Application of Circulating Tumor DNA in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors recorded worldwide. This condition has high morbidity and mortality and seriously endangers people's health. Traditional diagnostic models fail to meet people's current needs for real-time monitoring of tumors. Compared with traditional detection methods, ctDNA detection is not only noninvasive but can also attain real-time detection of comprehensive genomic information of tumors. The advancement of detection technology has gradually highlighted the potential of ctDNA detection in the clinical treatment of CRC. This article reviews the advancements on the clinical application of ctDNA in early screening, minimal residual disease detection, and guidance on individualized treatment of CRC patients.

Catéter peritoneal tunelizado para el manejo de ascitis refractaria en paciente con síndrome nefrótico

Introducción: la ascitis refractaria puede ser una complicación frecuente en el síndrome nefrótico (SN), existen casos reportados del uso de un catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal en pacientes con cirrosis o neoplasias abdominales. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con SN en quién se utilizó un catéter para diálisis peritoneal (DP) para manejo de la ascitis refractaria. Objetivo: mostrar que el catéter peritoneal puede ser considerado como una alternativa para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico. Presentación del caso: paciente varón de 19 años, sin antecedentes patológicos, cursó con edema progresivo y alteración de la función renal. Se evidenció síndrome nefrótico con anasarca y evolucionó con empeoramiento de la función renal ingresando a hemodiálisis de soporte. Se realizó biopsia renal: podocitopatía, glomerulopatía colapsante. Se inició tratamiento con corticoterapia, mejorando la función renal hasta suspender la hemodiálisis, pero presentó ascitis refractaria al tratamiento médico, por lo que se realizó paracentesis evacuatoria en reiteradas ocasiones. Se decidió colocación de catéter peritoneal tunelizado para el manejo de la ascitis refractaria. La ascitis fue disminuyendo progresivamente hasta el retiro del catéter peritoneal. Discusión y conclusión: el uso de catéter tunelizado de diálisis peritoneal es una opción de manejo efectiva en casos de síndrome nefrótico con ascitis refractaria.

Introduction: Refractory ascites can be a frequent complication in nephrotic syndrome (NS), there are reported cases of the use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter in patients with cirrhosis or abdominal neoplasms. The case of a patient with NS is presented in whom used a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter to manage refractory ascites. Purpose: To show that the peritoneal catheter can be considered as an alternative for the management of refractory ascites in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Presentation of the case: A 19-year-old male patient, with no pathological history, presented progressive edema and impaired renal function. Nephrotic syndrome with anasarca was evidenced, and it evolved with worsening renal function, entering supportive hemodialysis. Renal biopsy was performed: podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy. Corticosteroid treatment was started, improving renal function until hemodialysis was discontinued, but he presented ascites refractory to medical treatment, for which evacuatory paracentesis was performed repeatedly. It was decided to place a tunneled peritoneal catheter for the management of refractory ascites. Ascites gradually decreased until the peritoneal catheter was removed. Discussion and conclusion: The use of a tunneled peritoneal dialysis catheter is an effective management option in cases of nephrotic syndrome with refractory ascites.

Efetividade e segurança do regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino no tratamento de primeira linha para Helicobacter pylori / Efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen in first-line treatment of helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Background: After eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chronic gastritis will resolve, complications due to H. pylori infection and recurrence of infection will be prevented. Objective: To determine efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen in first line treatment of H. pylori with comparison to bismuth containing quadruple therapy. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care university hospital between January 2018 and January 2021 with 410 participants who were diagnosed to have H. pylori infection with biopsies obtained during upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy. Patients were distributed into two groups according to their first-line treatment regimens. First group patients were treated with amoxicillin, gemifloxacin and pantoprazole and second group patients were treated with amoxicillin, metronidazole, bismuth subcitrate and pantoprazole for seven days. Results: Intention to treat and per protocol ratios for gemifloxacin containing regimen were 90.0% and 91.2%, while quadruple treatment has these ratios as 91.7% and 93.8% respectively. Treatment success rate in both regimens were similar. But adverse effects were lower and patient compliance were better in patients who had gemifloxacin containing treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion: Gemifloxacin containing treatment regimen is as effective as bismuth containing quadruple treatment regimen for H. pylori infection and patient compliance is better in this group. Gemifloxacin containing treatment regimens may be novel and effective alternatives for eradication of H. pylori infection.

