Comparative study on the ability of active ingredients in Jinfukang to decrease neutrophils recruiting by lung cancer circulating tumor cells / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AiM: To observe the recruitment effect of lung cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) on neutrophils, and find out the effective components of jinfukang in inhibiting the recruitment of neutrophils by CTCs. METHODS: The ability of human lung adenocarcinoma circulating tumor cells CTC-TjH-01 cells to recruit neutrophils from whole blood leukocytes, and the effect of jinfukang and its six active ingredients on the recruitment of neutrophils by CTCs was detected by flow cytometry. CCK-8 assay was used to observe cell viability to determine the concentration of action; transwell chemotaxis assay was used to detect the effect of six active ingredients on the chemotaxis of CTC-TjH-01 cells to neutrophils. RESULTS: CTCTjH-01 cells could increase the recruitment of neutrophils compared to blank control (p < 0.01); after the effect of jinfukang, the neutrophils recruited by CTC-TjH-01 cells decreased (p < 0.01). Trigonelline and Ophiopogonin W reduced neutrophil recruitment to CTC-TjH-01 cells at concentrations that had no effect on cell viability (p < 0.01), trigonelline had the best effect; the chemotaxis of CTC-TjH-01 cells to neutrophils was weakened by trigonelline, astragaloside IVz and Ophiopogon pol-ysaccharide (p < 0.05), and trigonelline had the best effect. CONCLUSiON: jinfukang can inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils by circulating tumor cells, and trigonelline, an effective monomer with "Fuzheng" effect in jinfukang, can significantly inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils by circulating tumor cells in lung cancer, which proves that trigonelline may have the potential to inhibit lung cancer metastasis through targeting neutrophils.

The protective effect of trigonelline on H / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the protective effect of trigonelline on H

Application prospects of trigonelline in regulating metabolic disorders after renal transplantation / 器官移植

Metabolic disorders, such as glucose and lipid, are likely to occur after renal transplantation, leading to graft dysfunction and reduced long-term survival. Trigonelline is a type of natural alkaloid with various biological activities, which can alleviate the metabolic disorders of glucose, lipid and other types, and relieve inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis of the kidney, thereby protecting the renal function. Therefore, trigonelline may be a potential drug to regulate metabolic disorders after renal transplantation. In this article, the role of trigonelline in metabolic disorders of glucose, lipid and other types, and its application prospect in renal transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for alleviating metabolic disorders after renal transplantation and improving the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients and transplanted kidneys.

Determinación de rutina y trigonelina en extractos de hojas de Bauhinia forficata subsp. pruinosa y evaluación del efecto hipoglicemiante en humanos / Determination of rutin and trigonelline in extracts of Bauhinia forficata subsp. pruinosa and hypoglycemic effect on diabetic and prediabetic patients humans

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and an important cardiovascular risk factor with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Phytotherapy can be an useful complement in the treatment of chronic diseases, so the hypoglycemic effect of Bauhinia forficata (L) subsp. pruinosa (Fabaceae) was evaluated, as used in Chilean traditional medicine. The content of rutin (R) and trigonelline (T) in aqueous extracts (0.15 and 1.0 percent infusions) and lyophilized extract from leaves of B. forficata were determined by HPLC. It was obtained 2.80 ugR/mL and 2.87 ugT/mL for 0.15 percent infusion, 12.48 ugR/mL and 16.24 ugT/mL for 1.0 percent infusion, and 5.70 ugR/mL and 8.14 ugT/mL for the lyophilized extract (0.1percent). Subsequently, a pilot clinical study in diabetic and prediabetic volunteers (n = 15) was performed, taking one dose of the 0.15 percent infusion, three times a day after meals, for 3 months. The results showed a significant statistically reduction in percent of HbA1c of 0.57 +/- 0.83 (p = 0.0179), suggesting that the 0.15 percent infusion of B. forficata could be useful in the prevention or complementary treatment of diabetes...

