ABSTRACT
A young male patient with abdominal pain and fever was diagnosed as acute hyper-triglyceridemicpancreatitis is clear. During the recovery of pancreatitis, the patient developed acute acalculous cholecystitis, as well as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter infection and Cytomegaloviremia, and had anaphylaxis for several times after the use of antibiotics, which cannot be completely explained by drug allergy. This paper analyzes the possible causes of multiple diseases in the same patient in detail.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor with an increasing occurrence in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim: To determine the distribution of elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and assess the level of awareness of dyslipidemias in the general adult population of Ngaoundere, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from February to December 2015 in Ngaoundere town. Following a three-stage sampling method, a total 932 participants of at least 20 years old were enrolled. Demographic data were collected, and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Results: The overall prevalence of raised cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 25.97% (n=242) and 5.26% (n=49) respectively. The overall mean concentrations of TC and TG were 207.30± 54.18 mg/dL and 105.49 ± 51.22 mg/dL respectively. The population’s level of awareness of dyslipidemias was recorded at 0.77% (n=2), and no participant was on lipid-lowering drugs. The 40-64 years (OR:2.21, P<0.001) and ≥ 60 years (OR:2.19, P=0.006) age ranges, abdominal obesity (OR:1.76, P=0.026) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR:4.53, P<0.001) were independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, while the age range 40-64 years (OR:2.11, P=0.027), hypertension (OR:2.38, P=0.011) and hypercholesterolemia (OR:4.63,P<0.001) were independently associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The present study portrayed a high prevalence of elevated serum cholesterol level, a very low level of awareness and poor treatment coverage of dyslipidemias in the Ngaoundere population while reaffirming the relationships between advance age, abdominal obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemias.
ABSTRACT
Overweight and obesity are associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress which, in turn, enhance the development of cardiometabolic disruptions. Lifestyle changes and pharmacologic approaches show moderately effective results regarding overall health improvements. Evidence suggests that cacao flavonoids are associated with a reduced cardiometabolic risk, due to the modulation of molecular pathways subjacent to glucose and lipids metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cacao flavonoids supplementation on anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight subjects. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial was conducted in overweight subjects with borderline criteria of metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to either, supplement of cacao flavonoids (80 mg) or placebo, daily, for 4 weeks. Cardiometabolic variables were blood pressure, glycemia and lipid profile. Serum markers of oxidative damage (free protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde) were also analyzed. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat and fat-free mass. We found significant reductions in body weight (p = 0.04), waist circumference (p = 0.03), triacylglycerols (p < 0.01), TG/HDL ratio (p = 0.01), MDA (p = 0.02) and protein carbonyls (p = 0.01) in the flavonoid-supplemented group. Results from this study show that cacao flavonoids can effectively modulate anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors.
El sobrepeso y la obesidad están asociados con la inflamación sistémica y el estrés oxidativo, que, a su vez, incrementan el desarrollo de trastornos cardiometabólicos. Cambios en el estilo de vida y tratamientos farmacológicos muestran resultados moderadamente eficaces en relación con la mejora general de la salud. La evidencia sugiere que los flavonoides del cacao se asocian con un riesgo cardiometabólico reducido, debido a la modulación de las vías moleculares subyacentes al metabolismo de la glucosa y de los lípidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la suplementación de flavonoides del cacao sobre factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y antropométrico en sujetos con sobrepeso. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico piloto, doble ciego y controlado con placebo en sujetos con sobrepeso y criterios limítrofes de síndrome metabólico. Los participantes fueron asignados al azar a cuatro semanas de tratamiento con suplemento oral de flavonoides de cacao (80 mg) diario o placebo. Las variables cardiometabólicas analizadas fueron presión arterial sistémica, glicemia y perfil lipídico. También se analizaron los marcadores séricos de estrés oxidativo (carbonilos proteicos libres y malondialdehído). Las medidas antropométricas incluyeron el peso corporal, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, masa grasa y masa libre de grasa. Se encontró una reducción significativa en el peso corporal (p = 0.04), circunferencia de la cintura (p = 0.03), triglicéridos (p < 0.01), la relación TG/HDL (p = 0.01), MDA (p = 0.02) y carbonilos (p = 0.01) en el grupo con suplemento de flavonoides. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los flavonoides del cacao pueden modular efectivamente factores de riesgo cardiometabólico y antropométricos.