RESUMO Contexto: Após a erradicação do Helicobacter pylori (HP), a gastrite crônica será resolvida, as complicações devido à infecção por HP e a recorrência da infecção serão prevenidas. Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia e segurança do regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino no tratamento de primeira linha do HP, em comparação com a terapia quádrupla contendo bismuto. Métodos: Este estudo prospectivo foi conduzido em um hospital universitário de atendimento terciário entre janeiro de 2018 e janeiro de 2021, com 410 participantes diagnosticados com infecção por HP, obtidos por meio de biópsias durante a endoscopia do sistema gastrointestinal superior. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com seus regimes de tratamento de primeira linha. Os pacientes do primeiro grupo foram tratados com amoxicilina, gemifloxacino e pantoprazol, e os pacientes do segundo grupo foram tratados com amoxicilina, metronidazol, subcitrato de bismuto e pantoprazol por 7 dias. Resultados: As taxas de intenção de tratar e por protocolo para o regime contendo gemifloxacino foram de 90,0% e 91,2%, enquanto o tratamento quádruplo apresentou essas taxas como 91,7% e 93,8%, respectivamente. A taxa de sucesso do tratamento em ambos os regimes foi similar. No entanto, os efeitos adversos foram menores e a adesão dos pacientes foi melhor nos que receberam o tratamento contendo gemifloxacino (P<0,001). Conclusão: O regime de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino é tão eficaz quanto o regime de tratamento quádruplo contendo bismuto para a infecção por HP, e a adesão dos pacientes é melhor neste grupo. Os regimes de tratamento contendo gemifloxacino podem ser alternativas novas e eficazes para a erradicação da infecção por HP.

Efficacy of low dose whole-lung irradiation for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: Meta-analysis / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy of low dose whole-lung irradiation in COVID-19 pneumonia based on the present evidence.Methods:All literature related to the application of low dose whole-lung irradiation in COVID-19 pneumonia were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google scholar, Scoupus, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database until May 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature. For the literature that met the inclusion criteria, both data extraction and literature quality evaluation were blinded. Revman 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 5 controlled clinical trials involving 194 patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were detected in the low dose whole-lung irradiation group compared with the best supportive care group for clinical recovery rates, intubation rates, radiographic improvement rates and 28 d-overall survival.Conclusions:In patients of COVID-19 pneumonia, low dose whole-lung irradiation conferred no significant benefit to clinical outcomes. Currently, the routine use of low dose whole-lung irradiation for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia is not recommended.

Efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in elderly multiple myeloma patients: a single center retrospective study / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in elderly patients (≥65 years old) with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: From June 1, 2006 to July 31, 2020, 22 MM patients (≥65 years old) who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and received novel drug induction followed by auto-HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were evaluated for important organ functions before transplantation, and the International Myeloma Working Group frail score was used in 2016 to screen out transplant-eligible patients. Results: The median (interquartile range, IQR) age at the time of transplantation of the 22 patients was 66.75 (IQR 4.50) years. A total of 20 patients received stem cell mobilization. The median number of mononuclear cells collected was 4.53×10(8)/kg, that of CD34(+) cells was 3.37×10(6)/kg, and the median number of apheresis procedures performed was 2. After stem cell transfusion, the median time of neutrophil implantation was 11 days, that of platelet implantation was 13 days, and the treatment-related mortality was 0 at 100 days after transplantation. The median follow-up was 48.7 months. The median time to progression time was not reached, and the median overall survival time was 111.8 months. Conclusion: Auto-HSCT is a safe and effective treatment for selected elderly patients of 65 years or older with MM.

A cura em psicanálise: efeitos orgânicos e subjetivos de uma análise / The cure in psychoanalysis: organics and subjective effects of an analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente artigo é fruto de uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de evidenciar os efeitos do tratamento psicanalítico, não apenas enquanto algo da ordem do reportado pelos pacientes, mas também enquanto algo que pode ser mensurado a partir de alterações bioquímicas verificadas durante e após o tratamento psicanalítico. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se a psicanálise pode ter seus efeitos cientificamente mensuráveis para além dos relatos dos pacientes e dos analistas e, em último caso, apontar para uma possível eficácia do tratamento com relação às psicopatologias contemporâneas. MÉTODO: Pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática de artigos científicos, publicados de 2008 até a presente data, que demonstravam os efeitos verificáveis de uma análise nos pacientes, sejam alterações funcionais ou bioquímicas. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas inúmeras evidências dos efeitos de um trabalho psicanalítico no decorrer do tratamento, e também, após o término do mesmo. CONCLUSÃO: Com este estudo foi possível verificar que a psicanálise é efetiva para uma série de transtornos mentais e que pode ser o tratamento padrão ouro, quando respeitados os devidos cuidados com relação à formação dos analistas. Novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas, fazendo um comparativo mais amplo entre a psicanálise e outras modalidades no campo da saúde mental.

