ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish quality control parameters of a locally occurring medicinal plant, Malva parviflora which is utilized as folk medicine in Sialkot area in Pakistan. Methods:In pharmacognostic studies different types of evaluations were carried out that focus on microscopic, macroscopic, fluorescence analysis and organoleptic evaluations. Results:The distinguishing characters of stem were the presence of parenchyma, cork cells, irregular shape calcium oxalate crystals, simple and compound starch granules and fusiform fibers with pits. Root microscopic characters were presence of simple and spherical starch granules with rounded or slit hilum, groups of lignified xylem fibers, reticulate vessels, and sieve tissues. Leaves microscopy indicated the presence of paracytic stomata, lignified fibers having pits, spiral and annular vessels, numerous sclereids while in fruit microscopy epicarp, thin walled cells endocarp, thin walled parenchyma and collenchyma of mesocarp and abundant thick walled endospermic cells containing aleurone grains and micro rosette crystals. Macroscopic study of leaves showed, 5-7 lobed reniform-shape, glabrous-surface, reticulate-venation in the leaves. Macroscopic features of roots showed type of root-taproot, surface-glabrous and stem was 1-10 dm tall simple to branched and may be prostrate or ascending. Similarly fruit was of schizocarp type. Conclusions: This study provides the scientific data for the proper identification and establishment of standards for the use of Malva parviflora.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish quality control parameters of a locally occurring medicinal plant, Malva parviflora which is utilized as folk medicine in Sialkot area in Pakistan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In pharmacognostic studies different types of evaluations were carried out that focus on microscopic, macroscopic, fluorescence analysis and organoleptic evaluations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distinguishing characters of stem were the presence of parenchyma, cork cells, irregular shape calcium oxalate crystals, simple and compound starch granules and fusiform fibers with pits. Root microscopic characters were presence of simple and spherical starch granules with rounded or slit hilum, groups of lignified xylem fibers, reticulate vessels, and sieve tissues. Leaves microscopy indicated the presence of paracytic stomata, lignified fibers having pits, spiral and annular vessels, numerous sclereids while in fruit microscopy epicarp, thin walled cells endocarp, thin walled parenchyma and collenchyma of mesocarp and abundant thick walled endospermic cells containing aleurone grains and micro rosette crystals. Macroscopic study of leaves showed, 5-7 lobed reniform-shape, glabrous-surface, reticulate-venation in the leaves. Macroscopic features of roots showed type of root-taproot, surface-glabrous and stem was 1-10 dm tall simple to branched and may be prostrate or ascending. Similarly fruit was of schizocarp type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study provides the scientific data for the proper identification and establishment of standards for the use of Malva parviflora.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish quality control parameters of a locally occurring medicinal plant, Malva parviflora which is utilized as folk medicine in Sialkot area in Pakistan. Methods: In pharmacognostic studies different types of evaluations were carried out that focus on microscopic, macroscopic, fluorescence analysis and organoleptic evaluations. Results: The distinguishing characters of stem were the presence of parenchyma, cork cells, irregular shape calcium oxalate crystals, simple and compound starch granules and fusiform fibers with pits. Root microscopic characters were presence of simple and spherical starch granules with rounded or slit hilum, groups of lignified xylem fibers, reticulate vessels, and sieve tissues. Leaves microscopy indicated the presence of paracytic stomata, lignified fibers having pits, spiral and annular vessels, numerous sclereids while in fruit microscopy epicarp, thin walled cells endocarp, thin walled parenchyma and collenchyma of mesocarp and abundant thick walled endospermic cells containing aleurone grains and micro rosette crystals. Macroscopic study of leaves showed, 5-7 lobed reniform-shape, glabrous-surface, reticulate-venation in the leaves. Macroscopic features of roots showed type of root-taproot, surface-glabrous and stem was 1-10 dm tall simple to branched and may be prostrate or ascending. Similarly fruit was of schizocarp type. Conclusions: This study provides the scientific data for the proper identification and establishment of standards for the use of Malva parviflora.
