Preditores da intenção de abandono profissional em caminhoneiros / Predictors of intention to leave profession in truck drivers

Apesar da importância da retenção de caminhoneiros, há pouca compreensão acerca das variáveis e suas interações para explicar a intenção do abandono profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais, psicossociais, estressores ocupacionais e a satisfação no trabalho como possíveis preditores da intenção de abandono em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Como instrumentos de avaliação, foram utilizadas as Subescalas de Tendência ao Abandono, Satisfação no Trabalho e Riscos Psicossociais, questionários de variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla apontaram um modelo explicativo para a tendência ao abandono composto por sete variáveis que conjuntamente explicaram 29,2% da variância, sendo a satisfação no trabalho a variável de maior poder preditivo (13,2%). O estudo sugere ações de retenção desses profissionais aos gestores do transporte, com o objetivo de evitar a rotatividade dessa categoria.

Despite the importance of truck driver's retention, there is not enough understanding about the variables that interact to explain the intention to leave the profession. The objective of this study was to evaluate variables such as, sociodemographic, labor, psychosocial, occupational stressors and satisfaction with work, as possible predictors of abandonment, in a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture purposes, a set of assessment tools was used. It was composed by: Subscales of Tendency to Abandonment, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial risks, sociodemographic, labor and occupational stressors questionnaire. The results obtained by multiple linear regression analysis, have indicated seven variables to explain the model variance of 29,2%, with job satisfaction having the most significant prediction capacity (13,2%). The study suggests some retention actions by the management level on truckload carriers, in order to avoid the turnover of this job category.

Comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde e fatores associados entre motoristas de caminhão / Unhealthy eating habits and associated risk factors among truck drivers

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde entre motoristas de caminhão. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com motoristas de caminhão entrevistados no Porto de Paranaguá. Foram obtidas informações sobre o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, salgados fritos, bebidas açucaradas industrializadas e doces, e retirada de gordura visível de carne vermelha e da pele de carne de frango. Modelos hierarquizados foram construídos para identificar fatores associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Dos entrevistados (n = 670), 53,1% apresentaram quatro ou mais comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde. Tal condição associou-se com idade inferior a 40 anos (RP = 1,49; IC95% = 1,28-1,73), capacidade para exercer a profissão referida como moderada/baixa/muito baixa (RP 1,28; IC 95% 1,08-1,52), não praticar atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,66; IC95% = 1,38-2,00), qualidade da alimentação referida como ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,25; IC95% = 1,05-1,49) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 Kg/m2 (RP = 1,22; IC95% = 1,05-1,43). Mais da metade dos motoristas de caminhão apresentaram comportamentos alimentares de risco à saúde, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias de incentivo à redução desses hábitos.

Abstract The scope of this article is to identify risk factors associated with unhealthy eating habits among truck drivers. It involved a cross-sectional study carried out with truck drivers individually interviewed at the Port of Paranaguá in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Information was obtained on the consumption of fruit, vegetables, fried salted food, sweetened beverages, and the removal of visible fat from red meat and of skin from chicken meat. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were applied to identify factors associated with unhealthy eating habits. Of those interviewed (n = 670), 53.1% had four or more unhealthy eating habits. This condition was associated with age less than 40 years (prevalence ratio, PR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.28-1.73), moderate, low or very low ability to exercise the profession (PR 1.28; 95% CI 1.08-1.52), not taking physical exercise in free time (PR = 1.66; 95%CI = 1.38- 2.00), overall self-reported eating habits as poor or very poor (RP = 1.25; IC95% = 1.05-1.49) and body mass index < 25 Kg/m2 (PR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.05-1.43). More than half of the truck drivers revealed unhealthy eating habits, highlighting the need for strategies to rectify these habits.

How aware are our truck drivers regarding prevention of road traffic accidents? A cross-sectional study in Dankuni area, Hooghly

Background: Road traffic accidents are an emerging global health problem. It is projected that road traffic injuries will move up to the third by the year 2020 among leading causes of the global disease burden.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 248 truck drivers in Dunkuni area Hooghly for a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2018. By simple random sampling 248 truck drivers were selected from 641 registered drivers of the two-truck driver’s association. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics committee of AIIH and PH, Kolkata. After getting informed written consent for participation, the pre-designed pre-tested schedule was filled up. Data was analysed using SPSS16 version and bivariate analysis was done. For knowledge score (12 items), each item of positive response was scored as +2 and for negative response +1. Stress among truck drivers was assessed using perceived stress scale.Results: Mean age of the participants was 37 years. 24.2% participants studied up to secondary school and 134 (54%) belonged to class IV. 21.0% had history of alcohol addiction, 80.6% had high stress. Adequate knowledge of traffic sign was observed among 79.8% participants and overall adequate knowledge was found among 135 (54.4%) participants.Conclusions: Regular behavioural change communication sessions and intermittent sessions on safe-driving methods among truckers may prove beneficial in preventing road traffic accidents.