INTRODUCTION: This article results from a bibliographic review to highlight the effects of the psychoanalysis treatment, not only based on the issues reported by the patients but also in other outcomes measurable by biochemistry changes that are verified during and after the treatment. OBJECTIVES: To verify if psychoanalysis with its effects can be scientifically measured beyond the report of the patients and the analysts and, in the last case, to point out the efficacy of the treatment for contemporary psychopathology. METHODS: It was carried out a systematic literature review of referenced articles, considering the period from the year 2008 to current days, which aimed to demonstrate verifiable effects in the patients that were submitted to psychoanalysis, considering either functional or biochemistry changes. RESULTS: It was found that several evidences of the effects during the psychoanalytical process and also after the end of the treatment. CONCLUSION: With this work, it was possible to verify that psychoanalysis is an effective treatment for several mental disorders and can be a standard gold treatment once is respected the appropriate attention to the formation of the analysts. New researches must be done to compare psychoanalysis and other types of treatment in the mental health field.

Cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina no Brasil: um caso de ineficácia na gestão da saúde pública / Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in Brazil: a case of inefficacy in public health management / La cloroquina y la hidroxicloroquina en el Brasil: un caso de ineficacia en la salud

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a decisão do governo federal brasileiro no âmbito da gestão da saúde pública, ao adotar o uso da cloroquina e da hidroxicloroquina como uma das principais medidas contra a Covid-19. Metodologia Estudo teórico de base documental, a partir da triangulação de métodos. As três etapas foram: revisão de literatura na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com os descritores efficacy AND coronavirus infections AND chloroquine; análise dos documentos referentes aos contratos do governo federal para compras durante a pandemia; e análise de documentos produzidos por instâncias de controle e sociedades científicas brasileiras. A análise se deu pela perspectiva da Saúde Coletiva, de viés crítico. Resultado A revisão de literatura revelou que ainda não há eficácia clínica comprovada no uso da cloroquina e da hidroxicloroquina contra a Covid-19. Os gastos com esses dois medicamentos totalizaram R$ 1.769.824,73 (até julho de 2020), revelando um uso considerável de recursos públicos em uma medida sem eficácia comprovada. A decisão também rompe a gestão participativa, uma vez que as instâncias de controle social e sociedades científicas pediram cautela no uso desses medicamentos, em alguns casos, pediram a suspensão do protocolo implementado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Conclusão A linha de ação adotada pelo governo federal no Brasil toma um caminho ineficaz e que desrespeita a essência do que é Sistema Único de Saúde, priorizando o curativismo em detrimento de medidas protetivas.

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the decision of the Brazilian federal government in the field of public health management, adopting the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as one of the main measures against Covid-19. Methodology Theoretical study of documentary basis, from the triangulation of methods. The three stages were: literature review in the Virtual Health Library, with the descriptors efficacy AND coronavirus infections AND chloroquine; analysis of documents related to federal government contracts for purchases during the pandemic; and analysis of documents produced by Brazilian control instances and scientific societies. The analysis was made from the perspective of Collective Health, of critical bias. Results The literature review revealed that there is still no proven clinical efficacy in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against Covid-19. Expenditure on these two drugs totaled R$ 1,769,824.73 (until July 2020), revealing considerable use of public resources in a measure without proven efficacy. The decision also breaks participative management, since social control instances and scientific societies asked for caution in the use of these drugs, in some cases even asked for the suspension of the protocol implemented by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Conclusion The line of action adopted by the federal government in Brazil takes an ineffective path that disregards the essence of what is the Unified Health System, prioritizing curativism over protective measures.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la decisión del Gobierno brasileño, en el ámbito de la gestión de la salud pública, de adoptar el uso de la cloroquina y la hidroxicloroquina como una de las principales medidas contra el Covid-19. Metodología Estudio teórico basado en documentos, a partir de la triangulación de métodos. Las tres etapas fueron: revisión de la literatura en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, con los descriptores "efficacy AND coronavirus infections AND chloroquine"; análisis de documentos relacionados con los contratos del Gobierno para compras durante la pandemia; y análisis de documentos producidos por las instancias de control y sociedades científicas brasileñas. El análisis se hizo desde la perspectiva de la Salud Colectiva Crítica. Resultados El examen de la literatura reveló que todavía no se ha demostrado la eficacia clínica del uso de la cloroquina y la hidroxicloroquina contra COVID. Los gastos de estas dos drogas ascendieron a R$ 1.769.824,73 (para julio de 2020), lo que revela un uso considerable de recursos públicos en una medida sin eficacia comprobada. La decisión también rompe la gestión participativa, ya que las instancias de control social y las sociedades científicas pidieron precaución en el uso de estas drogas; en algunos casos incluso pidieron la suspensión del protocolo implementado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Conclusión La línea de acción adoptada por el Gobierno en el Brasil sigue un camino ineficaz que no tiene en cuenta la esencia de lo que es el Sistema Único de Salud, pues le da prioridad al curativismo sobre las medidas de protección.

