Lipidograma e sensibilidade à insulina em éguas Mangalarga Marchador / Lipidogram and insulin sensitivity in Mangalarga Marchador mares

A dislipidemia é um achado comum, porém não determinante, na síndrome metabólica equina (SME). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a dislipidemia em animais obesos com risco de SME. Para isso, 18 éguas foram alocadas em grupos, de acordo com escore corporal (EC) de 1 a 9: no grupo ideal, animais com EC de 4,5 a 5,5 (n= 6), no grupo sobrepeso, com EC de 6 a 7 (n= 6) e no grupo obeso, animais com EC de 7,5 a 9 (n= 6). Coletaram-se amostras de sangue em jejum de concentrado para determinação de triglicerídeos, colesterol total, glicemia e concentração de insulina. Valores preditivos de sensibilidade à insulina (RISQI) e de secreção ß-pancreática (MIRG) foram calculados. O grupo obeso apresentou níveis maiores em relação aos outros grupos de triglicerídeos (P=0,001) e acima do ideal em concentrações de colesterol (P=0,012). Não foi observada diferença nas concentrações plasmáticas de glicose (P=0,53), de insulina (P=0,10) ou de RISQI (P=0,46). Houve diferença entre os grupos nos valores de MIRG (P=0,048), tendo o grupo obeso obtido resultados maiores quando comparado com o grupo ideal. O aumento do EC foi associado ao aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol e triglicerídeos, o que caracteriza um estado de dislipidemia e de elevação da secreção das células ß-pancreáticas.(AU)

Increased indicators of fat metabolites are found in Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) subjects, although these parameters are not included in the EMS definition described in the literature and in its diagnosis. The objective of this study was to characterize dyslipidemia in obese insulin resistant mares. 18 mares were allocated in three groups according to body condition score (BCS) in a 1 to 9 scale. In the Ideal group there were animals with BCS 4.5 to 5.5 (n= 6), in the Overweight group, the BCS were 6 to 7 (n= 6), and in the Obese group (n= 6), BCS 7.5 to 9. Concentrate fasting blood samples were taken to determine triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin concentrations in plasma. Insulin sensitivity proxy (RISQI) and ß-pancreatic secretion proxy (MIRG) were calculated from glucose and insulin data. The Obese group had higher triglyceride levels (P= 0.001), compared to other groups, and higher total cholesterol compared to the Ideal Group (P= 0.012). No differences in plasma glucose (P= 0.53), insulin (P= 0.10) concentrations and insulin sensitivity (RISQI: P= 0.463) were seen among groups. The Obese Group had a higher ß-pancreatic secretion (MIRG: P= 0.048) compared to the Ideal Group. The increased BCS was related to the plasma fat metabolites a higher ß-pancreatic secretion.(AU)

Dislipidemia como factor de riesgo para enfermedad cerebrovascular: estudio de casos y controles / Dyslipidemia as risk factor for cerebrovascular disease: case-control study

Objetivo: Determinar si la dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo independiente para enfermedad cerebrovascular. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles pareados por edad y sexo. Los casos estuvieron conformados por pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y tomográfico de enfermedad cerebrovascular y los controles por pacientes con enfermedad distinta. A ambos grupos se les realizó dosaje sérico de colesterol total, LDLc y triglicéridos en las primeras 24 horas de su ingreso al hospital. Resultados: El total de pacientes estudiados fueron 160 (80 casos y 80 controles). La media para los casos fue de 64,92 ± 11,58 años y los controles 64,97 ± 11,42 años; el 63,75 % fueron del género masculino y 36,25 % del género femenino (p= 0,798, no significativo). La media de colesterol sérico, triglicéridos y LDLc en los casos fueron 191,4, 130,50 y 120,41 mg/dl y en los controles 210,16, 167,07 y 132,55; con p= 0,008, 0,001 y 0,060; respectivamente. El Odds ratio entre los casos y controles demuestra que la dislipidemia no incrementa el riesgo para enfermedad cerebrovascular (OR: 0,308). Conclusión: La dislipidemia no es un factor de riesgo independiente para enfermedad cerebrovascular.

Objetive: To determine whether dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Material and methods: A case-matched controls by age and sex was performed. The cases were composed of patients with clinical and tomographic diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and controls for patients with different disease. Both groups underwent dosage serum total cholesterol, LDLcholesterol and triglycerides in the first 24 hours of admission to hospital. Results: A total of 160 patients were studied (80 cases and 80 controls). The average for cases was 64.92 ± 11. 58 years and 64.97 ± 11.42 years controls; 63.75% were of male and 36.25% females (p = 0.798, not significant). Mean serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in the cases were 191.4, 130.50 and 120.41 mg / dl; with p = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.060 in cases and controls respectively. The odds ratio between cases and controls demonstrated that dyslipidemia does not increase the risk for cerebrovascular disease (OR: 0.308). Conclusion: dyslipidemia is not an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.

Beneficial effects of a flavanol-enriched cacao beverage on anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight subjects / Efectos beneficiosos de una bebida de cocoa enriquecida con flavanol en el perfil antropométrico y de riesgo cardiometabólico en sujetos con sobrepeso

Overweight and obesity are associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress which, in turn, enhance the development of cardiometabolic disruptions. Lifestyle changes and pharmacologic approaches show moderately effective results regarding overall health improvements. Evidence suggests that cacao flavonoids are associated with a reduced cardiometabolic risk, due to the modulation of molecular pathways subjacent to glucose and lipids metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cacao flavonoids supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight subjects. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial was conducted in overweight subjects with borderline criteria of metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to either, supplement of cacao flavonoids (80 mg) or placebo, daily, for 4 weeks. Cardiometabolic variables were blood pressure, glycemia and lipid profile. Serum markers of oxidative damage (free protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde) were also analyzed. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat and fat-free mass. We found significant reductions in body weight (p = 0.04), waist circumference (p = 0.03), triacylglycerols (p < 0.01), TG/HDL ratio (p = 0.01), MDA (p = 0.02) and protein carbonyls (p = 0.01) in the flavonoid-supplemented group. Results from this study show that cacao flavonoids can effectively modulate anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors.

El sobrepeso y la obesidad están asociados con la inflamación sistémica y el estrés oxidativo, que, a su vez, incrementan el desarrollo de trastornos cardiometabólicos. Cambios en el estilo de vida y tratamientos farmacológicos muestran resultados moderadamente eficaces en relación con la mejora general de la salud. La evidencia sugiere que los flavonoides del cacao se asocian con un riesgo cardiometabólico reducido, debido a la modulación de las vías moleculares subyacentes al metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la suplementación de flavonoides del cacao sobre factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y antropométrico en sujetos con sobrepeso. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico piloto, doble ciego y controlado con placebo en sujetos con sobrepeso y criterios limítrofes de síndrome metabólico. Los participantes fueron asignados al azar a cuatro semanas de tratamiento con suplemento oral de flavonoides de cacao (80 mg) diario o placebo. Las variables cardiometabólicas analizadas fueron presión arterial sistémica, glicemia y perfil lipídico. También se analizaron los marcadores séricos de estrés oxidativo (carbonilos proteicos libres y malondialdehído). Las medidas antropométricas incluyeron el peso corporal, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, masa grasa y masa libre de grasa. Se encontró una reducción significativa en el peso corporal (p = 0.04), circunferencia de la cintura (p = 0.03), triglicéridos (p < 0.01), la relación TG/HDL (p = 0.01), MDA (p = 0.02) y carbonilos (p = 0.01) en el grupo con suplemento de flavonoides. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los flavonoides del cacao pueden modular efectivamente factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y antropométricos.