Factors Associated with Common Mental Disorders in Truck Drivers / Fatores Associados aos Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Caminhoneiros

Abstract This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) using a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture were applied the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Scale subscale of Psychosocial risks and questionnaire with socio-demographic, working and occupational stressors. The results obtained by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, have explained the 39.9% of variation on CMD. The occupational stressor working hours is the predictor variable with highest impact, may implying in an increase of 5.41 times more chance of the trucker to present CMD. The results indicate actions by management level as work organization and public authorities with regard to the external work conditions.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar os fatores de risco dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), Subescalas da Escala de Riscos Psicossociais e questionários sociodemográfico, laboral e de estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de Regressão Logística Binária Multivariada explicaram 39,9% das variações dos TMC. A variável preditora de maior impacto foi o estressor ocupacional jornada de trabalho que implicou em um aumento de 5,41 vezes mais chance do caminhoneiro apresentar TMC. Os resultados sugerem ações por parte dos gestores quanto à organização do trabalho e por parte do poder público no que diz respeito às condições externas de trabalho.

Fatigue Analysis Of High Dump Truck Operators In Indonesia’s Coal Mining Industry: A Case Study

@#A coal mining industry typically applies a 24-hours working time, which enforces some workers to stay conscious during night shift, opposing human body's biological clock. This study aims to analyse the level of fatigue experienced by high dump truck operators (HD operators) in a coal mining site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study utilizes primary data which obtained from distributing Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) survey to all HD operators and secondary data (for Fatigue Likelihood Scoring -FLS) which consists of HD operators’ working schedule that currently applied in the company. Results obtained is analyzed using Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) framework which combines FLS classification and Dawson-McCulloch’s model of fatigue risk trajectory. This study reveals that based on IFRC survey, HD operators experienced low/mild fatigue due to insignificant influence of fatigue-related factors contained in the survey. However, consideration for improvement is in need since the resultof fatigue for night shift operators is close to moderate level. In addition, based on FLS, the level of fatigue indicates that HD operators experienced excessive working hours, in which in FRMS graph classified as fatigue-related errors. Thus, this studyproposes several strategies as the hazard control mechanism: (1) providing optimum resting time, (2) equipping operators with audio music that lead to positive energy and increasing work focus, and (3) adding afternoon shift to balance the working hours.

Morbidity profile of truck drivers: a South Indian cross-sectional study

Background: Recent studies have shown that workers on the transport industry are more predisposed to cardiovascular morbidity and other health morbidities due to their improper diet and sedentary lifestyle. This study was aimed at assessing the common morbidity profile among the truck drivers and associated demographic and clinical parameters considered relevant to the development of cardiovascular disease.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 175 truck drivers aged 18-60 years at the Walayar check post, Coimbatore, southern India. After getting informed consent, a detailed physical examination was conducted. Socio demographic information was also elicited.Results: It was observed that 50% of the truck drivers were overweight and obese. Hypertensives were 41.1% and diabetics were 12%. About 27.4% had raised systolic blood pressure (BP) and 29.1% had raised diastolic BP. Low back pain was observed in 34.3%, hip pain in 24.6%, knee pain in 9.7%, shoulder pain in 5.4%, diminished vision in 4.6%, giddiness in 2.3% and hearing defects in 1.1% of the truck drivers.56.6% were current smokers and 66.3% were taking alcohol consumption more than 4 times a month. Older age was found to be a significant independent predictor [odds ratio OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.05)] for the total number of cardio vascular disease morbidities.Conclusions: We observed a higher morbidity among the truck drivers and observed that periodic health appraisals are needed

Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders in truck drivers and its associated risk factors

Background: The main purpose of the study was to find out the different joints affected in the truck drivers and the associated-risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in this population due to the paucity of literature pertaining to Indian truck drivers.Methods: A self-administered closed-ended validated questionnaire was prepared by the researcher incorporated with Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and numeric pain rating scale and the participants were questioned using the same questionnaire and response was recorded by the researcher.Results: This study found a prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal pain to be 76.92% in truck drivers and the most commonly affected joints are lower back followed by the knee, shoulder and cervical spine. The factors which are found to be responsible for work related musculoskeletal pain in truck drivers are age, years of driving, number of driving days in a week, number of driving hours in a day, rest duration, posture, stress, vibration & poor condition of roads.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the results of this study that extrinsic factors do play a significant role in the causation of work-related musculoskeletal pain in truck drivers and are a leading cause for affecting the health of truck drivers and a frequent cause of sickness absente

Estudos qualitativos sobre caminhoneiros e HIV/aids: contribuições para análise de vulnerabilidade / Qualitative studies on truck drivers and HIV/AIDS: contributions for the analysis of vulnerability

Resumo O artigo pretende identificar e analisar criticamente, com base no quadro analítico do conceito de vulnerabilidade, estudos qualitativos sobre a vulnerabilidade de caminhoneiros ao HIV. Os critérios de inclusão foram: abordar a temática da susceptibilidade dos caminhoneiros ao HIV/AIDS e empregar a abordagem qualitativa. Foram encontrados 445 resumos, dentre os quais 17 artigos foram incluídos na análise e categorizados em "estudos socioculturais", "estudos avaliativos" e "estudos de comportamentos de risco". A análise foi balizada por reflexões realizadas a partir do conceito de vulnerabilidade em saúde. O estudo critica a predominância de estudos qualitativos de cunho comportamentalista, com ênfase na identificação de comportamentos de risco, e de concepções e representações sobre HIV/AIDS. Além disso, aponta para estudos de matriz sociocultural e avaliativos que transpassam a barreira dos comportamentos individuais, ampliando o escopo de análise, ao compreender os fenômenos estruturais e interações dos sujeitos frente à epidemia, aproximando-se do conceito de vulnerabilidade. A revisão aponta para a necessidade de estudos que levem em consideração o conceito de vulnerabilidade, contextualizando os comportamentos às dimensões socioestruturais envolvidas na epidemia de aids.