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Objective: To comparatively study the use of scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy of the transverse sections of the 7-10 somite staged chick embryos as model for the study of development of human embryo. Methods: Conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy had been applied as tools for the study of the chick embryos. Results: The results showed that scanning electron micrographs gave the clearer different views of chick embryo transverse sections as compared with the conventional light microscopy. Conclusion: From this study it was clearly shown that the three dimensional images obtained from scanning electron microscope could give comprehensive view of chick embryo specimens. Hence this should be the good alternative way for Embryology study.
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed at establishing pharmacognostical profile for the tubers of plant Momordica tuberosa Cogn., Cucurbitaceae. Morphoanatomy of tubers of this plant were studied in order to establish its complete profile to aid in its identification and avoid confusion in its taxanomic species. These were established using light microscopy, WHO recommended physicochemical and phytochemical procedures. The parameters presented here may be used to establish the authenticity of tubers of this plant as this part has been used traditionally in India and also to differentiate between closely related Momordica species.
Este trababalho teve como objetivo estabelecer um perfil farmacognóstico dos tuvérculos da planta Momordica tuberosa Cogn., Cucurbitaceae. A morfoanatomia dos tubérculos da espécie foi realizada para estabelecer um perfil completo que possa ajudar na identificação e evitar problemas na sua taxonomia. Os ensaios foram realizados usando microscópio ótico, procedimentos fisico-químicos e fitoquímicos estabelecidos pela OMS. Os parâmetros apresentados podem ser usados para apresetar a autenticidade dos tubérculos desta espécie, uma vez que esta parte da droga é utilizada tradicionalmente na Índia e, também, para diferenciá-la de outras espécies de Momordica.
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OBJECTIVE To find out about the transverse section use rate of antimicrobials in our hospital. METHODS A transverse section survey was made from midnight on June 24,2004 to midnight on June 25,2004 within all the inpatients. RESULTS Among 1132 inpatients,the transverse section use rate of antimicrobials was 58.83%,the combined medication ratio being 34.08%.Of all antimicrobial takers 65.92% were given single drug,31.68% double,and 2.40% were given triple.Among all departments of the hospital,the universal ICU had the highest use rate which was 100.00%,next to which were those in the departments of nephrology and gynecology,being respectively 90.00% and 87.23%.The antimicrobial use rate in surgical department(69.68%) was remarkably higher than that in medical department(43.08%).The departments of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology had the highest prophylactic use rate which was 83.64%.Rate of etiological examination for therapeutic medication in the whole hospital was 35.97%. CONCLUSIONS The transverse section use rate of antimicrobial in our hospital is slightly higher than the national average use rate.The constituent ratio of prophylactic medication is on the high side and the rate of etiological examination for therapeutic medication is on the low side.Management should be further strengthened for rational use of antimicrobials.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pressure alopecia(PA), also referred to as postoperative pressure-induced alopecia, is seen most often after prolonged pressure on the scalp during general anesthesia, with the head fixed in one position. It may also occur in chronically ill persons after prolonged bed rest in one position, which causes persistent pressure on one part of the scalp. It probably arises due to pressure-induced ischemia. Although a few clinical studies of PA have been reported, extensive histopathological study of transverse section has not been performed. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and histopathological characteristics of transverse section in PA in order to find differential points from other alopecic diseases. METHODS: Enrolled in this study was a total of 12 patients confirmed as PA at the Chungbuk National University Hospital from 1991 to 2001. The hospital charts and transverse sections of histopathological slides were reviewed. RESULTS: 1. The male and female ratio was 3:1. The mean age of the patients was 37.7 years. The mean ages of male and female patients were 34.7 and 46.7 years, respectively. 2. Most commonly involved sites were the parietooccipital area(8 cases). Temporoparietal area(4 cases) was followed. Signs and symptoms including pain, tenderness, erythema, swelling or numbness were present in seven cases. Five cases presented no signs or symptoms. The clinical appearance of alopecic patches varied mimicking alopecia areata or trichotillomania very closely. The mean operation time was 6.8 hours(from 2 to 11) and the mean postoperation onset time was 14.7 days(from 9 to 25). The hair regrowth was apparent 14.3 weeks in average(from 10 to 24) after operation. All cases were recovered within 6 months without any treatment. 