ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: se ha descrito el riesgo aumentado de muerte súbita y hospitalización por hyperkalemia en pacientes que consumen medicamentos ahorradores de potasio y trimetoprim, motivo por el cual se buscó determinar la frecuencia de la potencial interacción entre espironolactona y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol en pacientes mayores de 60 años de Colombia. Métodos: estudio observacional. De una base de datos de 3.6 millones de personas se seleccionaron pacientes mayores de 60 años que recibieron espironolactona de manera ambulatoria por al menos tres meses consecutivos y pacientes con prescripción de trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol entre el 1° de agosto de 2014 y 31 de julio de 2015. Posteriormente se identificaron aquellos con prescripción conjunta durante un mismo mes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, uso concomitante de inhibidores de sistema renina angiotensina, diuréticos e inotrópicos. Resultados: durante el año de estudio, se encontraron 8941 pacientes mayores de 60 años con prescripción continua de espironolactona, y 8028 pacientes con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. Su prescripción conjunta fue detectada en 77 pacientes (0.8% de pacientes con espironolactona), con una incidencia acumulada de 0.86 casos por 100 pacientes-espironolactona/año. La edad promedio de estos pacientes fue 79.1 ± 14 años, 57.1% fueron hombres, y la ciudad con más presentación de casos fue Cali (13% del total). El 68.8% de los casos tuvieron además medicación concomitante con losartan y 62.3% con furosemida. Conclusiones: la interacción entre espironolactona y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol en una población colombiana, es relativamente poco frecuente; sin embargo, debido a los riesgos a los que se expone el paciente anciano es relevante por sus implicaciones en morbilidad y mortalidad, requiriendo ser conocida y monitoreada por el médico prescriptor. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 189-192).
Abstract Introduction: The increased risk of sudden death and hospitalization due to hyperkalemia in patients consuming potassium-sparing drugs and trimethoprim has been described. Therefore, the frequency of the potential interaction between spironolactone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients older than 60 years of Colombia was sought. Methods: observational study. From a database of 3.6 million people, patients older than 60 years who received spironolactone on an outpatient basis for at least three consecutive months and patients with a prescription for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole between 08/01/2014 and 07/31/2015 were selected. Subsequently, those with joint prescription during the same month were identified. Sociodemographic variables, concomitant use of renin angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics and inotropes were included. Results: During the year of study, 8941 patients older than 60 years with continuous spironolactone prescription, and 8028 patients with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were found. Its co-prescription was detected in 77 patients (0.8% of patients with spironolactone), with a cumulative incidence of 0.86 cases per 100 patients-spironolactone / year. The mean age of these patients was 79.1 ± 14 years, 57.1% were men, and the city with the most cases was Cali (13% of the total). 68.8% of the cases also had concomitant medication with losartan and 62.3% with furosemide. Conclusions: The interaction between spironolactone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a Colombian population is relatively infrequent; however, due to the risks to which the elderly patient is exposed, it is relevant because of its morbidity and mortality implications, requiring to be known and monitored by the prescribing physician. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42:189-192).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Spironolactone , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination , Pharmacoepidemiology , Geriatrics , HyperkalemiaABSTRACT
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging pathogen associated with morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The treatment of S. maltophilia infection is challenging because clinical isolates are frequently resistant to most antimicrobial agents except trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). S. maltophilia osteomyelitis is a rare disease and requires a prolonged treatment with TMP-SMX. Here, we report an interesting case of a patient with S. maltophilia osteomyelitis who developed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction during TMP-SMX treatment and successfully treated after desensitization. TMP-SMX desensitization should be considered in patients with hypersensitivity to TMP-SMX, especially when there are no effective alternative drugs in S. maltophilia infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents , Desensitization, Immunologic , Hypersensitivity , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Mortality , Osteomyelitis , Rare Diseases , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationABSTRACT
With increase of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI), other treatment option with a therapeutic efficacy and a low antibiotic selective pressure is necessary. In this study, we evaluated in vitro susceptibility of E. coli isolates from CA-UTI to fosfomycin (FM), nitrofurantoin (NI), temocillin (TMO) as well as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and cefepime (FEP). The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test or agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, using 346 E. coli collected in 12 Korean hospitals from March 2010 to February 2011. FM, NI and TMO showed an excellent susceptibility profile; FM 100% (346/346), TMO 96.8% (335/346), and NI 99.4% (344/346). Conversely, resistance rates of CIP and SMX were 22% (76/346) and 29.2% (101/349), respectively. FEP still retained an activity of 98.5%. In Korea, NI and TMO in addition to FM are a good therapeutic option for uncomplicated CA-UTI, especially for lower UTI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cephalosporins/administration & dosage , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Fosfomycin/administration & dosage , Nitrofurantoin/administration & dosage , Penicillins/administration & dosage , Republic of Korea , Sulfadoxine/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Trimethoprim/administration & dosage , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