Abstract The scope of this article is to conduct a critical identification and analysis, based on the analytical framework of the concept of vulnerability of truck drivers to HIV. The criteria for inclusion were to address the issue of truck drivers' susceptibility to HIV/AIDS and to adopt the qualitative approach. A total of 445 abstracts were located, of which 17 articles were included in the analysis and categorized as "sociocultural studies", "evaluative studies" and "risk behavior studies." The analysis was based on reflections surrounding the concept of vulnerability in health. The study criticizes the predominance of qualitative studies of a behaviorist nature, with an emphasis on the identification of risk behaviors, concepts and representations about HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, it points to studies of a sociocultural and evaluative nature that transcend the barrier of individual behaviors, expanding the scope of analysis, analysis of structural phenomena and interactions of subjects faced with the epidemic, duly approaching the concept of vulnerability. The review reveals the need for studies that take into account the concept of vulnerability, contextualizing the behaviors to the socio-structural dimensions involved in the AIDS epidemic.

Transporte rodoviário de carga: acidentes de trabalho fatais e fiscalização trabalhista / Road freight transport: fatal work accidents and labor inspection

Resumo Introdução: um grande número de acidentes de trabalho fatais (ATF) ocorre no Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas (TRC). Jornada de trabalho excessiva e descanso inadequado dos motoristas são apontados entre os principais fatores contribuintes. É atribuição do Ministério do Trabalho fiscalizar essas condições. Objetivos: avaliar se a ação da fiscalização do trabalho no setor de TRC recebeu atenção proporcional à magnitude dos indicadores de mortalidade por acidente de trabalho nessa atividade e analisar a inclusão dos fatores jornada e descanso nas inspeções. Métodos: estudo exploratório, quantitativo, descritivo, com base documental e bibliográfica e utilização de dados oficiais de ATF e da Fiscalização do Trabalho, de 2008 a 2012. Resultados: entre as 20 atividades/ocupações com mais mortes, o TRC (1430 óbitos; 37,97 mortes/100 mil vínculos) e a ocupação de motorista de caminhão de longas distâncias (1098 óbitos; 55,33 mortes/100 mil vínculos, em 2011) se destacaram. Contudo, as ações de fiscalização no setor representaram 1,4% do total no período investigado e a inclusão da jornada e descanso dos motoristas se deu somente em metade dessas ações. Conclusão: é necessário incremento no número de fiscalizações no TRC e na abordagem dos fatores contribuintes para os ATF dos motoristas de caminhão.

Abstract Introduction: a large number of fatal work accidents (FWA) occurs in road freight transport (RFT). Drivers' excessive working hours and inadequate rest are highlighted among the main contributing factors. In Brazil, the Ministry of Labor is the federal authority responsible for inspecting such working conditions. Objectives: to evaluate whether the labor inspection of the RFT sector received attention that was proportional to the magnitude of its fatal occupational injuries indicators and to analyze the verification of drivers' working and rest hours in the inspections. Methods: quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study using documentary and bibliographical information, and official data of FWA and Federal Labor Inspection from 2008 to 2012. Results: among the 20 activities/occupations with more fatal accidents, the RFT (1430 deaths; 37.97 deaths/ 100,000 employed persons) and the long-distance truck driver occupation (1098 deaths; 55.33 deaths/100,000 employed persons, in 2011) were highlighted. However, the labor inspections carried out in the RTF sector represented 1.4% of the total number of the Federal Labor inspections, and the drivers' working and rest hours were checked only in half of these actions. Conclusion: it is necessary to increase the number of inspections in the RFT sector whilst the factors that contribute to truck drivers' FWA must be checked.

Prevalence hearing loss of truck and bus drivers in a cross-sectional study of 65533 subjects

BACKGROUND@#Noise pollution is one of the most important occupational pollutants in heavy-vehicle drivers. Therefore, this epidemiological research was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of hearing loss in heavy-vehicle drivers in Iran.@*METHODS@#This cross-sectional research was conducted on 65,533 heavy-vehicle drivers including truck and intercity bus drivers from February 2006 to March 2016. The air and bone threshold of pure tone was measured for each ear at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz by a skillful radiology expert. The obtained data from this research was analyzed in SPSS software using statistical tests such as descriptive analysis and paired t test.@*RESULTS@#Mean (standard deviation) of hearing loss in left and right ears of all people was 23.02 (8.25) and 22.48 (7.86), respectively. Paired t test showed that hearing loss difference in left and right ears was significant (P < 0.001). Mean and standard deviation of paired t test showed that hearing loss difference in left and right ears was significant in all frequencies except 1000 Hz (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The findings of this research generally showed that 26.8% of the studied drivers have hearing loss. Hearing loss in the left ear was more than right ear.

Factors affecting the Health Problems of Concrete Mixer Truck Driver / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the level of health problems and the factors that affect health problems for concrete mixer truck divers. METHODS: The questionnaires were administered to 111 drivers in 6 Remicon workplaces located in D city and 7 Remicon workplaces located in K city from September 10 to 28, 2018. A total of 111 questionnaires were collected and 106 were used, excluding 5 incomplete ones. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, χ2 test, multiple logistic regression analysis by SPSS/WIN 23.0. RESULTS: The factors affecting subjective health were eating habits, sleeping hours and drinking conditions. The factors that affected chronic diseases were age, eating habits, sleep hours, and drinking conditions. The factors influencing musculoskeletal complaints were work experience, eating habits, and sleep hours. CONCLUSION: The major influencing factors of health problems were eating habits, sleeping hours. This study suggests that it is necessary to run a systematic health care program for the desirable health behaviors in the communities and industrial fields.

Effect of Co-Driver on Job Content and Depression of Truck Drivers

BACKGROUND: Since the presence of a co-driver can be considered as a companion, partner, or friend for a driver through eliminating driver's loneliness, it plays a significant role in health and safety of drivers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of co-drivers on depression and occupational stress on male truck drivers. METHODS: This study was an interventional case-control study. Seventy truck drivers were selected and divided into two groups: case (33 truck drivers with co-drivers) and control (37 truck drivers without co-drivers). Two Goldberg depression inventories (for evaluating driver's depression) and the Karasek job content questionnaire (for evaluating driver's job stress) were used to collect data which were completed by interview. RESULTS: The results showed that job content values for the case group were higher in all dimensions except job nature. The comparison of the percentages showed significant difference between two groups. Depression rate in drivers with co-driver is truly less than depression rate in drivers without co-driver. There was significant positive relationship between dimensions of job content and depression rate. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it can be claimed that a co-driver decreases stress and loneliness of drivers, as well as increases work performance and job satisfaction, and, in turn, leads to a decrease in job-related depression.

Modos de ser e trabalhar de caminhoneira: estratégia de viver a vida / Ways of being and work of womantruck drive: strategy of living the life / Modos de ser y trabajar de camionera: estrategia de vivir la vida / Modes d'être et de travailler comme conductrice de camion: stratégie pour vivre la vie

O estudo destaca a estratégia de viver a vida de caminhoneira, suportado nas noções de trabalho imaterial e vida líquida. Caminhoneiras atuantes no transporte rodoviário de cargas de longo percurso e duração participaram da pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise do conteúdo apontou que a caminhoneira desempenha atividades que se aproximam da noção de trabalho imaterial e possibilitou estender a noção de estratégia tomada de Bauman à vida cotidiana. Seu dia a dia remete à vida líquida; remete à indistinção entre tempo/espaço de trabalho e vida; ao percurso e cenário que extrapolam a boleia; aos elementos culturais associados à estrada. Entre truques e traquejos, a estratégia de viver a vida concentra-se em reinícios indolores que demandam manter o jogo curto e o itinerário minimamente reconhecível. Para prosseguir na profissão, em perspectiva gradiente, a caminhoneira contempla facetas do turista, andarilho e jogador, conforme metáforas apresentadas por Bauman.

The study highlights the strategy of living the life of a female truck driver, based on the notions of immaterial labor and liquid life. Female truck driver engaged in long-distance and long-haul freight transportation participated in the exploratory research through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the content indicated that the female truck driver performs activities that approach the notion of immaterial work and made possible to extend the notion of strategy taken from Bauman to daily life. Her daily life refers to liquid life; refers to the indistinction between time / space of work and life; the route and scenario that extrapolate the truck; cultural elements associated with the road. Between tricks and great experience, the strategy of living the life concentrates in painless restarts that demand to keep the game short and the itinerary minimally recognizable. To continue in the profession, in gradient perspective, the female trucker driver contemplates facets of the tourist, wanderer and player, according to metaphors presented by Bauman.

Este trabajo enfoca la estrategia de vivir la vida como camionera, basada en las nociones de trabajo inmaterial y vida líquida. Camioneras actuantes en el transporte de cargas en carretera de largo trayecto y tiempo participaron de la investigación de exploración por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis del contenido indicó que la camionera cumple actividades que se acercan a la noción de trabajo inmaterial y posibilitó la extensión de la noción de estrategia de Bauman a la vida cotidiana. Su jornada remete a la vida líquida; remete a la indistinción entre tiempo/espacio de trabajo y vida; al trayecto y escenario que extrapolan la cabina; a los elementos culturales relacionados a la carretera. Entre trucos y experiencias, la estrategia de vivir la vida está centrada en nuevos comienzos indoloros que demandan mantener el corto juego y la ruta mínimamente reconocible. Para seguir adelante en la profesión, en perspectiva gradiente, la camionera contempla facetas del turista, andador y jugador, según metáforas presentadas por Bauman.

L'étude met en évidence la stratégie de vivre la vie d'un conductrice de camion. Pour cela, on s'appuie sur les notions de travail immatériel et de vie liquide. Les conductrices de camions engagées dans le transport de marchandises sur des longues distances ont participé à la recherche exploratoire au moyen d'entretiens semi-structurés. L'analyse du contenu indique que le conductrice de camion exerce des activités qui abordent la notion de travail immatériel et a permit d'étendre la notion de stratégie prise de Bauman à la vie quotidienne. Sa vie quotidienne fait référence à la vie liquide; fait référence à la distinction entre temps / espace de travail et de vie; à la route et au scénario qui extrapole la cabine du camion; aux éléments culturels associés à la route. Entre astuces et compétences, la stratégie de vivre la vie se concentre sur des redémarrages sans douleur qui exigent de garder le jeu court et l'itinéraire minimalement reconnaissable. Pour exercer son métier, dans une perspective gradient, la conductrice de camion contemple les facettes du touriste, du voyageur et du joueur, selon les métaphores présentées par Bauman.

Diferenças de percepção de estressores de acordo com o tipo de rota no trabalho de caminhoneiros / Differences of perception of stressors according to the route type on truck drivers work

A profissão de caminhoneiro está sujeita a inúmeros estressores ocupacionais. O presente estudo objetivou verificar diferença na percepção de estressores laborais em caminhoneiros que realizam rotas curtas e aqueles que percorrem rotas longas no seu trabalho. A amostra se constituiu de 445 caminhoneiros atuantes em diferentes regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Como instrumentos de pesquisa, foram utilizados questionários de dados sociodemográficos, laborais e estressores ocupacionais, elaborados para esse estudo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da prova t de student. A análise evidenciou associação significativa dos estressores: condições de estradas e repouso, postos de atendimento, locais para alimentação, possibilidade de assalto e roubo, jornada de trabalho, remuneração e sistemas eletrônicos de controle aos caminhoneiros de rota longa, quando comparados aos de rota curta. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de se considerar a variável rota longa no processo de adoecimento dessa categoria profissional.(AU)

The profession of truck driver is exposed to several occupational stressors. This study aimed to evaluate the existence of differences between short and long run distances truck drivers, regarding stressors perception. The sample was composed by 445 Brazilian truck drivers from different zones of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. As instruments, we used socio-demographic, labor, and occupational stressors questionnaires especially created for this research. The data was analyzed trough student t-tests. The analysis highlighted that long distance drivers, compared to short distance drivers, have higher stressors levels about: roads pavement and rest conditions, services area, food court services, lack of security, working hours, salary, and electronic control systems. The results indicate that the variable long driven distance should be considered for the illness process analysis of this profession category.(AU)

Intervenção de educação em saúde na br 116: relato de experiência / Intervención de educación en salud en la autopista br 116: relato de experiencia / Intervention of health education on highway br 116: experience report

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou descrever a atividade de intervenção de educação em saúde do projeto de extensão Saúde na BR. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, com atividades realizadas na base da Polícia Rodoviária Federal que integram o cronograma semestral do projeto de extensão. As atividades de intervenção contemplaram orientações nutricionais, saúde bucal, ergonomia, uso de medicamentos e substâncias psicoativas e, sobre a influência da espiritualidade no enfrentamento às situações de estresse. A avaliação das condições de saúde, contou com a aferição da pressão arterial, glicemia capilar e imunização; verificação de medidas antropométricas e avaliação de índice de massa corporal, bem como, demonstrações práticas de cuidados de saúde, como a ginástica laboral e o relaxamento. Evidenciou-se que as atividades de educação em saúde incorporaram as características de intervenção direcionadas à realidade do público-alvo, como sujeito ativo do processo do cuidado para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la actividad de intervención en educación en salud del proyecto de extensión Saúde na BR (Salud en la autopista BR). Se trata de estudio descriptivo, del tipo relato de experiencia y las actividades realizadas en la base de la Polícia Rodoviária Federal (Policía Federal de Carreteras brasileña) integran el cronograma semestral del proyecto de extensión. Las actividades de intervención abarcan orientaciones nutricionales, sobre salud bucal, ergonomía, uso de medicamentos y sustancias psicoactivas y sobre la influencia de la espiritualidad en el enfrentamiento de situaciones de estrés. Fueron asociadas a la evaluación de condiciones de salud con: la toma de la presión arterial, glucemia capilar e inmunización, verificación de medidas antropométricas y evaluación de índice de masa corporal, así como demostraciones prácticas de cuidados de salud, como gimnasia laboral y relajamiento. Quedó evidente que las actividades de educación en salud incorporaron características de intervención dirigidas para la realidad del público blanco como sujeto activo del proceso del cuidado para mejoría de la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the intervention activity in health education of the extension project Saúde at the BR. It is a descriptive study, of an experience report and the activities carried out at the base of the Federal Highway Police, are part of the semester schedule of the extension project. Intervention activities included nutritional guidelines on oral health, ergonomics, use of medications and psychoactive substances and on the influence of spirituality in coping with stress situations. They were associated to the evaluation of health conditions with: blood pressure measurement, capillary glycemia and immunization, verification of anthropometric measures and evaluation of body mass index, as well as practical demonstrations of health care, such as workout and relaxation. It was evidenced that the activities of health education incorporated characteristics of intervention directed to the reality of the target public as an active subject of the process of care to improve life quality.