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una alteración metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia crónica, y un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular con elevada morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. La Fitoterapia puede ser un complemento útil en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas, por lo que se evaluó el efecto hipoglicemiante de Bauhinia forficata (L) subsp. pruinosa (Fabaceae), según su uso en medicina tradicional Chilena. Se determinó mediante HPLC el contenido de rutina (R) y trigonelina (T) en infusos (0.15 por ciento y 1.0 por ciento) y extracto acuoso liofilizado de las hojas de B. forficata. Se obtuvo para el infuso 0.15 por ciento = 2.80 ugR/mL y 2.87 ugT/mL, infuso 1.0 por ciento = 12.48 ugR/mL y 16.24 ugT/mL, y en el extracto liofilizado 0.1 por ciento = 5.70 ugR/mL y 8.14 ugT/mL. Posteriormente, se realizó un estudio clínico piloto en voluntarios diabéticos y prediabéticos (n = 15), tomando una dosis del infuso al 0.15 por ciento, tres veces al día después de las comidas, durante 3 meses. Los resultados mostraron una reducción estadísticamente significativa del por ciento de HbA1c de 0.57 +/- 0.83 (p = 0.0179), sugiriendo que el infuso de hojas de B. forficata (0.15 por ciento) podría ser útil en la prevención o tratamiento complementario de la diabetes...

Protection effect of trigonelline on liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

Objective: To study the effect of trigonelline on the change of indicators of serum transaminase, lipoprotein and liver lipid of model rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and on the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. Methods: A total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group and trigonelline intervention group. Rats in the control group were fed with the common diet, while rats in the model group and intervention group were fed with the high fat diet. 8 weeks later, the intervention group received the intragastric administration of trigonellin e (with the dosage of 40 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks; while control group and model group received the intragastric administration of saline with the equal dosage. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats 8 weeks later, detecting the level of a series of indicators of ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the serum. After the rats were sacrificed, detect the indicators of TG, TC, SOD and MDA in the liver tissue of rats, as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver tissue. Results: Results of histopathologic examination showed that the damage degree of liver for rats in the trigonelline intervention group was smaller than the one in the model group, with significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and the partially visible hepatic lobule. The levels of ALT, AST, TC and LDL-C in the serum of rats in the trigonelline group were significantly reduced, while the change in the levels of TG and HDL-C was not significantly different. The levels of TG, TC and MDA in the liver tissues were significantly decreased, while the level of SOD significantly increased; the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the liver tissues of rats in the trigonelline intervention group was significantly increased, while the expression of Bax protein significantly decreased. Conclusions: The trigonelline contributes to the therapeutic effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. It can also increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decrease the expression of Bax protein in the liver tissues, which can protect the liver.

Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells

Objective: To elucidate the key parameters associated with hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of trigonelline (TG) for reducing the H2O2 induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol. Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry, general PCR and qPCR. Results: It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with TG attenuated H2O2 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity. In addition, TG regulated the apoptotic gene caspase-3, caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, Bcl-XL during H2O2 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. These results were comparable with quercetin treatment. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the H2O2 induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of TG concentration against H2O2 could induce the necrosis and apoptosis along with H2O2. Conclusions: It is suggested that less than 125 μ M of TG could protect the cells from H2O2 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Therefore, we suggest the trigonelline could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular diseases in future.

Protection effect of trigonelline on liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of trigonelline on the change of indicators of serum transaminase, lipoprotein and liver lipid of model rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and on the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.@*METHODS@#A total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group and trigonelline intervention group. Rats in the control group were fed with the common diet, while rats in the model group and intervention group were fed with the high fat diet. 8 weeks later, the intervention group received the intragastric administration of trigonellin e (with the dosage of 40 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks; while control group and model group received the intragastric administration of saline with the equal dosage. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats 8 weeks later, detecting the level of a series of indicators of ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the serum. After the rats were sacrificed, detect the indicators of TG, TC, SOD and MDA in the liver tissue of rats, as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver tissue.@*RESULTS@#Results of histopathologic examination showed that the damage degree of liver for rats in the trigonelline intervention group was smaller than the one in the model group, with significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and the partially visible hepatic lobule. The levels of ALT, AST, TC and LDL-C in the serum of rats in the trigonelline group were significantly reduced, while the change in the levels of TG and HDL-C was not significantly different. The levels of TG, TC and MDA in the liver tissues were significantly decreased, while the level of SOD significantly increased; the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the liver tissues of rats in the trigonelline intervention group was significantly increased, while the expression of Bax protein significantly decreased.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The trigonelline contributes to the therapeutic effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. It can also increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decrease the expression of Bax protein in the liver tissues, which can protect the liver.

Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells

OBJECTIVE@#To elucidate the key parameters associated with hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of trigonelline (TG) for reducing the H2O2 induced toxicity in H9c2 cells.@*METHODS@#Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol. Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry, general PCR and qPCR.@*RESULTS@#It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with TG attenuated H2O2 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity. In addition, TG regulated the apoptotic gene caspase-3, caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, Bcl-XL during H2O2 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. These results were comparable with quercetin treatment. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the H2O2 induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of TG concentration against H2O2 could induce the necrosis and apoptosis along with H2O2.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is suggested that less than 125 μ M of TG could protect the cells from H2O2 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Therefore, we suggest the trigonelline could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular diseases in future.

Protection effect of trigonelline on liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases

Objective:To study the effect of trigonelline on the change of indicators of serum transaminase, lipoprotein and liver lipid of model rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and on the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.Methods:A total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into Fthe control group, model group and trigonelline intervention group. Rats in the control group were fed with the common diet, while rats in the model group and intervention group were fed with the high fat diet. 8 weeks later, the intervention group received the intragastric administration of trigonellin e (with the dosage of 40 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks; while control group and model group received the intragastric administration of saline with the equal dosage. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats 8 weeks later, detecting the level of a series of indicators of ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the serum. After the rats were sacrificed, detect the indicators of TG, TC, SOD and MDA in the liver tissue of rats, as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver tissue.Results: Results of histopathologic examination showed that the damage degree of liver for rats in the trigonellineintervention group was smaller than the one in the model group, with significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and the partially visible hepatic lobule. The levels of ALT, AST, TC and LDL-C in the serum of rats in the trigonelline group were significantly reduced, while the change in the levels of TG and HDL-C was not significantly different. The levels of TG, TC and MDA in the liver tissues were significantly decreased, while the level of SOD significantly increased; the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the liver tissues of rats in the trigonelline intervention group was significantly increased, while the expression of Bax protein significantly decreased.Conclusions: The trigonelline contributes to the therapeutic effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. It can also increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decrease the expression of Bax protein in the liver tissues, which can protect the liver.

Trigonelline protects the cardiocyte from hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells

Objective: To elucidate the key parameters associated with hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and investigates the mechanism of trigonelline (TG) for reducing the H2O2 induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of TG was assessed by EZ-CYTOX kit. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesized according to the kit manufacture protocol. Apoptosis was measured by the Flowcytometry, general PCR and qPCR. Results: It was found that the TG significantly rescued the morphology of the H9c2 cells. Treatment of cells with TG attenuated H2O2 induced cell deaths and improved the antioxidant activity. In addition, TG regulated the apoptotic gene caspase-3, caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, Bcl-XL during H2O2 induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. These results were comparable with quercetin treatment. For evident, flow cytometer results also confirmed the TG significantly reduced the H2O2 induced necrosis and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. However, further increment of TG concentration against H2O2 could induce the necrosis and apoptosis along with H2O2. Conclusions: It is suggested that less than 125 μM of TG could protect the cells from H2O2 induced cell damage by down regulating the caspases and up regulating the Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. Therefore, we suggest the trigonelline could be useful for treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular diseases in future.

Protective effect of trigonelline on rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the protective effects of trigonelline in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia /reoxygenation and its mechanism .Methods The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was randomly divided into the normal control group , the hypoxia/reoxygenation group and the trigonelline group .Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential .The levels of SOD and MDA were measured in different groups .Western blot method was used to measure the procaspase‐9 ,cleaved caspase‐9 ,procaspase‐3 and cleaved caspase‐3 protein level .Results Trigonelline could inhibit apoptosis (P<0 .05) ,enhanced activity of SOD (P<0 .05) ,reduce production of MDA (P<0 .05) ,stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0 .05) and activate caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation .Conclusion Trigo‐nelline could protect myocardial cells from injury caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation ,and the mechanism may be associated with anti‐lipid peroxidation and stabilizing mitochondria membrane potential .

Comparative Study of Calix-6-arene, 2-Hydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrin and 18-Crown-6 as Ionophores in Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Extract and Plasma.

The present work evaluates the influence of Calix-6-arene, 2-hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin and 18-crown-6 as ionophores on the fabrication of trigonelline selective electrodes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The three proposed sensors showed Nernstian slopes of 59, 60 and 55.75 mV/concentration decades over pH range 4-9 for sensors 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Both sensors 1 and 2 covered the concentration range 10-3 – 10-5 M, while sensor 3 showed linear response over the range 10-2 – 10-4 M. The proposed sensors offer the advantages of fast response and moderate stability time. The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicated excellent selectivity for trigonelline. The proposed electrodes were successfully applied for direct determination of trigonelline in pure form, Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma without prior separation or pretreatment steps. The proposed sensors can be used in quality control labs and in clinical trails for routine analysis of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma.