With increase of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI), other treatment option with a therapeutic efficacy and a low antibiotic selective pressure is necessary. In this study, we evaluated in vitro susceptibility of E. coli isolates from CA-UTI to fosfomycin (FM), nitrofurantoin (NI), temocillin (TMO) as well as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and cefepime (FEP). The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by E-test or agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, using 346 E. coli collected in 12 Korean hospitals from March 2010 to February 2011. FM, NI and TMO showed an excellent susceptibility profile; FM 100% (346/346), TMO 96.8% (335/346), and NI 99.4% (344/346). Conversely, resistance rates of CIP and SMX were 22% (76/346) and 29.2% (101/349), respectively. FEP still retained an activity of 98.5%. In Korea, NI and TMO in addition to FM are a good therapeutic option for uncomplicated CA-UTI, especially for lower UTI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cephalosporins/administration & dosage , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Fosfomycin/administration & dosage , Nitrofurantoin/administration & dosage , Penicillins/administration & dosage , Republic of Korea , Sulfadoxine/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Trimethoprim/administration & dosage , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who had cholestasis after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination therapy. Liver biopsy was performed 36 days after the onset of jaundice because of no evidence of improving cholestasis. Liver histology revealed portal inflammation, bile plug, and biliary stasis around the central vein with the loss of the interlobular bile ducts. Immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin 7 and 19 were negative. These findings were consistent with those of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS). Chlestasis was progressively improved with dose increment of urosodeoxycholic acid from conventional to high dose. This is the first case report of trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole associated VBDS in Korean children. The case suggests that differential diagnosis of VBDS should be considered in case of progressive cholestatic hepatitis with elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase after or during taking medicine to treat nonhepatobiliary diseases illness.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Alkaline Phosphatase , Bile Ducts , Bile , Biopsy , Cholestasis , Coloring Agents , Diagnosis, Differential , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Hepatitis , Inflammation , Jaundice , Keratin-7 , Liver , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination , VeinsABSTRACT
Mycetoma is a chronic infection that affects skin, subcutaneous tissue and bone. Its etiology can be mycotic or bacterial. It affects mainly the lower extremities ofmiddie age men livingin tropical climates. We repon a 44 year-old male ¡ivingin a template zone, consulting for swelling and pain in the left foot, lasting for 10 years. Physical examination showed a swollen left foot with hyperpigmented skin and a few crustedpapules. Radiology showed an extensive bone involvement of the midfoot with several oval and radiolucid images. Magnetic resonance showed son and bone tissue involvement, with múltiple oval and low intensity images in TI and T2. The biopsy was compatible with an unspecific chronic osteomyelitis. A bacterial identification by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in the biopsy determined the presence of an Actinomadura madurae. Treatment with cotrimoxazol was started).
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Actinomycetales/genetics , Foot Dermatoses/microbiology , Mycetoma/microbiology , Actinomycetales/classification , Actinomycetales/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Foot Dermatoses/diagnosis , Foot Dermatoses/drug therapy , Mycetoma/diagnosis , Mycetoma/drug therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Sulfametoxazol e trimetoprima (cotrimoxazol) é uma combinação de drogas amplamente usada no tratamento e profilaxia de inúmeras infecções sistêmicas. Esta droga e outras derivadas da sulfa podem causar uma síndrome ocular rara caracterizada por efusão coroidal supracililar com miopização transitória e glaucoma por fechamento angular. A maioria dos autores atribui o glaucoma ao edema do corpo ciliar que leva ao deslocamento anterior do diafragma irido-cristaliniano causando fechamento do ângulo camerular. Este trabalho descreve um caso raro no qual a síndrome ocorreu após o uso desta combinação de drogas e evoluiu para um desfecho desfavorável. Paciente de 49 anos, sexo masculino, branco com diagnóstico de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida iniciou tratamento profilático para Pneumocystis carinii com cotrimoxazol. Quatro dias após, apresentou quadro de dor ocular, hiperemia e quemose conjuntival, glaucoma agudo por fechamento angular com pressões intra-oculares maiores que 50 mmHg e efusão coroidal 360°, com os achados presentes nos dois olhos. Nesse mesmo dia, a medicação foi suspensa com diminuição da pressão intra-ocular após quatro dias. O paciente evoluiu com catarata total e phthisis bulbi bilateral nos dois meses subseqüentes. Os casos já descritos mencionam a melhora clínica completa do quadro ocular após a suspensão da medicação. Este seria o primeiro caso na literatura no qual a evolução foi desfavorável apesar do diagnóstico e da suspensão precoce da medicação causadora.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) is an antibiotic combination widely used for infections treatment and prophylaxis. These and others sulfonamides have been implicated in a rare syndrome of choroidal effusion with transient myopia and angle-closure glaucoma. Previous cases reported in literature evolved to complete resolution after drug withdrawal. In contrast, we describe a rare case in which a patient developed the syndrome while taking cotrimoxazole, but did not recover visual acuity. A 49-year-old man started Pneumocystis carini prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole; four days later, the patient presented severe ocular pain, hyperemia and chemosis. Intraocular pressure reached more than 50 mmHg in both eyes a 360° choroidal effusion occurred. Medication was removed soon after the diagnosis was suspected and intraocular pressure decreased in four days. Even so total cataract and phthisis bulbi occurred in both eyes two months later. This would be the first case in the literature in which the outcome was unfavorable despite early diagnosis and withdrawal of the drug.