Advanced paternal age effect on trisomy X syndrome

@#Advanced parental age is a risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities in their offspring. Trisomy X or Triple X syndrome has previously been reported with advanced maternal age. Here we report two (2) cases of Trisomy X with paternal age as risk factor. Generally, Trisomy X individuals show variable physical and psychological manifestations. However, both cases reported here have advanced paternal age as a risk factor; 55 years old (46 years old at conception) for Case 1 with patient having right eye squint, beaked nose, Posterior Misalignment Type Ventricular Septal Defect (PMVSD) and small Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) with failure to thrive and 49 years old (45 years old at conception) for Case 2 with speech delay and protruding tongue. In view of that, advanced paternal age could possibly contribute the accumulation of de novo mutations in germ line mosaicism.

Diagnóstico prenatal de un feto con doble trisomía con cariotipo 48 XXX +18: reporte de un caso / Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with double trisomy with karyotype 48 XXX +18: A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico prenatal de doble aneuploidia es muy raro, incluso la variante de doble trisomía, que implica la expresion de los cromosomas 18 y X. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 43 años, con antecedentes ginecoobstétricos de cuatro embarazos y tres partos, enviada de su centro de salud, en curso del cuarto embarazo. A su ingreso al Hospital de la Mujer, el estudio ecográfico reportó un embarazo de 24.3 semanas de gestación, con feto único, clinodactilia, miembro pélvico derecho con pie equino varo, probable atresia esofágica (ausencia de cámara gástrica, polihidramnios) y cordón umbilical con arteria única. Se estableció el diagnóstico de doble trisomía (48XXX +18) mediante estudio citogenético en líquido amniótico. En la semana 34 acudió al servicio de Urgencias con trabajo de parto en periodo expulsivo y ausencia de vitalidad fetal. La pareja no aceptó el estudio anatomopatológico. CONCLUSION: El diagnóstico prenatal de doble trisomía es raro de establecer en el segundo trimestre del embarazo; su detección oportuna proporciona información valiosa para establecer el pronóstico fetal y ofrecer asesoría genética adecuada. Este caso quizá corresponde al primero documentado en México y el quinto en todo el mundo, diagnosticado mediante estudio citogenético.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Prenatal diagnosis of double trisomy is rare, particular uncommon simultaneous occurrence of double trisomy involving chromosomes 18 and X. CLINICAL CASE: A 43-year-old patient, with a gyneco-obstetric history of four pregnancies and three deliveries, sent from her health center during the fourth pregnancy. Upon admission to the Women's Hospital, the ultrasound study reported a pregnancy of 24.3 weeks of gestation, with a single fetus, clinodactyly, right pelvic member with equinus varus foot, probable esophageal atresia (absence of gastric chamber, polyhydramnios), and umbilical cord. with a single artery. The diagnosis of double trisomy (48XXX +18) was established by cytogenetic study in amniotic fluid. In the week 34, she went to the Emergency Department with labor in the expulsive period and absence of fetal vitality. The couple did not accept the anatomopathological study. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of double trisomy is rare in the second trimester of pregnancy, its detection is important because it provides valuable information to establish the fetal prognosis and provide adequate genetic counseling. This case is relevant because it is probably the first documented in Mexico and the fifth internationally diagnosed prenatally by cytogenetic study.

A Rare Case of Double Trisomy Mosaicism: 47,XXX/47,XX,+8

Double trisomy mosaicism of two different cell lines is extremely rare, particularly those that involve constitutional trisomy 8. We report a case of 47,XXX/47,XX,+8 in a 12-year-old female presenting with several skeletal anomalies. She exhibited distinct phenotypic features such as tall stature, deviation of the left middle finger, webbing of both thumbs and flexion deformities of the both third and fifth distal intermediate phalanges. A mild impulse-control disorder was observed, without mental retardation. Chromosomal and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated double trisomy mosaicism both on lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells.

Trisomy X and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) with Eosinophilia

We reported a young patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with eosinophilia, in which her chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of trisomy X and a marker chromosome at chromosome 11. The technique used to detect the chromosomal abnormalities is a multicoloured –fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (M-FISH). Our observation suggested that these underlying chromosomal abnormalities were probably responsible for her development of MDS with eosinophilia. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a condition whereby there is ineffective production of haematopoietic stem cells and poor quality of cells produced. The cause can either be a primary bone marrow problem, de novo or therapy related. Most MDS cases are secondary rather than primary. Many chromosomal abnormalities have been found in cases of myelodysplastic syndrome. We described a case of MDS with eosinophilia in association with presence of trisomy X and a marker chromosome in chromosome 11.