Comparative Study of Calix-6-arene, 2-Hydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrin and 18-Crown-6 as Ionophores in Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds Extract and Plasma.

The present work evaluates the influence of Calix-6-arene, 2-hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin and 18-crown-6 as ionophores on the fabrication of trigonelline selective electrodes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The three proposed sensors showed Nernstian slopes of 59, 60 and 55.75 mV/concentration decades over pH range 4-9 for sensors 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Both sensors 1 and 2 covered the concentration range 10-3 – 10-5 M, while sensor 3 showed linear response over the range 10-2 – 10-4 M. The proposed sensors offer the advantages of fast response and moderate stability time. The selectivity coefficients of the developed sensors indicated excellent selectivity for trigonelline. The proposed electrodes were successfully applied for direct determination of trigonelline in pure form, Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma without prior separation or pretreatment steps. The proposed sensors can be used in quality control labs and in clinical trails for routine analysis of trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract and plasma.

Chemical constituents from Leonurus japonicus Injection / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Leonurus japonicus Injection. Methods: The constituents were purified by macroporus resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and recrystallization. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and spectroscopic analysis. Results: Fifteen compounds were isolated from L. japonicus Injection, including four amino acids and their derivatives such as N-isobutyl valine (1), valine (2), alanine (3), L-pyroglutamic acid methyl ester (4), nine alkaloids: stachydrine (5), choline (6), trigonelline (7), uracil (8), 5-methyluracil (9), 2', 3'-O-isopropylidene uridine (10), 3-hydroxypyridine (11), 5-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (12), and 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (13); and two furoic acids such as furan-2- carboxylic acid (14) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxyic acid (15). Conclusion: In addition to compounds 5 and 8, the others are isolated from the plants of Leonurus Linn. for the first time. Among them, compound 1 is a natural product. Its NMR data, undoubtedly assigned by 2D-NMR, have been reported for the first time.

Content Determination of Trigonelline in Wild and Cultivated Himalaica Mirabilis of Different Districts / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To compare differences and similarities of the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. Methods An HPLC method was established to determine the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis. ZORBAX XDB-CN column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03%acetic acid (85∶15), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength of 265 nm, determination wavelength of 360 nm, and column temperature of 30 ℃. Results Regression calculation was made on peak area with the reference solution concentration, and then got the regression equation A=23.409C-26.398, r=0.999 8. Trigonelline showed good linear relation with peak area among the range of 2.004-200.400 μg/mL. The average recovery of trigonelline was 99.57%, RSD=1.11%. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the content of trigonelline of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. This study laid the foundation of application of the cultivated Himalaica mirabilis.

Effect of Different Compatibilities of Shuangxia Soup on Extraction Yield of Trigonelline and Uracil / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the effect of pinellia combined with prunella vulgarisin of different ratios on the extraction yield of trigonellin and uracil, in order to investigate the changing disciplines and reasonable com-bination of Shuangxia Soup. A Welch Ultimate AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used in the study. The mobile phase, consisting of solvent A (water) and solvent B (acetonitrile) was programmed as a linear gradi-ent. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. And the detection wavelength was 265 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. HPLC was used in the determination of extraction yield of trigonellin and uracil for the comparison among different compatibilities. The results showed that the linearity was achieved in the range of 0.872-4.36 ng for trigonelline, and 10.8-50.4 ng for uracil. The average recoveries were 96.53%-101.48%, with RSD of 0.18%-4.26%. Com-pared with pinellia, the extraction yield of trigonelline was reduced and the extraction yield of uracil was increased after the compatibility. It was concluded that different compatibilities of Shuangxia Soup had effects on the extrac-tion yield of trigonelline and uracil. The best compatibility ratio still requires in-depth study.

Therapeutic effects of standardized fenugreek seed extract on experimental urolithiasis in rats.