Obesity, hypertension and diabetes among truck drivers in the middle-west, Brazil / Obesidade, hipertensão e diabetes em caminhoneiros no centro-oeste, Brasil

A high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been observed among professional drivers. An increased risk of hypertension and obesity may be related to the stress of driving long hours. This work aimed to evaluate the glucose level, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in truck drivers. Long distance truck drivers were recruited at a gas station in Goias State, Brasil, between April 2014 and June 2014. A cross-sectional questionnaire was applied. Random glucose test, blood pressure and body weight were evaluated and body mass index was calculated. Statistic analyses were performed by the software EPI INFO 7.0. The level of significance was set at 5% (p0.05). A total of 155 male long distance truck drivers was included in the study, 78.1% (121/155) said to be sedentary, 30.3% (47/155) were current smokers, 51% (79/155) were using alcoholic beverages with frequency and 58.3% (91/155) did not have a healthy eating. Almost 40% (61/155) were hypertensive (>13 x >8 MmHg), hyperglycemia (>200 mg/dL) was detected in 11.0% (17/155) and 80% (123/155) were obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Approximately 90% of hypertensive truck drivers had high BMI (p<0,05) and 81% with high BMI were sedentary (p<0,05). It is concluded that, the majority of truck drivers in this study had sedentary lifestyle associated with high prevalence of overweight and obesity. High BMI was directly associated with hypertension.

A alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi observada entre os motoristas profissionais. Um risco aumentado de hipertensão e obesidade pode estar relacionada com a longa jornada de trabalho. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o nível de glicose e a pressão arterial em motoristas de caminhão. Os motoristas de caminhão de longa distância foram recrutados em um posto de combustível, no Estado de Goiás, Brasil, entre abril de 2014 e junho de 2014. Um questionário foi aplicado. Foram realizados o teste de glicose ao acaso, aferição da pressão arterial, peso corporal e calculado o índice de massa corporal. As Análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo programa EPI INFO 7.0. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5% (p0,05). Foram incluídos no estudo um total de 155 motoristas de caminhão de longa distância do sexo masculino, 78,1% (121/155) disseram que eram sedentários, 30,3% (47/155) eram fumantes atuais, 51% (79/155) estavam usando bebidas alcoólicas com frequência e 58,3% (91/155) não têm uma alimentação saudável. Cerca de 40% (61/155) eram hipertensos (> 13 x > 8 mmHg), 11,6% (18/155) tinham hiperglicemia (> 200 mg / dL), e 80% (123/155) eram obesos (IMC < 25 kg / m2). Aproximadamente 90% dos motoristas de caminhão hipertensos apresentaram IMC elevado (p <0,05) e 81% com IMC elevado eram sedentários (p <0,05). Concluímos que a maioria dos caminhoneiros estudados tinham estilo de vida sedentário associado a alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. O IMC elevado foi diretamente associado com a hipertensão.

Uso de drogas por caminhoneiros que trafegam na rodovia BR-153 / Use of drugs by truck drivers traveling on highways

Objetivos: Abordar o perfil dos caminhoneiros que trafegam na BR153, o uso de drogas e as principais substâncias psicoativas consumidas por caminhoneiros e relacionar o consumo dessas substâncias aos aspectos de qualidade de vida e sócio demográficos dos motoristas de caminhão. Métodos: Foram abordados 161 motoristas de caminhão nas proximidades da cidade de Anápolis-Goiás na BR-153. Para avaliar os dados sócio demográficos assim como o uso de drogas entre os caminhoneiros, foi utilizado questionário semi - estruturado, Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Cigarro e Outras Drogas (ASSIST) modificado. A análise dos dados foi conduzida pelo programa estatístico SPSS-22. Resultados: A maioria dos caminhoneiros abordados era do sexo masculino (99,4%), autodeclarados brancos (60,9%), do estado de Goiás (43,8%) e percorreram em média 639 km/dia. Sobre o uso de anfetaminas (rebite), 32,9% admitiram terem feito uso dessa droga nos últimos três meses. Sobre a aquisição dessa substância, 38,3% relataram não encontrar dificuldades para adquirir a anfetamina e os postos de gasolina foi o local mais citado de acordo com os participantes. Conclusão: O uso de drogas por caminhoneiros se mostrou bem presente na rodovia BR-153, e isso reflete a falta de fiscalização e conscientização destes profissionais. Além disso, os postos de gasolina, que usualmente são os locais de descanso para essa categoria, se configuram como um dos principais centros para agravar as condições de saúde dos mesmos. (AU)

Objectives: To approach truck drivers profile in a highways near Anápolis- Goiás, drug use and the main psychoactive substances used by truckers and relate the consumption of these substances to the social and demographic aspects of truck drivers. Methods: 161 truck drivers were assessed. To approach the social and demographic data as well as drug consumption among truck drivers a semi - structured questionnaire, Involvement Screening Test with Alcohol, Cigarette and Other Drugs (ASSIST) modified was used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS22. Results: Most covered truck drivers were male (99.4%), self-declared white (60.9%), from the state of Goiás (43.8%) and traveled an average of 639 km (400 miles) / day. On the use of amphetamines, 32.9% admitted having used this drug in the last three months. On the acquisition of that substance, 38.3% reported not find it difficult to acquire amphetamine. The gas stations were the site over quoted according to participants. Conclusion: The use of drugs by truck drivers proved very present in Goiás highways, and this reflects the lack of oversight and awareness of these professionals. In addition, the gas stations, which usually are the rest local for this category are characterized as one of the main centers for serious health conditions. (AU)

Consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os aspectos ocupacionais relacionados à saúde do trabalhador caminhoneiro / Consumption of psychoactive substances and occupational aspects related to the health of truck drivers

Introdução: Atualmente, uma das preocupações no contexto social, político e econômico da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) são as vítimas acometidas por acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias do mundo. No âmbito nacional, os motoristas de caminhão participam efetivamente do transporte terrestre de cargas nas rodovias e estão vulneráveis a diversos agentes causadores de riscos e possíveis danos à saúde. Desta forma o presente estudo teve como Objetivos: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico dos motoristas de caminhão de transporte rodoviário de carga; identificar o processo de trabalho relacionado às características laborais desses motoristas; levantar o consumo de álcool, anfetaminas e cocaína pelos condutores de caminhão e sua associação com os riscos de acidentes automobilísticos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal descritivo com 354 motoristas de caminhão de transporte de cargas, que, ao passarem pela barreira fiscal no posto Nhangapi, na Rodovia Presidente Dutra, foram solicitados a permanecerem no local para averiguação do veículo e dos documentos fiscais. Os motoristas de caminhão responderam a um questionário estruturado, organizado em blocos de questões que incluíam perguntas referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, ao trabalho profissional e à saúde e aos hábitos de vida, além do questionário ASSIST. Os dados foram digitados no programa EPI INFO (versão 3.5.2) e analisados no programa - SPSS (versão 2.0). Ainda, a variável de desfecho foi o consumo de substâncias psicoativas, e as variáveis de exposição foram sociodemográficas, relacionadas à saúde e ao trabalho. O período de estudo compreendeu os anos de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: evidenciou-se entre os motoristas de caminhão: maior prevalência para o consumo moderado e alto de bebidas alcoólicas, anfetaminas e cocaína; aqueles com até 42 anos de idade e os que se declararam brancos, maior prevalência para anfetaminas; os que viviam sem parceiros, para bebidas alcoólicas; os que tinham renda per capita inferior a um salário mínimo, para três substâncias psicoativas; os que relataram dirigir por 5 horas ou mais ininterruptamente, maior prevalência para cocaína; os que exerciam sua atividade laboral no período noturno por até 8 anos, para bebidas alcoólicas; os que conseguiam descansar por até 6 horas, para anfetamina e cocaína; e os que tinham carga horária de 13 horas ou mais diárias, para três substâncias psicoativas; os que tinham autopercepção de saúde regular/ruim apresentaram maior frequência para consumo de anfetaminas; os que reportaram 1 dia ou mais de absenteísmo, para bebidas alcoólicas; os com índice de massa corporal (IMC) de baixo peso/normal, para cocaína; os que possuíam insônia, para bebidas alcoólicas e anfetaminas; já os com transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), para três substâncias psicoativas. Conclusão: tais resultados corroboram para traçar o perfil demográfico, as características laborais e o consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos motoristas de caminhão e evidenciar que são expostos a vários fatores, os quais intervêm na qualidade de vida e saúde destes, tornando esta uma questão de saúde pública, visto que esses trabalhadores trafegam pelas rodovias e podem ocasionar acidentes de trânsito.

Introduction: Currently, one of the concerns in the social, political and economic context of the World Health Organization (WHO) are the victims of traffic accidents on the world's roads. At the national level, truck drivers are effectively involved in the land transport of loads on the roads and are vulnerable to various agents causing risks and possible damage to health. Thus, the present study had as Objectives: to identify the sociodemographic profile of the drivers of road freight transport truck; identify the work process related to their labor characteristics; collect information on alcohol, amphetamine and cocaine use by truck drivers and their association with car accident risks. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study analyzing 354 freight truck drivers, who, when passing through the fiscal barrier at the Nhangapi control, on the Presidente Dutra Road, were asked to remain in the place to investigate the vehicle and the tax documents. The truck drivers responded to a structured questionnaire, organized in blocks of questions that included some regarding the sociodemographic profile, professional work, health and lifestyle habits, in addition to the ASIST questionnaire. The data were entered in the EPI INFO program (version 3.5.2) and analyzed in the program - SPS (version 2.0). The outcome variable was the consumption of psychoactive substances, and the exposure variables were sociodemographic, related to health and work. The study was conducted from 2015 to 2017. Results: it was evident among truck drivers: higher prevalence of moderate and high consumption of alcoholic beverages, amphetamines and cocaine; those up to 42 years old and those who declared themselves white, higher prevalence of amphetamines; those who lived without a partner, higher prevalence of alcoholic beverages; those with per capita incomes below a minimum wage, higher prevalence of three psychoactive substances; those who stated that they were driving for 5 hours or more uninterruptedly, higher prevalence of cocaine; those who undertook their work in the night period for 8 years, higher prevalence of alcoholic beverages; those who managed to rest up to 6 hours, higher prevalence of amphetamine and cocaine; those who had a daily workload of 13 hours or more, higher prevalence of three psychoactive substances; those who had regular/poor health self-perception had a higher frequency of amphetamine use; those who reported 1 day or more of absenteeism, higher frequency of alcoholic beverages; those whose body mass index (BMI) was low weight/normal, higher frequency of cocaine; those who had insomnia, higher frequency of alcoholic beverages and amphetamines; and those with common mental disorders (CMD), higher frequency of three psychoactive substances. Conclusion: these results help to trace the demographic profile, occupational characteristics and consumption of psychoactive substances by truck drivers and show that they are exposed to several factors that intervene in their quality of life and health. It also becomes a public health issue, given that these workers travel on the roads and can cause traffic accidents.