Beneficios de la terapia antihipertensiva combinada, en el control de las cifras de presión arterial / Benefits of combined antihypertensive therapy in the control of blood pressure levels

INTRODUCCIÓN: la hipertensión arterial es definida en cifras mayores o iguales a 140/90 mmHg, es de alta prevalencia e incrementa la morbimortalidad general y cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en pacientes que acuden a consultorio de clínica médica del Hospital Distrital de Villa Elisa, caracterizando a los pacientes hipertensos, evaluando el tratamiento que utilizan y sí están o no controlados. METODOLOGÍA: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, muestreo de casos consecutivos, con pacientes atendidos en consultorio de junio a setiembre 2019, fichas clínicas de 488 pacientes. Los resultados fueron analizados basándose en las guías europeas de hipertensión arterial del año 2018. RESULTADOS: se encontró que el 35% tenían el diagnóstico de Hipertensión Arterial y recibían tratamiento para la enfermedad; el 67% de la muestra procedente de Villa Elisa. La mediana de la edad fue de 62 años, donde el 75% de la muestra son mujeres. Solo un 13% de los pacientes tenían Índice de Masa Corporal menor a 25, 35% tenían sobrepeso y 52% obesidad. El 40% de los pacientes están bien controlados con cifras menores a 140/90 mmHg con el tratamiento. Entre los hombres solo 25% tenía Hipertensión Arterial controlada, sin embargo el dato fue de 45% en las mujeres. El 48% de los pacientes utilizaba monoterapia, el 39% utilizaba dos fármacos combinados. CONCLUSIÓN: en el considerable porcentaje de hipertensos en la población, las mujeres registran más consultas que los hombres; la mayoría de los pacientes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. Menos de la mitad presentó buen control de cifras tensionales y en los hombres el control se reduce al cuarto de la población; la monoterapia prevalece.

INTRODUCTION: arterial hypertension is defined in figures greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg, is of high prevalence and increases general and cardiovascular morbimortality. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of hypertension in patients attending the medical clinic of the Villa Elisa District Hospital, characterizing hypertensive patients, evaluating the treatment they use and whether or not they are controlled. METHODOLOGY: observational, descriptive, retrospective, retrospective, cross-sectional study, sampling of consecutive cases, with patients seen in the clinic from June to September 2019, clinical records of 488 patients. The results were analyzed based on the 2018 European guidelines on arterial hypertension. RESULTS: 35% were found to have a diagnosis of arterial hypertension and were receiving treatment for the disease; 67% of the sample from Villa Elisa. The median age was 62 years, where 75% of the sample were women. Only 13% of the patients had a Body Mass Index lower than 25, 35% were overweight and 52% obese. Forty percent of the patients are well controlled with figures below 140/90 mmHg with treatment. Among the men only 25% had controlled arterial hypertension, however the figure was 45% in women. Forty-eight percent of the patients used monotherapy, 39% used two drugs in combination. CONCLUSION: in the considerable percentage of hypertensive patients in the population, women registered more consultations than men; most of the patients were overweight or obese. Less than half presented good control of blood pressure figures and in men control was reduced to a quarter of the population; monotherapy prevails.

Challenges and opportunities in the science of research to practice: lessons learned from a randomized controlled trial of a sexual risk-reduction intervention for psychiatric patients in a public mental health system

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efficacy trials with psychiatric patients have been conducted in research settings in high-resourced countries, establishing short-term efficacy for reducing sexual risk behavior. None has been implemented within systems of care. In the last decade, overcoming this research-to-practice gap has become a focus of implementation science. This paper describes the first and only HIV Prevention intervention trial for psychiatric patients conducted in real-world outpatient psychiatric settings facilitated by trained clinic-based providers. Methods: The HIV Prevention intervention, which uses the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model to achieve sexual risk-reduction, was rigorously adapted to the local context and clinic services' needs. Participants from eight clinics were randomized to HIV Prevention or Health Promotion conditions. Results: HIV Prevention participants showed significant improvement in Information-Motivation-Behavioral domains; in this group, behavioral intentions were associated with significantly fewer unprotected sex occasions, but reduction of unprotected sex occasions was similar in both conditions. Conclusion: Our trial was conducted before implementation studies became widely funded. Transporting an intervention to a new culture or into real-world practice settings may require adaptations. Our results demonstrate that clear guidelines are needed regarding whether to conduct efficacy, effectiveness, and/or implementation research as the most appropriate next step. Clinical trial registration: NCT00881699

Real-Life Effectiveness and Tolerability of Perampanel in Pediatric Patients Aged 4 Years or Older with Epilepsy: A Korean National Multicenter Study

