ABSTRACT
El sistema trigeminal nociceptivo es un componente del sistema sensorial somestésico que tiene la capacidad de discriminar cuatro variables básicas de los estímulos que provocan daño tisular, ellas son: cualidad, curso temporal, localización e intensidad. Las fibras A delta y C, vinculadas a la nocicepción están presentes en la pulpa dental. Se utilizan varias clasificaciones del dolor, atendiendo a diversos criterios: calidad de la sensación, velocidad de transmisión por las fibras, en relación con el lugar del cuerpo donde se exprese, y a la ubicación del nociceptor. La evolución de las condiciones pulpares se clasifican como: pulpitis reversible, pulpitis transicional, pulpitis irreversible y pulpa necrótica.Según su cualidad, el dolor pulpar puede ser punzante o continuo; atendiendo a su aparición, provocado o espontáneo; por su curso, intermitente o continuo; por su localización puede ser limitado a una región, irradiado y referido; y en relación con su intensidad se considera leve, moderado o severo. La capacidad del sistema sensorial nociceptivo en cuanto a discriminar la modalidad, curso temporal, localización e intensidad del estímulo, permite conocer las diferentes etapas de un proceso inflamatorio pulpar(AU)
The nociceptive trigeminal system is a component of the somatosensory system capable of distinguishing four basic variables of stimuli causing tissue damage: quality, time course, location and intensity. A-delta and C fibers, which are related to nociception, are present in dental pulp. Several classifications of pain are used, based on various criteria: quality of the sensation, transmission velocity along fibers, body part where it is expressed, and location of the nociceptor. According to their evolution, pulpal conditions are classified into reversible pulpitis, transitional pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis and necrotic pulp. Pulpal pain has been classified according to the following variables: quality: sharp or continuous; cause: provoked or spontaneous; course: intermittent or continuous; location: limited to a region, radiating or referred; and intensity: mild, moderate or severe. The capacity of the nociceptive sensory system to distinguish the mode, time course, location and intensity of the stimulus makes it possible to recognize the different stages of a pulpal inflammatory process(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Toothache/physiopathology , Pain Measurement/methods , Nociceptive Pain/physiopathologyABSTRACT
La migraña es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, incapacitante y en algunas ocasiones de difícil manejo. Desde hace décadas se han planteado múltiples teorías para explicar su curso, su componente genético y la asociación a distintos factores de riesgo. Actualmente se desconoce una fisiopatología única y exacta que implique los eventos, y se ha encontrado fuerte evidencia que muestra que la teoría más antigua y con mayor sustento, a saber la teoría vascular, es en realidad incorrecta, pues no explica la totalidad de los eventos. Sin embargo, se han probado distintos mecanismos que, en conjunto, permiten comprender las alteraciones presentes. Entre estas se cuentan cambios estructurales, implicación de neuropéptidos, sensibilización, e inflamación neurogénica.
Migraine is a highly prevalent disease; it is disabling, and sometimes difficult to manage. For decades, many theories have been proposed to explain its course, its association with a genetic component and with different risk factors. There is currently no single and exact pathophysiology that accounts for all events, and strong evidence has been showing that the oldest theory believed to be mostly true, i.e. the vascular theory, is actually incorrect, because it does not explain the totality of the events. However, various mechanisms have been proven to exist, which together, provide insight into alterations, such as structural changes involving neuropeptides, sensitization, and neurogenic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Calcitonin , Migraine without Aura , InflammationABSTRACT
In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions (respiration, swallowing), oculomotor and visual systems, and the inner ear. Recent studies indicate a role for trigeminal afferents on body posture, but this has not yet been demonstrated conclusively. The present study aims to review the papers that have shown a relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. These studies suggest that tension in the stomatognathic system can contribute to impaired neural control of posture. Numerous anatomical connections between the stomatognathic system's proprioceptive inputs and nervous structures are implicated in posture (cerebellum, vestibular and oculomotor nuclei, superior colliculus). If the proprioceptive information of the stomatognathic system is inaccurate, then head control and body position may be affected. In addition, the present review discusses the role the myofascial system plays in posture. If confirmed by further research, these considerations can improve our understanding and treatment of muscular-skeletal disorders that are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders, occlusal changes, and tooth loss.