3. Histopathological examination showed nearly all catagen stage of hair follicles, incontinent melanin pigment(12 cases), a perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate(3 cases including follicular infundibulum level in 2 cases and inferior segment level in 1 case), fat necrosis and a foamy macrophage infiltrate(5 cases), and vascular thrombosis(2 cases). CONCLUSION: The clinical appearance of PA varied mimicking alopecia areata or trichotillomania very closely. Histopathological findings could be similar to those of alopecia areata, but PA could be differentiated from alopecia areata by nearly all hair follicles in catagen stages, fat necrosis and a foamy macrophage infiltrate, vascular thrombosis, and the absence of a peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate. The dermatologist should be aware of these characteristic findings of PA to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary additional treatments.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alopecia Areata , Alopecia , Anesthesia, General , Bed Rest , Chronic Disease , Diagnostic Errors , Erythema , Fat Necrosis , Hair , Hair Follicle , Head , Hypesthesia , Ischemia , Macrophages , Melanins , Scalp , Thrombosis , TrichotillomaniaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Conventional vertical sections of scalp biopsy specimens are often inadequate for the diagnosis of alopecia. Alternatively, a better approach can often be provided with the use of transverse sections continues, which is readily available and continues to grow in popularity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathologic findings of transverse and vertical sections of scalp biopsy specimens in various types of alopecia. METHODS:A total of 27 scalp biopsy specimens obtained during the past 16 months for the evaluation of alopecia was processed for either transverse or vertical section, or for both. With these sections a quantitative morphologic study was done by counting a variety of follicular structures, and any specific histopathologic changes were recorded. RESULTS: Diagnostic features that were better seen in vertical sections included quantitative morphologic changes of a variety of follicular structures such as total number of follicles, catagen and telogen hairs, vellus hairs and follicular stele, as were anagen-telogen ratios and terminal-vellus ratios. Other histopathologic findings that were better demonstrated in transverse sections included peribulbar inflammatory infiltrate for alopecia areata, miniaturization for androgenetic alopecia, trichomalacia and pigment cast for trichotillomania, and fat atrophy for pressure alopecia. In some cases, especially for scarring alopecia, vertical sections also allowed for useful adjunctive diagnostic information such as follicular destruction, dermal fibrosis and sclerosis, and interface change. CONCLUSION: Transverse sections of scalp biopsy specimens provided many useful information in histopathologic diagnosis of alopecia. But, in some cases of scarring alopecia, vertical sections provided more diagnostic findings. To overcome the diagnostic limitation of transverse sections, therefore, observing both transverse and vertical sections at a time could be an alternative way of enhancing diagnostic yield of alopecia.
Subject(s)
Alopecia Areata , Alopecia , Atrophy , Biopsy , Cicatrix , Diagnosis , Fibrosis , Hair , Miniaturization , Scalp , Sclerosis , TrichotillomaniaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Conventional vertical sections of scalp biopsy specimens are often inadequate for the diagnosis of alopecia. Alternatively, a better approach can often be provided with the use of transverse sections continues, which is readily available and continues to grow in popularity. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathologic findings of transverse and vertical sections of scalp biopsy specimens in various types of alopecia. METHODS:A total of 27 scalp biopsy specimens obtained during the past 16 months for the evaluation of alopecia was processed for either transverse or vertical section, or for both. With these sections a quantitative morphologic study was done by counting a variety of follicular structures, and any specific histopathologic changes were recorded. RESULTS: Diagnostic features that were better seen in vertical sections included quantitative morphologic changes of a variety of follicular structures such as total number of follicles, catagen and telogen hairs, vellus hairs and follicular stele, as were anagen-telogen ratios and terminal-vellus ratios. Other histopathologic findings that were better demonstrated in transverse sections included peribulbar inflammatory infiltrate for alopecia areata, miniaturization for androgenetic alopecia, trichomalacia and pigment cast for trichotillomania, and fat atrophy for pressure alopecia. In some cases, especially for scarring alopecia, vertical sections also allowed for useful adjunctive diagnostic information such as follicular destruction, dermal fibrosis and sclerosis, and interface change. CONCLUSION: Transverse sections of scalp biopsy specimens provided many useful information in histopathologic diagnosis of alopecia. But, in some cases of scarring alopecia, vertical sections provided more diagnostic findings. To overcome the diagnostic limitation of transverse sections, therefore, observing both transverse and vertical sections at a time could be an alternative way of enhancing diagnostic yield of alopecia.