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after successful treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia: a report of four cases and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) after successful treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) . Methods: Clinical data of 4 patients, diagnosed as t-MNs secondary to APL at Hematology Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2012 to January 2019, were collected retrospectively. T-MNs related literature was reviewed. Results: The 4 cases were all females, with the median age 42 (range 40-53) years old at the diagnosis of APL. Regarding the induction and consolidation regimens, 3 patients received all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combined with anthracycline/anthraquinone and/or cytosine. One patient only received ATRA and other auxiliary drugs. Alkylating agents were not administrated. The 4 patients developed t-MNs 40 to 43 months after complete remission (CR) of APL, including 1 case of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and 3 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) . The PML-RARα fusion genes were all negative when t-MNs developed. The three patients with t-AML were treated with 3 to 4 re-induction regimens, one of whom underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after complete remission (CR) . One patient with t-MDS received hypomethylating agents. After a median follow-up of 54.5 (48-62) months, 2 patients with t-AML died, the median overall survival after t-MN was 12 (5-18) months. From 1989 to 2018, a total of 63 t-MN cases were reported in the literature. Therefore, 67 cases were analyzed when four patients in our center were added, including 27 males and 40 females with median age 52.5 (15-76) years. The median latency was 39 (12-126) months and the median overall survival after diagnosis of t-MN was 10 (1-39) months. Conclusions: Although rare, t-MNs may occur after successful control of APL. There are no existing guidelines for prevention and treatment of t-MNs, which have very poor prognosis. If cytopenia or other abnormalities of peripheral blood cells develop after 3 years of APL, t-MNs should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Analysis of induction efficacy and prognostic factors in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia in the real world / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy in FLT3-ITD(+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the real world data. Methods: From January 2013 to December 2016, 114 de novo patients with FLT3-ITD(+)AML were enrolled in this study. Out of 114 cases, 75 were male, and 39 were female. The median age was 42 years old (ranged from 14 to 72 years old) . The chemotherapy regimens were used for induction therapy and all cases were followed up. The treatment response was evaluated by MICM and the comparison of the ratio were analyzed by chi-square test and the survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: There were 52 FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients with favorable prognosis genes (46 cases with NPM1, 5 cases with RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 1 case with CEBPA double mutation) and 62 patients with other types of FLT3-ITD(+)AML at diagnosis. All patients completed at least one cycle of induction therapy and the clinical curative effect was evaluated, complete remission (CR) rate was 50.0% (57/114) in one cycle and total CR rate was 72.5% (74/104) in two cycles. The CR rate of the FLT3-ITD(+) AML patients with favorable prognosis genes was 67.3% (35/52) in one cycle and 83.3% (40/48) in two cycles; for the other types FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients, the CR rate was 35.5% (22/62) in one cycle and 64.8% (35/54) in two cycles. There was a significant difference in CR rate between the FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients with and without favorable prognosis genes (P<0.05) . This indicates that the FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients with favorable prognosis gene had relatively good therapeutic effect. Among other types of FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients who did not achieve remission from one cycle of chemotherapy, 9 patients were given sorafenib plus chemotherapy and 6 cases (66.7%) achieved CR; 23 patients were given conventional chemotherapy and 7 cases (30.4%) achieved CR. There was a significant difference between sorafenib plus chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy groups (χ(2)=4.47, P<0.05) and this indicates that sorafenib plus chemotherapy can significantly improve the CR rate of FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients. Comparing overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) , there was no significant difference between sorafenib plus chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy groups (P values were 0.641 and 0.517, respectively) . Conclusion: The overall prognosis of FLT3-ITD(+)AML patients is poor, and the stratification therapeutic efficacy of FLT3-ITD(+)AML without favorable prognosis gene can be improved by sorafenib combined with chemotherapy.

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms after successful treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia: a report of four cases and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) after successful treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) .@*Methods@#Clinical data of 4 patients, diagnosed as t-MNs secondary to APL at Hematology Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2012 to January 2019, were collected retrospectively. T-MNs related literature was reviewed.@*Results@#The 4 cases were all females, with the median age 42 (range 40-53) years old at the diagnosis of APL. Regarding the induction and consolidation regimens, 3 patients received all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) combined with anthracycline/anthraquinone and/or cytosine. One patient only received ATRA and other auxiliary drugs. Alkylating agents were not administrated. The 4 patients developed t-MNs 40 to 43 months after complete remission (CR) of APL, including 1 case of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and 3 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) . The PML-RARα fusion genes were all negative when t-MNs developed. The three patients with t-AML were treated with 3 to 4 re-induction regimens, one of whom underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after complete remission (CR) . One patient with t-MDS received hypomethylating agents. After a median follow-up of 54.5 (48-62) months, 2 patients with t-AML died, the median overall survival after t-MN was 12 (5-18) months. From 1989 to 2018, a total of 63 t-MN cases were reported in the literature. Therefore, 67 cases were analyzed when four patients in our center were added, including 27 males and 40 females with median age 52.5 (15-76) years. The median latency was 39 (12-126) months and the median overall survival after diagnosis of t-MN was 10 (1-39) months.@*Conclusions@#Although rare, t-MNs may occur after successful control of APL. There are no existing guidelines for prevention and treatment of t-MNs, which have very poor prognosis. If cytopenia or other abnormalities of peripheral blood cells develop after 3 years of APL, t-MNs should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Analysis of induction efficacy and prognostic factors in FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia in the real world / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors of induction therapy in FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the real world data.@*Methods@#From January 2013 to December 2016, 114 de novo patients with FLT3-ITD+AML were enrolled in this study. Out of 114 cases, 75 were male, and 39 were female. The median age was 42 years old (ranged from 14 to 72 years old) . The chemotherapy regimens were used for induction therapy and all cases were followed up. The treatment response was evaluated by MICM and the comparison of the ratio were analyzed by chi-square test and the survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic factors.@*Results@#There were 52 FLT3-ITD+AML patients with favorable prognosis genes (46 cases with NPM1, 5 cases with RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 1 case with CEBPA double mutation) and 62 patients with other types of FLT3-ITD+AML at diagnosis. All patients completed at least one cycle of induction therapy and the clinical curative effect was evaluated, complete remission (CR) rate was 50.0% (57/114) in one cycle and total CR rate was 72.5% (74/104) in two cycles. The CR rate of the FLT3-ITD+ AML patients with favorable prognosis genes was 67.3% (35/52) in one cycle and 83.3% (40/48) in two cycles; for the other types FLT3-ITD+AML patients, the CR rate was 35.5% (22/62) in one cycle and 64.8% (35/54) in two cycles. There was a significant difference in CR rate between the FLT3-ITD+AML patients with and without favorable prognosis genes (P<0.05) . This indicates that the FLT3-ITD+AML patients with favorable prognosis gene had relatively good therapeutic effect. Among other types of FLT3-ITD+AML patients who did not achieve remission from one cycle of chemotherapy, 9 patients were given sorafenib plus chemotherapy and 6 cases (66.7%) achieved CR; 23 patients were given conventional chemotherapy and 7 cases (30.4%) achieved CR. There was a significant difference between sorafenib plus chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy groups (χ2=4.47, P<0.05) and this indicates that sorafenib plus chemotherapy can significantly improve the CR rate of FLT3-ITD+AML patients. Comparing overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) , there was no significant difference between sorafenib plus chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy groups (P values were 0.641 and 0.517, respectively) .@*Conclusion@#The overall prognosis of FLT3-ITD+AML patients is poor, and the stratification therapeutic efficacy of FLT3-ITD+AML without favorable prognosis gene can be improved by sorafenib combined with chemotherapy.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal neoplasms: an audit of its safety and efficacy in a single tertiary centre in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides a higher en bloc and R0 resection rate than endoscopic mucosal resection. Colorectal ESD is not widely used because of its technical difficulty and risk of complications, especially for right-sided colonic lesions. We audited the clinical outcomes of our initial experience with colorectal ESD.@*METHODS@#We reviewed data collected from a prospective registry of patients who underwent colorectal ESD from December 2014 to March 2018. Therapeutic outcomes and procedure-related complications were analysed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 41 patients (mean age 67.4 years, 21 male) underwent colorectal ESD. The distribution of the lesions was as follows: rectum (n = 9), sigmoid colon (n = 8), descending colon (n = 6), splenic flexure (n = 1), transverse colon (n = 5), ascending colon (n = 8) and caecum (n = 4). The mean size was 23 (range 12-50) mm. En bloc resection was achieved in 35 (85.4%) out of 41 patients, and R0 resection or clear resection margins was achieved in 33 (94.3%) of the en bloc resection patients. The lesion was upstaged in 14 (34.1%) patients after ESD. Colonic perforation occurred in 3 (7.3%) patients during ESD and was successfully treated with endoscopic clips. There was no procedure-related bleeding. No patient required surgery for management of complications. The median duration of hospitalisation was 1 (range 0-7) day. Four patients with lesions that were upstaged after ESD, from high-grade dysplasia to intramucosal carcinoma with deep submucosal invasion, were referred for colectomy.@*CONCLUSION@#Our early outcome data was comparable to that from large published series. ESD is an effective and feasible treatment for colorectal lesions.

