ABSTRACT
The training of clinical skill is closely linked with medical personnel education.However,traditional paper-type training materials were unable to meet the training needs.As a new type of training materials,trial-and-error video-type clinical skill training materials (abbreviated as TEVT clinical skill training materials) have gradually attracted attention with its characteristics of lively and interesting,potentially informative,high acceptance among students,the advantages' of stimulating students' initiative exploration and consideration,fostering students' critical spirit and humanities.On the basis of analyzing the advantages' of TEVT training materials,we discussed the developing specialties of TEVT clinical skill training materials from four aspects as the material orientation and the application object,material sources,constructing the developing team and editing the teaching materials.Furthermore,we reflected the application prospect of TEVT clinical skill training materials in the future,in order to explore an available implementation path for the development of TEVT clinical skill training materials.
ABSTRACT
We investigated the effects of past experience on the web construction by the spider Argiope argentata. The spiders were submitted to periods in horizontal position alternated with periods in vertical position (control phase). The observations revealed an improvement in the quality of the second vertical web when compared to the first; disordered web-building behavior when first in a horizontal phase, with resultant web deformities; improvements in web quality after successive web constructions in a horizontal phase; finally, we observed improvements in spiders' performance and a shorter time needed to build their webs when the spiders were submitted to the horizontal phase for the second time. The results suggest that improvements during the horizontal periods were due to changes in the building patterns in the early stages of spider web construction (mesh, frame and radius constructions). Our results favor the hypothesis that this improvement is due to past experience or learning.
Investigamos os efeitos de experiência passada na construção da teia da aranha Argiope argentata. As aranhas foram submetidas a períodos em suportes horizontais alternados por períodos de suportes verticais (condição controle). Os resultados revelaram melhora da primeira para a segunda teia vertical; desorganização do desempenho no primeiro contato com a condição horizontal; melhora do desempenho após sucessivas construções horizontais e finalmente melhor desempenho e menor latência de construção no segundo contato com a horizontal. Os resultados sugerem que a melhora, na condição de horizontalidade, decorre de uma mudança nos padrões iniciais da construção (feitura de amarras/quadro/raios) e apoiam a hipótese de que esta melhora seja um produto de experiência passada ou aprendizagem.