The objective of the present study was to investigate therapeutic efficacy of standardized fenugreek seed extract with trigonelline as marker (SFSE-T) in experimental urolithiasis in rats. Effects of subacute oral treatments of SFSE-T (30 and 60 mg/kg) and reference anti-urolithiasis drug, Cystone (750 mg/kg) were evaluated against 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1 % w/v ammonium chloride (AC) induced urolithiasis in rats. The biochemical (urinary and serum) and histopathological parameters were investigated. Subacute oral treatment of SFSE-T (60 mg/kg) showed reversal of EG+AC induced changes in urine (decreased 24-h urine output, pH, excretion of creatinine, citrate, and chloride and increased uric acid and oxalate excretion) and serum (increased creatine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen) parameters and decreased creatine clearance. Histopathology examination of the kidneys sections from SFSE-T (60 mg/kg) treated rats showed lowered number of crystals, cell damage and tubulointerstitial damage index as compared with EG+AC control rats. Standardized fenugreek seed extracts showed promising therapeutic effect against experimental urolithiasis in rats.

Studies on trigonelline from Moringa oleifera and its in vitro regulation by feeding precursor in cell cultures

Trigonelline (N-methylnicotinate) biosynthesized from nicotinate is one of the metabolically active pyridine alkaloid, widely distributed in plant kingdom. In the present study trigonelline has been isolated from various plant parts and callus cultures of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, and was identified using TLC, GLC, GC-MS, which was comparable to that of the standard trigonelline. The trigonelline recovery was found to be maximum in the pods and minimum in flowers. In order to enhance the production of trigonelline in vitro grown cultures, different treatment doses of nicotinic acid (250, 500 and 750 mg L-1) were supplemented in the medium as precursor. Maximum increase (up to 1.10 fold) was observed in the treatment dose of 500 mg L-1 of nicotinic acid.

Compostos não voláteis em cafés da região sul de minas submetidos a diferentes pontos de torração / Non-volatile compounds in coffee from the south of Minas Gerais state region submitted to different roasting degrees

O processo de torração do café induz alterações físicas, químicas e sensoriais na matéria-prima, cuja intensidade e tipo dependem, principalmente, da composição química dos grãos e do tempo e temperatura utilizados na execução do mesmo. Este processo promove a degradação, formação e volatilização de vários compostos. Comercialmente, existem cafés torrados e moídos em diferentes pontos de torração, os quais originam bebidas com diferentes propriedades sensoriais e nutricionais. Os compostos trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína interferem no sabor e aroma do café. A trigonelina e os ácidos clorogênicos vêm sendo estudados também quanto ao aspecto nutricional, uma vez que esses compostos possuem ação benéfica à saúde. Esses compostos são solúveis em água quente, portanto, estarão presentes na bebida em função da sua estabilidade no processo de torração. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar as concentrações dos compostos trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína em cafés da espécie Coffea arabica L. classificados como bebida mole, dura e rio submetidos a três pontos de torração: claro, médio e escuro. As torrações mais acentuadas promoveram uma maior degradação de trigonelina e ácido 5-cafeoilquínico, enquanto que a torração clara promoveu degradação apenas para o ácido clorogênico, não interferindo nas concentrações de trigonelina. A degradação da cafeína não ocorreu em nenhum ponto de torração.

The roasting process of coffee induces sensorial, chemical and physical alterations in the raw material. The type and intensity of the process depend mainly on the chemical composition of the grains and on the time and temperature used. This process promotes the degradation, formation and volatilisation of several compounds. There are roast and ground coffees submitted to different roasting conditions available in the market, which give origin to beverages with different sensorial and nutritional properties. The compounds trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine interfere with the flavor of the coffee. The trigonelline and the chlorogenic acids were studied considering their nutritional aspect as well, since these compounds and"or their degradation products have a beneficial action to our health. These compounds are soluble in hot water therefore they will be present in the beverage depending on their stability through the roasting process. The aim of this work was to asses the concentrations of trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine in coffees of the species Coffea arabica, classified as soft, hard, and rio which were submitted to three roasting degrees: light, medium, and dark. The most intense roasting process generated a greater degradation of trigonelline and 5-caffeoilquinic (5-CQA) while the light roasting caused degradation just of the chlorogenic acid, not interfering with the trigonelline concentrations. Caffeine was not degraded at any roasting degree.

Quality Criteria of Lianqi Bushen Capsule / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Lianqi bushen capsule.METHODS: TLC was employed to identify Panax ginseng in Lianqi bushen capsule,while the content of trigonelline was determined by RP-HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)column and mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.05%sodium dodecyl sulfonate-acetic acid(20 ∶ 80 ∶ 0.1)with flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm and column temperature was set at 30 ℃.RESULTS:P.ginseng can be identified by TLC.The linear range of trigonelline was 10～200 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) and average recovery was 98.86%(RSD=1.4%,n=5).CONCLUSION:The standard is used for the quality control of Lianqi bushen capsule.