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Objective To study the chemical constituents of the underground parts of Astragalus tatsienensis var. incanus. Methods The compounds were separated and purified by RP18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, as well as preparative liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by means of modern spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties. Results Four compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the underground part of A. tatsienensis var. incanus, and identified as 3β-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl- 22β-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-ene (1), hyperoside (2), wighteone (3), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4). Conclusion Compounds 2-4 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound 1 is a new triterpene glycosides compound, named astratatincoside A.
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Las saponinas son un tipo de metabolito secundario ampliamente estudiado por sus reconocidas propiedades biológicas. Gran parte de las investigaciones en fitoquímica están dirigidas a encontrar nuevas fuentes naturales de saponinas con aplicación medicinal. La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) es una planta que ha alcanzado un valioso reconocimiento por ser una fuente de alimentos altamente nutritivos, así como una especie rica en saponinas triterpénicas contenidas, principalmente, en la cáscara de las semillas. A la fecha, se han identificado alrededor de 30 saponinas derivadas de la hederagenina y de los ácidos oleanólico, fitolacagénico y serjanico en la planta. El consumo del grano de quinua implica la remoción de la cáscara a fin de reducir su sabor amargo, la ingesta de niveles residuales de saponinas y la obtención de un subproducto rico en las mismas. Esta revisión, inicialmente, ofrece una contex-tualización general de las saponinas; posteriormente, recopila las características estructurales de las saponinas identificadas en la quinua, describe el efecto del procesamiento del grano en su contenido de saponinas y, finalmente, expone los efectos biológicos explorados con extractos de saponinas de quinua, los cuales pueden ser considerados como punto de partida en investigaciones futuras dirigidas al fortalecimiento de su uso en el campo farmacéutico y/o nutracéutico.
Saponins are a type of secondary metabolite that have been widely studied due to their recognized biological properties. Most research into phytochemical has focused on finding new natural sources of saponins with medicinal interest. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) is a plant that has attained importance as a valuable source of food highly nutritious and rich in triterpenes saponins which are mainly in the outer husks of the seeds. Up to date, about 30 saponins derived from hederagenin, oleanolic acid, phytolaccagenic acid, and serjanic acid have been identified in the plant. Quinoa consumption involves removal of the husk to reduce its bitter taste, the ingestion of residual levels of saponins and obtaining a product rich in saponins. This revision, initially, offers a general contextualization of saponins, then, gathers the structural features of identified saponins in quinoa, describes the effect of the processing of the grain on its saponins content, and finally, exposes the biological properties explored with quinoa saponins extracts which might be considered as a starting point for future investigations aimed at strengthening of their use in the pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical field.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the bioactive triterpene glycosides in sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. METHODS: Triterpene glycosides in the sea cucumber were isolated and purified by column chromatography on DA-101, silica gel, reversed-phase silica and reversed HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of chemical properties and spectral data. The cytotoxicities of the compounds obstained were tested with human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, gastric carcinoma BEL-7402 cells, and breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. RESULTS: Three triterpene glycosides were obstained from the sea cucumber studied and their structures were identified as leucospilotaside D(1), holothurin B(2), and holothurin B2 (3). Their inhibition ratios for HeLa, BEL-7402, and MCF-7 cells were high. CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is obstained from Holothuria leucospilota for the first time. All glycosides show marked in vitro antitumor activity. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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Objective: To study the antifungal activities of triterpene glycosides derived from the sea cucumber Actinopyga sp. Methods: Triterpene glycosides were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography, reversed-phase silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-HPLC from Actinopyga sp. The structures of the triterpene glycosides were elucidated based on spectral data, chemical reactions, and related references. The antifungal activities of the extracts against three strains: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were assessed by liquid microdilution method. Results: Four triterpene glycosides were identified from Actinopyga sp.; and they included frondoside A (1), pervicoside C (2), holothurin A (3), and holothurin B (4). The MIC80 of compound 2 and compound 3 for antifungal effect were 1-4 mg/L, showing marked antifungal activities. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 have been isolated from this halobios for the first time. All the four compounds show considerable antifungal activities, and pervicoside C may be used as a lead compound of antifungal agents.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents of the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscocinerea collected from the South China Sea.Methods The compounds were isolated by Pyricularia oryzae bioassay-guided fractionation method in combination with extraction and partition as well as multi-chromatography.Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were isolated from the n-BuOH extract and identified as: pervicoside C(Ⅰ),holothurin A(Ⅱ) and DS-holoturin B(Ⅲ);Four compounds [uracil(Ⅳ),thymine(Ⅴ),thymidine(Ⅵ) and 2'-deoxyuridine(Ⅶ)] were obtained from the CHCl_(3) extract.Conclusion All the compounds were isolated from this sea cucumber for the first time while Compound Ⅰ was first obtained as pure compound.Compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ were active compounds causing morphological abnormality of P.oryzae mycelia and exhibited cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines.
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Objective Triterpene glycosides were expected to be isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis.Methods The crude saponins of sea cucumber were desulfated with pyridine-dioxane(1∶1),the desulfated products were separated by multi-chromatography to afford two compounds.Results On the basis of chemical methods and spectral evidences,especially 2D NMR and ESI-MS technologies,these two compounds were identified as 3-O-(3-O-methyl-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-?-D-quinovopyranosyl(1→4)-?-D-quinovopyranosyl(1→2)-?-D-xylopyranosyl)-holosta-9-ene-3?,12?,17?,25?-tetraol(Ⅰ),named as nobiliside 1a;3-O-(3-O-methyl-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-?-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-?-D-quinovopyranosyl(1→2)-4′-O-sulfate-?-D-xylopyranosyl)-holosta-22,25-epoxy-9-ene-3?,12?,17?,25?-triol(Ⅱ),named as nobiliside 2a.Conclusion Two compounds are new triterpene glycosides.
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Objective A method was developed for determination of the total triterpene glycosides in different sea cucumbers.Methods A holostane triterpene glycoside called Echinoside A was taken as the reference standard.Triterpene glycosides were reacted with vanillin and perchloric acid.The sea cucumbers were extracted by 60% ethanol and partitioned between water and n-butanol to gain the total triterpene glycosides.The contents of total triterpene glycosides in 11 kinds of sea cucumbers were determined with the standard curve.And the relationships of the triterpene glycosides content among different sea cucumber species,growth environment,process technique,etc.were discussed by the value of TG/P(triterpene glycosides content /protein content).Results The determination wavelength was confirmed to be 560nm and the standard curve was determined as y-1.3414x-0.0077.The ab-sorbance was of a good linearity in the mass range of 0-0.5mg with R2 =0.9994.The recovery of this method was(99.01?2.82)% and the relative standard deviation was 4.68%.Conclusion The method has been proved to be convenient,reliable and suitable for the analysis of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers.