anal incontinence scores and anorectal manometry 3 months after operation were not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusion Modified LIFT is a safe technique with a high healing rate and a shorter healing time,in the treatment of simple transsphincteric anal fistula,modified LIFT procedures should be considered.

Anatomical characteristics of anal fistula evaluated by three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography: is there a correlation with Goodsall's theory? / Características anatômicas da fístula anal avaliadas por Ultrassonografia Anorretal Tridimensional: Há correlação com a teoria de Goodsall?

Purpose: We aimed to correlate the course of the anal fistula tract (T), location of the external opening (EO) and internal opening (IO) in anterior (A) and posterior (P) circumference using 3D-US according to Goodsall's rule. Methods: 151 patients with primary ptoglandular Transsphincteric fistulas were examined with 3D-US and compared with surgical finding. The type of the T (straight or curved), EO and IO were identified and divided into 3 Groups: GI: EO and IO are located in a position; GII: EO and IO are located in P position and GIII: OE and OI are located in the opposite position. The findings were correlated with Goodsall's rule. Results: 74/151(49%) were included in GI, of them, 41 (55%) were male (33/44% had straight tract and 8/11% curved) and 33 (45%) female (15/20%-straight and 18/25%-curved). GII included 68 (45%), of them, 50 (74%) were male (39/57%-straight and 11/15%-curved) and 18 (26%) female (14/20%-straight and 04/8%-curved). GIII = 9 (6%) and all of them had curved tract. The overall concordance between 3D-US and surgical finding was 98% for tract and 96% for IO. Conclusion: The 3D-US findings correlate with the Goodsall's rule in transsphincteric fistulas located in the anterior circumference straight type, in male, while in females the distribution of curved and straight paths is similar. In the posterior circumference no correlation was observed in both the sexes. .

Objetivo: Correlacionar o trajeto (T) da fístula anal, localização do orifício externo (OE) e orifício interno (OI) na hemicircunferência anterior (HCA) e posterior (HCP), utilizando 3D-US, com a lei de Goodsall. Método: 151 pacientes com fístulas transesfinctéricas criptoglangulares foram examinados com US-3D correlacionando com os achados cirúrgicos. Identificou-se o tipo de T (retilíneo ou curvo), OE e OI e distribuiu-se os pacientes em 3 grupos: GI:OE e OI localizados em HCA; GII:OE e OI localizados em HCP e GIII:OE e OI em posiç ões opostas. Os achados foram correlacionados com a lei de Goodsall. Resultados: 74/151(49%) incluídos no GI, destes, 41(55%) homens(33/44% com trajeto retilíneo e 8/11% curvo) e 33(45%) mulheres(15/20%-retilíneo e 18/25%-curvo). No GII incluídos 68(45%), destes, 50(74%) homens(39/57%-retilíneo e 11/15%-curvo) e 18(26%) mulheres(14/20%-retilíneo e 04/8%-curvo). GIII = 9(6%) todos os trajetos curvos. A concordância entre o US-3D e os achados cirúrgicos foi de 98% para trajetos e 96% para o OI. Conclusão: Os achados ultrassonográficos permitiram correlacionar fístulas transesfinctéricas com trajetos retilíneos localizadas na hemicircunferência anterior, em homens, enquanto em mulheres a distribuição dos trajetos em curvo e retilíneo foram similares. Na hemicircunferência posterior não houve correlação em ambos os sexos. .

Ligadura interesfinteriana del trayecto fistuloso (lift). Nuestros resultados / Intersphincteric ligation fistula tract (lift). Our results

Introducción: Las fístulas anales se pueden tratar de varias maneras. Cada procedimiento es diferente, al igual que cada caso también es diferente, por lo que los posibles resultados pueden variar. El procedimiento LIFT comienza con una pequeña incisión en el surco interesfinteriano, donde el trayecto de la fístula anal atraviesa desde el esfínter interno al externo. Se abre el espacio, se diseca el mismo y se procede a la ligadura mediante una sutura, en este procedimiento se conserva el esfínter. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados preliminares de la técnica de LIFT para el tratamiento de fístulas anales. Diseño: Prospectivo, observacional de corte longitudinal. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo desde enero de 2013 a marzo de 2015. Se incluyeron pacientes con fistulas transesfinterianas. Se realizó el seguimiento de los pacientes por consultorio hasta 2 años del postoperatorio. Resultados: Se operaron en este periodo un total de 20 pacientes. El sexo predominante fue masculino. Diez pacientes con fistulas transesfinterianas bajas y diez altas. En todos se identificó el trayecto fistuloso realizándose ligadura doble del trayecto interesfinteriano y curetaje del orificio secundario. Un paciente presentó la dehiscencia de los puntos en piel a nivel del espacio interesfinteriano que se manejo en forma conservadora y dos recidivas en este periodo de tiempo. Discusión: El éxito del procedimiento de LIFT según sus resultados de Rojansakul se encuentra entre el 80% y el nuestro esde 90%, una diferencia no significativa. La cicatrización de la herida se produjo en un tiempo menor del trabajo publicado por Shanwani et al. Conclusión: La técnica de LIFT parece una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de las fístulas complejas pero aun falta más estudios y números de casos para certificar nuestros resultados.

