Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats: An approach to evaluate asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Obesity and hyperlipidemia is the major cause of many pathological diseases with an increase side effects using allopathic drugs. The present study focuses on the effect of Ixora coccinea on Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemia in rats and associated complications. Methodology: In vitro radical scavenging activity of I. coccinea was assessed using DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide. In vivo antiobesity and antihyperlipidimic activity of I. coccinea was tested in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats and assessed for its biochemical parameters in blood and tissue samples. The relationship between physiological responses and regulation of body temperature was investigated by using animal surface temperature images captured with infrared camera. Results: The results of mineral analysis, antioxidant, total flavonoid and phenolic content represented high amount of mineral and had the potential to scavenge free radicals tested with DPPH, FRAP and hydrogen peroxide radicals with dose dependent activity. The highest activity was observed in aqueous extract, DPPH with 71.5% inhibition, FRAP with 56.8%, H2O2 with 33% activity at 100 µg/mL concentration. Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats when treated with I. coccinea aqueous extract showed significant activity by regulating the biochemical parameters and maintaining the lipid profile by decreasing TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG and improving HDL-C levels. Similarly, the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, ALP due to induction of hyperlipidemia, were brought back to near normal levels after treatment with I. coccinea. The levels of tissue anti-oxidants enzymes like SOD and CAT were also found to be improved in treated I. coccinea groups. The whole body asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis showed that significant decreases in temperature was observed in obesity induced groups but a gradual increase in temperature (2%–5%) was observed after treatment. Conclusion: Thus, the results indicated that I. coccinea can be a drug of choice to decrease the risk of complications associated with hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Preparation of bioactive denatured acellular dermal matrix from burn mice riched in mice bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the preparation of bioactive denatured acellular dermal matrix (DADM) from burn mice riched in mice bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.@*Methods@#Twelve BALB/c mice were collected and 20% total body surface area scalds (hereinafter referred to as burns) with deep partial thickness were inflicted on the back skin of each mouse. After removing epidermis, the burned skin were collected and divided into Triton X-100 group and elhylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) group according to the random number table, with 15 samples in each group. Samples in Triton X-100 group and EDTA group were respectively placed in mixture of 2.5 g/L Triton X-100 and 2.5 g/L trypsin solution and mixture of 0.2 g/L EDTA and 2.5 g/L trypsin solution for sustained vibration and elution for 24 hours to make mice DADM. The general appearance of DADM was observed. The structure and arrangement of collagen fibers of DADM were observed by scanning electron microscope and tissue structure of DADM were observed by fluorescence microscope. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from mice were transplanted in mice DADM in the two groups with concentration of 2×105 cells per well to prepare bioactive mice DADM. After cultured for 3 days, tissue structure of bioactive mice DADM was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, distribution and number of BMSCs of bioactive mice DADM were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Proliferation of BMSCs of bioactive mice DADM after cultured for 2 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 5 d was detected by cell count kit-8. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement and t test.@*Results@#(1) Mice DADM in the two groups were white in appearance with certain tenacity and elasticity. Mice DADM in the two groups maintained good three-dimensional porous network structure. Collagen fibers of mice DADM in EDTA group were with good continuity, and collagen fibers of mice DADM in Triton X-100 group were fractured in varying degrees. Mice DADM in the two groups were decellularized completely, and the collagen fibers were loose and arranged disorderly. The continuity of tissue structure of mice DADM in EDTA group was better than that of mice DADM in Triton X-100 group. (2) After cultured for 3 days, the BMSCs in bioactive mice DADM in the two groups were evenly distributed. The number of bioactive BMSCs in mice DADM in EDTA group was 37±7, which was significantly more than that of mice DADM in Triton X-100 group (25±8, t=0.128, P<0.05). The proliferation of bioactive BMSCs in mice DADM in Triton X-100 group and EDTA group was similar at 2 hours and on day 1 after cultured (t=1.292, 0.656, P>0.05). On 3, 5 days after cultured, the proliferation of bioactive BMSCs in mice DADM in EDTA group was significantly higher than that of mice DADM in Triton X-100 group (t=2.309, 14.128, P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Mice DADM prepared by decellularization of EDTA has better three-dimensional porous network structure and good continuity of collagen fiber. The BMSCs in bioactive DADM from burn mice prepared by transplanting BMSCs are evenly distributed with large quantity and strong proliferative capacity, which has the potential to be good autologous dermal substitute.

Interaction of Losartan potassium with the micelles of Triton X 100.

This study is an investigation of the physicochemical interaction of Losartan potassium (LST K), an angiotensin-II receptor (type AT1) antagonist, with micelles of triton X, a nonionic surfactant. The effect of micelles on the spectral properties of LSTK was monitored on at pH 7.4 and at room temperature. The spectrum of LST K showed gradual and progressive bathochromic and hypochromic shift in presence of increasing concentrations of triton X 100. The binding constant Kb of LST K to triton X 100 micelles was calculated using the differential absorbance at λ = 225 nm& was found to be 4.13 ± 0.35 ×105 mol-1 L. By using pseudo-phase model, the partition coefficient between the bulk water and Triton X 100 micelles, Kx, was calculated from both differential absorbance Δ A225, Kx = 2.26 ±0.12 x105 mol-1 L. The binding of LST K to Triton X 100 micelles implied a shift in drug acidity constant (Δ pKa = 0.8).

Experimental study of preparing acellular human tendon scaffold by chemical extraction methods / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To explore a method of preparing the acellular tendons of human with chemical approaches.Methods From April 2011 to June 2012,several treatments were performed on human tendons using 1.00％ tri(n-butyl) Phosphate (TnBP) combinded with Triton X-100 at the concentration of 0,0.25％,0.50％,1.00％ respectively.Specimens were examined using histological observation,scanning electron microscopy,biomechanical testing and hydroxyproline quantitation.The results were then compared with fresh tendons of control group,so as to value the characteristics of decellularized human tendon scaffold.Results Acellular human tendons had glossy surface,intact aponeurotic membrane and satisfactory flexibility.A small number of disrupted cells remained in the 1.00％ TnBP + 0％ Triton X-100 treated tissue,while other three experimental groups successfully eliminate all cells.Intact and regular collagen architecture was retained in 1.00％ TnBP +0.25％ Triton X-100 treated tissue.1.00％ TnBP + 0.50％ Triton X-100 and 1.00％ TnBP + 1.00％ Triton X-100 treated tissue were nearly identical to 1.00％ TnBP +0.25％ Triton X-100 treated tissue,but the interval of collagen was slightly wider than the control group,the maximum load (385.22 ± 80.32N,398.22 ± 127.20N),ultimate tensile strength(46.69 ± 16.30Mpa,46.20 ±5.52Mpa) and hydroxyproline content(0.282663 ± 0.0110109 μg/mg,0.279355 ± 0.0102129 μg/mg) were statistically lower (P ＜ 0.05) compared with those of the control group,maximum load(533.28 ± 135.77N),ultimate tensile strength (65.56 ± 14.40Mpa) and hydroxyproline content (0.292882 ± 0.0100988 μg/mg) respectively.Conclusion The decellularization treatment with 1.00％ TnBP + 0.25％ Triton X-100 could be optimized for preparing acellular human tendons.

Triton X-100 induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines

The detergent Triton X-100 was used to establish a model for apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines. The electrophoresis of DNA extracted from 0.01% Triton X-100 treated hepatoma cell lines showed DNA ladder formation, a hallmark of apoptosis. The DNA fragmentation appeared within less than 60 min of the Triton X-100 treatment. Chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain, and fragmented nucleosome was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) test. Apoptosis was semi-quantitated by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level for cytotoxity. It was found that apoptosis had been induced in more than 90% of the cells treated with Triton X-100 for 150 min. These data show that Triton X-100 efficiently induces the apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cell lines.

Comparison of 2 decellularizing methods to prepare rat acelluar allograft spinal cord scaffold / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To compare the effect of 2 decellularizing methods,sodium deoxycholate plus Triton X-100 or plus DNase and Rnase,in the preparation of acelluar allograft spinal cord scaffold in order to provide an ideal natural spinal cord scaffold to bridge the nerve gap.Methods Spinal cord was removed from health rats,and then decellularized by the method of freeze thawing(immersing in 3% sodium deoxycholate followed by the mixture of 1?103 U/ml DNase and RNase),or by chemical extraction(immersing in 1% Triton X-100 and then 1% sodium deoxycholate).HE staining,myelin staining and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to evaluate the spinal cord scaffold after the 2 methods of decellularization.Results Both cells and myelin were completely decellularized with the 2 methods.In cross section,network of the extracellular matrix was presented without axon,sheath and cells nucleus being seen in the scaffold.Typical network of empty tubes were viewed in longitudinal sections.Conclusion An ideal spinal cord scaffold can be produced with these 2 decellularizing methods in tissue engineering.The scaffold made by the 2 methods have similar three dimensional structure with normal spinal cord,so can be used as a graft to bridge the nerve gap directly or as a scaffold to implant the seeding cells in spinal cord tissue engineering.

Spectroscopic studies on the denaturation of papain solubilized and Triton X-100-solubilized glucoamylase from rabbit small intestine.

Intestinal brush border proteins consist of an enzymatically active hydrophilic moiety attached to a hydrophobic tail. Papain dissociates the hydrophilic part by cleaving off the hydrophobic tail, whereas the detergentTriton X-100 solubilizes the whole molecule. Denaturation by 8 Μ urea or 4 Μ guanidinium chloride does not alter the structure of the papain-solubilized enzyme. An appreciable alteration of the structure of detergent-solubilized enzyme was observed on denaturation. The difference spectra of Triton X-100 (1%)—solubilized enzyme and its urea denatured form shifts and intensifies, with increase in the concentration of the denaturant with an isobestic point at 252 nm. A new band at 280 nm also appears at 4 Μ urea concentration. Papain-solubilized glucoamylase has an ∝ -helical conformation in solution unlike the detergentsolubilized fraction. An elongated structure for the papain solubilized enzyme is inferred from the urea denaturation studies and from molecular weight determinations.