Eficacia analgésica y complicaciones a corto plazo de catéteres peridurales lumbares y torácicos en pacientes pediátricos: una evaluación retrospectiva / Analgesic efficacy and short-term complications of lumbar peridural catheters and thoracic in pediatric patients: a retrospective evaluation

Introducción: la analgesia peridural postoperatoria en niños es efectiva con catéteres insertados al nivel del sitio quirúrgico. Objetivo:comparar la eficacia y las complicaciones de catéteres insertados a nivel lumbar y torácico para analgesia postoperatoria. Método:revisamos la base de datos del Servicio de dolor agudo. Extrajimos información de pacientes de 0-18 años, con analgesia peridural postoperatoria. Los pacientes fueron divididos en grupo lumbar y torácico y, en cada grupo, por edades. Recopilamos información de: variables demográficas, tipo de cirugía, nivel de inserción del catéter peridural, solución de anestésico local administrada, analgésicos sistémicos, coadyuvantes peridurales, dolor postoperatorio y complicaciones. Dividimos las complicaciones según gravedad. Resultados: se analizaron 221 pacientes, 123 con catéter lumbar y 98 con catéter torácico. Catéteres peridurales lumbares y torácicos fueron principalmente insertados en niños de 1-3 años y mayores de 4 años respectivamente. Se utilizó bupivacaína 0,1-0,125 por ciento. Las cirugías fueron urológicas, intraabdominales, ortopédicas, torácicas y cardiovasculares. Los niños con catéteres torácicos tuvieron más dolor (mediana (rango): 3 (0-6) vs. 2 (0-4)) y necesitaron sus catéteres por más días (promedio (DE): 2,96 (1,06) vs. 2,53 (1,09) que aquellos con catéter lumbar. Los requerimientos analgésicos fueron similares en ambos grupos. Hubo 60 complicaciones (27,1 por ciento), principalmente menores (92 por ciento), sin diferencias entre los grupos lumbar y torácica (30 por ciento vs 23 por ciento) ni entre las diferentes edades. Conclusión: los catéteres peridurales insertados en relación al sitio quirúrgico, a nivel lumbar o torácico, proporcionarían analgesia postoperatoria clínicamente aceptable y comparable, con similar incidencia de complicaciones.(AU)

Introduction: postoperative epidural analgesia in children is effective with catheters inserted at the level of the surgical site. Objective: compare the efficacy and complications of epidural catheters inserted at the lumbar and thoracic level for postoperative analgesia in this population. Methods: we review the Acute Pain Service Database. We extracted information of patient from 0 to 18 years with postoperative epidural analgesia. Patients were divided into lumbar and thoracic groups and, in each group, by age. Collected data included: demographic, type of surgery, details of epidural catheters insertion, the local anesthetic administered, systemic analgesics and epidural adjuvant used, postoperative pain and complications. We divide complications according severity. Results: 221 patients were analyzed, 123 with lumbar and 98 with thoracic epidurals catheters. Lumbar and thoracic epidural catheters were mainly placed in patients 1-3 years and older than four years respectively. Bupivacaine 0.1-0.125 percent was the analgesic solution used. Performed surgeries were urological, intraabdominal, orthopedic, thoracic and cardiovascular. Children with thoracic catheters had more pain (median (IQR): 3 (0-6) vs. 2 (0-4)) and needed their catheters more days (mean (SD): 2.96 (1.06) vs. 2.53 (1.09)) than children with lumbar catheters.Analgesic requirements were similar between both groups. There were 60 complications (27.1 percent), mainly minors (92 percent), with no differences between lumbar and thoracic groups (30 percent vs. 23 percent respectively), and among age categories. Conclusion: the epidural catheters inserted about the surgical site, at the lumbar or the thoracic level would provide clinically acceptable and comparable postoperative analgesia with a similar rate of complications.(AU)

Efficacy of low-dose leflunomide in lupus nephritis: A multi-center prospective study / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of leflunomide combined with prednisone in the induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis (LN).Methods A prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in patients with biopsy-proved proliferative lupus nephritis recruited from 15 renal centers from 2013 to 2015.Patients were randomized to two groups.Oral leflunomide or intravenous cyclophosphamide was given to patients in each group.Both groups received a tapering course of oral prednisone therapy.All patients were followed up for 24 weeks.The blood biochemistry,urine index,clinical curative effect and adverse reaction were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this clinical trial,including 48 patients in leflunomide group and 52 patients in cyclophosphamide group.After 24 weeks,the overall response rate was 79％ (95％ CI 67％-90％) in the leflunomide group and 69％ (95％ CI 56％-82％) in the cyclophosphamide group.23％ (95％CI 11％-35％) of patients in leflunomide group showed complete remission compared with 27％ (95％CI 24％-30％) in cyclophosphamide group (P=0.35).The levels of 24-hr urine protein excretion,SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA antibody titers were decreased in patients treated with leflunomide group after 24-weeks treatment.And the levels of serum albumin and complement 3 after treatment were significantly higher compared with these before treatment.There was also no significant difference in changes of 24-hr urine protein excretion,SLEDAI score,anti-dsDNA antibody titers,serum albumin and complement C3 levels after treatment between two groups.Incidence of adverse events did not differ between the leflunomide and cyclophosphamide group.Conclusions Leflunomide combined with prednisone showed same efficacy compared with cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for lupus nephritis.Leflunomide might be an useful medicine in the induction therapy of lupus nephritis.

