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Objective: To identify the type and mechanism of trauma-based on patients’ characteristics at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort observational study using the Trauma Registry of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study period was from January 2015 to December 2018. The data gathered were demographic information, mortality, type and mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Triage Revised Trauma Scale (T-RTS). Categorical data are described with percentage and frequency, and numerical data with mean and standard deviation. A Chi-square was used to assess the relationship between the type of trauma and patient characteristics. A Fisher exact test was used to compare the type of injury with the other variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 4083 participants. The majority were male (79.9%, n=3263). Blunt trauma was the most prevalent type of injury (87.4%, n=3570, p<0.001). A motor vehicle accident was the most prevalent mechanism of injury (42.1%, n=1717). The highest proportion of trauma per age group was in the 21-30 year age group (32.6%, n=1331). The lowest GCS and RTS mean scores were observed in blunt trauma (p<0.001 and 0.001 respectively). In addition, the highest ISS mean score was observed in the blunt trauma subgroup (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the type and mechanism of trauma at KAMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, based on gender, age groups, types of trauma and mechanisms of injury. This data will be a valuable resource for the local healthcare system.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el trauma ocular constituye una causa importante de morbilidad visual en todo el mundo. Se estima que 55 millones de traumas oculares ocurren cada año a pesar de ser prevenibles en la mayoría de los casos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfi l clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con trauma ocular, en diferentes ciudades de Colombia, entre junio de 2013 y enero de 2018. Diseño del estudio: observacional descriptivo, estudio transversal. Método: es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, cuya población objetivo fueron pacientes con trauma ocular, atendidos en diferentes centros y hospitales en Colombia, por los servicios de retina entre junio de 2013 y enero de 2018. Se diseñó un formulario de preguntas por medio de Google forms y se analizaron diferentes variables, apoyándonos en el Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Los datos fueron llenados principalmente por retinólogos. Resultados: se recolectaron datos de 619 pacientes entre junio 2013 y enero 2018, el rango de edad fue entre 16-30 años, en su mayoría hombres. La ciudad en donde se registraron la mayoría de los pacientes fue Cali. El compromiso de la agudeza visual (AV) fue severo en la mayoría de los casos (MM-PL) y el mecanismo más común fue el accidente laboral. La lesión más registrada fue la contusión ocular. La mayoría de los pacientes no usaba protección al momento del trauma. Conclusión: el trauma ocular se presentó más comúnmente en hombres, jóvenes en accidentes de tipo laboral. Presentaron compromiso severo de la AV, predominando la visión de MM a PL. Es el primer reporte de un estudio de sus características en Colombia, dando recomendaciones específicas al ministerio de salud y estimulando al registro de más datos a nivel nacional para lograr prevenir las causas más importantes de trauma.
Background: eye trauma is an important cause of visual morbidity worldwide. An estimated 55 million eye traumas occur each year despite being preventable in most cases. 3% of these lead to blindness. Objective: to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profi le of patients with ocular trauma, in diff erent cities of Colombia, between June 2013 and January 2018. Study design: cross-sectional. Method: it is an observational, descriptive study, whose target population was patients with ocular trauma, attended in different centers and hospitals in Colombia, for retina services between June 2013 and January 2018. A question form was designed using Google forms and diff erent variables were analyzed, based on the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. The data was filled mainly by retinologists, who receive patients referred from the emergency department. Results: data were collected from 619 patients between June 2013 and January 2018, the most common age range was between 16-30 years, mostly men. The city where the majority of patients registered was in Cali. The commitment of visual acuity was severe in most cases (MM-PL). The most common mechanism of trauma was the occupational accident and the most common lesion was ocular contusion. Most patients did not use protection at the time of the trauma. Conclusion: ocular trauma occurs most commonly in men, young people and in work-related accidents. They presented severe compromise of visual acuity, predominantly the vision of MM to PL. It is the fi rst report of a study of its characteristics in Colombia, giving specifi c recommendations to the ministry of health and encouraging the registry of more data at a national level to prevent the most important causes of trauma.
Subject(s)
Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Eye Injuries, Penetrating , Eye DiseasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@# Less attention is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the burden and prevention of injuries, in low and middle income countries (LMICs). We report the establishment of a trauma registry at the Adult Emergency and Trauma Centre (AETC) at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi and identify high risk geographic areas.@*METHODS@# We devised a paper based two-page trauma registry form. Ten data clerks and all AETC clinicians were trained to complete demographic and clinical details respectively. Descriptive data, regression and hotspot analyses were done using STATA 15 statistical package and ArcGIS (16) software respectively.@*RESULTS@#There were 3,747 patients from May 2013 to May 2015. The most common mechanisms of injury were assault (38.2%), and road traffic injuries (31.6%). The majority had soft tissue injury (53.1%), while 23.8% had no diagnosis indicated. Fractures (OR 19.94 [15.34–25.93]), head injury and internal organ injury (OR 29.5 [16.29–53.4]), and use of ambulance (OR 1.57 [1.06– 2.33]) were found to be predictive of increased odds of being admitted to hospital while assault (OR 0.69 [0.52–0.91]) was found to be associated with less odds of being admitted to hospital. Hot spot analysis showed that at 99% confidence interval, Ndirande, Mbayani and Limbe were the top hot spots for injury occurrence.@*CONCLUSION@# We have described the process of establishing an integrated and potentially sustainable trauma registry. Significant data were captured to provide details on the epidemiology of trauma and insight on how care could be improved at AETC and surrounding health facilities. This approach may be relevant in similar poor resource settings.