ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical types of children's tinea capitis and the distribution of fungal pathogens in Wuhan from 2011 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of children's tinea capitis. Methods Laboratory data of children with tinea capitis in outpatient and inpatient department of dermatology in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were collected. A total of 542 cases of pediatric tinea capitis were included, with 239 male cases and 303 female cases. Microscopic examination of fungi and culture identification were performed on the affected skin lesions of the children. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in pathogen spectrum of children with different age groups and clinical type. Results Among the pediatric tinea capitis patients, the age group with the highest prevalence was preschool children（3 to <7 years old), accounting for 48.52%（263/542). The top three pathogenic fungi were Trichophytes violaceum（49.26%, 267/542), Microsporum canis（31.55%, 171/542) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes （9.96%, 54/542). Trichophyton violaceum was the main pathogen in all ages, followed by Microsporum canis. The infection rate of Microsporum canis in children over 7 years old was lower than that in children under 7 years old, and the infection rate of Trichophyton rubrum in infants was higher than that in other ages. The distribution of Trichophytes violaceum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Nannizzia gypseum and Microsporum ferrugineum was uniform in all age groups. Trichophytes violaceum and Trichophyton tousurans mainly caused black-dot ringworm, Microsporum canis mainly caused tinea alba, Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Nannizzia gypseum and Trichophytonrubrum mainly caused kerion. Except for Microsporum ferrugineum, the composition ratios of other fungi species showed statistically significant differences among different clinical types of tinea capitis（P<0.05). Conclusions Preschool children are the most commonly affected age group by pediatric tinea capitis, and black-dot ringworm caused by Trichophytes violaceum is the main clinical type. Analysis of the high-riskage group, pathogenic fungi and clinical types of tinea capitis in children can enhance the understanding of its epidemiological characteristics, which is helpful for early diagnosis and targeted standardized treatment of pediatric tinea capitis.
ABSTRACT
Trichophyton violaceum es un dermatofito antropofílico endémico en África, Europa, Centroamérica y China. El incremento de los fenómenos de movilidad humana ha contribuido a su aparición en áreas no endémicas. Su principal manifestación clínica es la tinea capitis, seguida por la tinea corporis. En la población pediátrica afecta con mayor frecuencia el cuero cabelludo; y en adultos, la piel glabra. Presentamos el primer caso en Chile de tinea causada por T violaceum. Correspondió a una mujer chilena de 21 años que presentó placas faciales de un mes de evolución después de un viaje a Tanzania, África, sin respuesta a tratamientos médicos previos. Se sospechó una dermatofitosis alóctona y mediante cultivos especiales, se identificó una colonia de crecimiento lento, coloración violeta-negruzca, superficie cerosa y rugosa, con vellosidades aterciopeladas; compatible con T violaceum. Se confirmó mediante secuenciación de ADN ribosomal amplificando la región ITS. Se trató con terbinafina oral con respuesta clínica completa.
Trichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte endemic in Africa, Europe, Central America and China. The increase in human mobility has recently contributed to the appearance in non-endemic areas. The main clinical manifestation is tinea capitis followed by tinea corporis. We present the first case in Chile of tinea caused by T violaceum. The case was a 21 year-old Chilean woman who presented asymptomatic facial plaques one month after arriving from Tanzania, Africa, with no clinical response to previous medical treatments. An allochthonous dermatophytosis was suspected and with special cultures, a slow-growing colony was identified with a violet-blackish color, waxy and rough surface, and velvety villi; all characteristics of T violaceum. The diagnosis was confirmed by ribosomal DNA sequencing amplifying the ITS region. She was treated with oral terbinafine obtaining a complete clinical response.
ABSTRACT
Dermatophytes are Fungi which infect keratinized tissues, that is, skin epidermis, hair and nails. Trichophyton violaceum is an anthropophilic, cosmopolitan dermatophyte. It primarily causes tinea capitis and less commonly tinea corporis and tinea unguium. We present a report of two cases of tinea corporis due to T. violaceum in children. Infections due to T. violaceum are important because of its transmissibility within families and community and its potential to spread and establish in new geographical areas.
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Objective To analyze the genotypic characteristics of T. violaceum, and offer evidence for molecular epidemiological study of causative agents of pediatric tinea capitis, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods The PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisim (RFLP) of the nontranscribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA-NTS) was assessed by using 5 restriction enzymes, including HaeⅢ, Bgl Ⅰ,MspⅠ, DdeⅠ and MboⅠ, for 30 clinical isolates of T. violaceum from children with tinea capitis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Nine strains of T. violaceum from Beijing and 2 strains from Taiwan served as the control.Results All the 41 strains of T. violaceum were classified into 12 genotypes with the restriction enzyme Ddel.Ten genotypes were revealed in the 30 strains from Xinjiang; among them, 17 strains showed 7 different genotypes (D, F, G, H, I, J and K) with a high intraspecies diversity in comparison with the Beijing and Taiwan isolates; the remaining 13 strains from Xinjiang showed 3 genotypes, which were shared by the Beijing and Taiwan isolates. Conclusions The T. violaceum isolates from children with tinea capitis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have unique genotypes, but also show genetic homogeneity with the strains from Beijing and Taiwan, hinting the genetic diversity of T. violaceum.
ABSTRACT
Tinea capitis, tinha do couro cabeludo, é dermatofitose causada por fungos dos gêneros Trichophyton e Microsporum. Apresenta várias formas clínicas e é quase exclusiva de crianças. Raramente acomete adulto. Relata-se um caso de tinea capitis por T. violaceum em mulher com 65 anos de idade e comentam-se os aspectos nosográficos dessa dermatofitose no Brasil.
Tinea capitis, a scalp ringworm, is a dermatophytosis caused by fungus of the gender Trichophyton and Microsporum. It presents various clinical forms and is almost exclusive of children. It rarely affects an adult. A case of tinea capitis is reported in a 65-year-old woman and the nosographic aspects on this dermatophytosis in Brazil are commented.
ABSTRACT
Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis of the scalp and associated hairs that is caused by the species of genera Mecrosporum and Trichophyton. It commonly affects children. Black dot ringworm (BDR) can be caused by Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum. We report a 82-year-old woman with diffuse hair loss and black dots on the frontal scalp, and an erythematous annular scaly patches on the forehead. Endothrix invasion of the hair was shown on the 20% KOH mount. In fungus culture, slow growing violaceous verrucous colonies were obtained from the scalp and face. Microscopic findings revealed irregular branching hyphae and numerous chlamydospores. Histologic findings of the scalp showed numerous PAS positive fungal elements in the hair. Griseofulvin was administrated at the dose of daily 1000mg for 3 weeks, but no clinical and mycological improvement were obtained and tenderness and pustules were developed. Terbinafine at the dose of daily 250mg was administrated for 6 weeks, and clinical and mycologic improvement were obtained and damaged scalp hairs were replaced by intact hair shaft. There has been no recurrence for 8 months. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of BDR caused by T. violaceum in the Korean literature.