Introduction: Anal fistulas can be treated in several ways. Each procedure is different, as each case is different, so the possible results may vary. The LIFT procedure begins with a small incision in the intersphincteric groove, where the path crosses the anal fistula from the internal to the external sphincter. The space opens, it dries and proceeds to ligation by a suture, in this method the sphincter is preserved. Objective: To evaluate the preliminary results of the LIFT technique for the treatment of anal fistulas. Design: Prospective, observational slitting. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2013 to March 2015. Patients with transsphincteric fistulas. Follow-up of patients was performed by office until two years after surgery. Results: A total of 20 patients were operated in this period. The majority of patients were male. Ten patients with fistulas transsphincteric low-ten high. In all the fistulous tract was identified performed double bond of intersphincteric path and curettage of the secondary orifice. One patient had dehiscence of skin at points in space which the management intersphincteric conservatively two recurrences and in this period. Discussion: The success of the procedure according to their results LIFT Rojansakul is between 80% and ours is 90%, a nonsignificant difference. The wound healing occurred in less time from work published by Shanwani et al. Conclusion: The LIFT technique seems an effective and safe for the treatment of complex fistulas alternative but still need more studies and case numbers to certify our results.

Feasibility of York-Mason Operation for Selective Advanced Rectal Cancer

PURPOSE: The York-Mason operation has been used as local therapy for benign rectal tumors not easily excised with a conventional transanal excision and for T1 rectal cancers having a low risk of lymph-node metastasis. This study evaluated whether a York-Mason operation could be an alternative therapy for selected patients with T2 or T3 rectal cancers. METHODS: From February 2004 to March 2008, 11 patients with T2 or T3 rectal cancer, who refused rectal excision due to fear of abdominal surgery itself and perioperative side effects or unwillingness to have a permanent stoma, underwent a York-Mason operation. The data on the patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The distance from the anal verge to the tumor was 5 cm (median, 2-8 cm), and the tumor size was 3 cm (median, 1.5-4 cm). Histological examination revealed a pathological tumor (pT) stage 2 in eight patients, stage pT3 in one patient, and stage pTx in two patients. The distance from the resection margin to the tumor was 0.3 cm (median, 0.1-0.5 cm). Six patients (55%) had incomplete tumor excision. Radiotherapy was performed in one patient preoperatively and in eight postoperatively. Postoperative morbidity occurred in four patients (36%). During a median of 38.2 months, two patients (18%) developed local recurrence and liver metastasis. Postoperative mortality, which was not related to the procedure, occurred in one patient (9%). CONCLUSION: The York-Mason operation could be considered as an alternative therapy for selected T2 or T3 rectal cancer patients who refuse rectal excision.

New Operative Method for Transsphincteric Fistula

PURPOSE: The complications after surgery for trans sphincteric anal fistula are anal incontinence due to cutting of the external anal sphincter muscle and recurrent anal fistula. Several methods have been developed to alleviate this condition, but they still have many complications. We performed surgery for transsphincteric anal fistula by a new method with excellent results and therefore report this new method as another treatment modality for transsphincteric anal fistula. METHODS: We performed surgery for transsphincteric anal fistula on 12 patients at Hanyang University Kuri Hospital between March 1999 and December 2001. RESULTS: There were no recurrences in any of the 12 patients, all of whom kept continence after surgery. Our operative method involve coring out and fistulectomy, laying open, closure of the defected external sphincter muscle and partial closure of the skin of the external opening. CONCLUSION: Our simple and modified method for transsphincteric anal fistula showed excellent results, especially in terms of the rate of recurrence and fecal incontinence. We therefore recommended this easy and simple method for surgery for transsphincteric anal fistula.

Evaluation of the anterior transsphincteric removal of rectal villous adenoma / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the value and safety of the anterior transsphincteric operation for treating rectal villous adenoma.Methods The clinical data of 17 cases with rectal villous adenoma,including 6 cases with malignant change,operated by anterior transsphincteric approach at Changzheng hospital,from February 2000 to August 2006,were analyzed retrospectively.The distance between the anal verge and the lower margin of the tumor was 5～ 8 cm(average 7 cm).The tumors were 2～ 5 cm in diamater.Results The rectal villous adenoma was completely removed with negative resection margins in all the 17 patients.Fecal continence,urinary function and sexual function were preserved successfully in all the patients.No postoperative complications developed.The postoperative pathological stage of rectal villous adenoma with malignant change was pTisN0M0 in 3 cases,pT1N0M0 in 2,and pT2N0M0 in 1.At a median follow-up of 46 months,no patients had recurrence.Conclusions Anterior transsphincteric approach is useful and safe for operation of rectal villous adenomas and those with early mmalignant change.It is particularly valuable for large midrectal villous adenoma.