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bathing with Chinese Medicine Taohong Siwu Decoction () for Treatment of Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the efficacy and safety of bathing therapy with Taohong Siwu Decoction (, TSD) in the treatment of early-stage, mild-moderate diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 148 men and women (18-60 years) with dcSSc (disease duration 12 months) and baseline modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) 10. Patients were randomized into a TSD group (71 cases bathing with TSD plus oral prednisone) or control group (71 cases bathing with placebo plus oral prednisone). Bathing (40 °C, 30 min) of the upper and lower limbs was carried out once daily for 12 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measure was MRSS; secondary outcomes were Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) score, quality of life (QOL), physician visual analogue scale (VAS), patient VAS, percent predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level and overall treatment effect.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The final analysis included 135 patients (control group, 68 cases; TSD group, 67 cases). Primary and secondary outcome measures after 2 weeks of treatment showed no improvement (versus baseline) in both groups, with no differences between groups. At 12 weeks, QOL, physician VAS, patient VAS, ESR and CRP were improved in both groups, but MRSS and RP score were improved only in the TSD group (all P<0.05). MRSS, RP score, QOL, physician VAS, patient VAS, ESR and CRP differed significantly between groups (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the overall treatment effect was significantly higher in the TSD group than in the control group (P<0.05). Adverse events in the two groups were similar (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bathing with TSD plus oral prednisone achieves better outcomes than oral prednisone alone in patients with dcSSc and is not associated with serious adverse events.</p>

Innovation of Invisalign technology and its efficacy for tooth movement / 口腔疾病防治

@#The Invisalign system has been used in the clinic for nearly two decades and its invisible, comfortable and beautiful features are increasingly favored by doctors and patients. In recent years, Invisalign technology is constantly innovating from mild crowding (G1), relatively complicated tooth movement (G2), anterior tooth torque control (G3), anterior open bite (G4), deep overbite (G5), first four premolar extraction (G6), and posterior open bite (G7) to the correction of skeletal class Ⅱmalocclusion in adolescents. Its indications has covered almost all areas of traditional fixed orthodontics. However, as this technology is in the developmental stage, there is a discontinuity between the computer-designed positioning and the clinical results. Although Invisalign has manifested excellent performance in correcting tooth intrusion, tipping movement and distal movement, its ability to correct tooth rotation and extrusion still needs improvement. This paper reviews the characteristics of Invisalign G1-G7 and Invisalign MA and the efficacy of these systems in correcting different types of tooth movement.

Clinical efficacy of ladder neoadjuvant therapy in treatment of advanced mid-low rectal cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy of ladder neoadjuvant therapy in treatment of advanced mid-low rectal cancer.@*Methods@#We performed a retrospective study of one hundred and eighty mid and low rectal cancer patients who underwent ladder neoadjuvant therapy(neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery if neoadjuvant chemotherapy was effective; neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy if neoadjuvant chemotherapy was ineffective)(n=90) or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n=90).@*Results@#In the ladder neoadjuvant therapy group, the descent stage rate was 85.6% (77/90), the anastomosis rate was 50.0% (45/90), the pre-sacral infection rate was 4.4% (4/90), the pathological complete remission (pCR) was 13.3%(12/90), R0 resection rate was 85.6% (77/90), the 2-year disease control rate was 76.7% (69/90), and the 2-year survival rate was 90.0% (81/90). In the control group, the descent stage rate was 88.9% (80/90), The anastomosis rate was 45.6% (41/90), the rate of pre-sacral infection was 11.1% (10/90), pCR was 16.7% 15/90), R0 resection rate was 88.9% (80/90), the 2-year disease control rate was 78.9% (71/90), and the 2-year survival rate was 87.8% (79/90). The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The ladder neoadjuvant therapy group had lower prophylactic transverse colostomyrate(10.0% vs 34.4%), lower radiation injury rate (6.7% vs 27.8%), and lower sexual dysfunction rate (38.9% vs 87.8)compared to the control group.@*Conclusions@#The ladder neoadjuvant therapy might reduce side injury caused by radiotherapy, improve compliance of patients, and reduce treatment costs. Moreover, the RO resection rate, 2-year local control rate and 2-year survival rate of ladder neoadjuvant therapy group was comparable with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.