Introducción: Actualmente, una de las preocupaciones en el contexto social, político y económico de la Organización Mundial de la Salud son las víctimas de accidentes de tránsito en las carreteras del mundo. En el ámbito nacional, los conductores de camión participan efectivamente del transporte terrestre de cargas y están vulnerables a diversos agentes causadores de riesgos y posibles daños a la salud. Siendo así, el presente estudio tuvo como Objetivos: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico de los conductores de camión de transporte de carga; identificar el proceso de trabajo relacionado a sus características laborales; recopilar información sobre consumo de alcohol, anfetaminas y cocaína por los conductores de camión y su asociación con los riesgos de accidentes automovilísticos. Métodos: Este es un estudio epidemiológico transversal descriptivo analizando a 354 conductores de camión de transporte de cargas, a los que, al pasar por la barrera de control Nhangapi, en la Carretera Presidente Dutra, se solicitó que ahí permanecieran para averiguación del vehículo y de los documentos fiscales. Los conductores de camión respondieron a un cuestionario estructurado, organizado en bloques que incluían preguntas referentes a perfil sociodemográfico, trabajo profesional, salud y hábitos de vida, además del cuestionario ASIST. En cuanto a los datos, se introdujeron en el programa EPI INFO (versión 3.5.2) y se analizaron en el programa SPS (versión 2.0). La variable de resultado fue el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las variables de exposición fueron sociodemográficas, relacionadas a salud y trabajo. El estudio se llevó a cabo de 2015 a 2017. Resultados: quedó evidente entre los conductores de camión: mayor prevalencia de consumo moderado y alto de bebidas alcohólicas, anfetaminas y cocaína; aquellos de hasta 42 años y los que se declararon blancos, mayor prevalencia de anfetaminas; los que vivían sin pareja, de bebidas alcohólicas; aquellos cuyos ingresos per cápita inferiores a un salario mínimo, de tres sustancias psicoactivas; los que declararon que manejaban durante 5 horas o más ininterrumpidamente, mayor prevalencia de cocaína; los que ejercían su actividad laboral en el período nocturno desde hace 8 años, de bebidas alcohólicas; los que lograban descansar hasta 6 horas, de anfetamina y cocaína; los que tenían carga laboral diaria de 13 horas o más, de tres sustancias psicoactivas; los que tenían autopercepción de salud regular/mala presentaron mayor frecuencia de consumo de anfetaminas; los que reportaron 1 día o más de absentismo, de bebidas alcohólicas; aquellos cuyo índice de masa corporal (IMC) era de peso bajo/normal, de cocaína; los que sufrían insomnio, de bebidas alcohólicas y anfetaminas; y aquellos con trastornos mentales comunes (TMC), de tres sustancias psicoactivas. Conclusión: esos resultados ayudan a trazar el perfil demográfico, las características laborales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por los conductores de camión y evidenciar que están expuestos a varios factores que intervienen en su calidad de vida y salud. Se vuelve también una cuestión de salud pública, puesto que esos trabajadores transitan por las carreteras y pueden causar accidentes de tránsito.

Modelo de roteiro de inspeção sanitária para food trucks no município do Rio de Janeiro / Model sanitary inspection route for food trucks in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Os Food Trucks (FT) marcaram presença no Município do Rio de Janeiro neste último ano como uma atividade gastronômica alternativa. Experiências anteriores em eventos de médio e grande porte foram reveladoras e suscitaram a necessidade da criação de um modelo de roteiro de inspeção sanitária específico para os veículos automotores com manipulação de alimentos. A utilização do roteiro de inspeção sanitária para veículos que transportam alimentos, constante na Resolução SMG "N" nº 604/02, permitiu uma avaliação inicial das condições higienicossanitárias nas Unidades Móveis de Alimentação (UMA). Enfatiza-se a importância da elaboração de um roteiro direcionado para essa atividade diferenciada no ramo alimentício, com o propósito de oferecer alimentos com qualidade sanitária à população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sugerir um modelo de roteiro de inspeção sanitária específico para os FT, a fim de que seja brevemente regulamentado e utilizado nas inspeções dos FT pela Vigilância Sanitária do Município do Rio de Janeiro.

The Food Trucks (FT) attended in the city of Rio de Janeiro in this last year as an alternative gastronomic activity. Previous experiences in medium and large events were revealing and raised the need to create a checklist of Sanitary Inspection specific to motor vehicles with food handling. The use of the sanitary inspection checklist for vehicles transporting food according to SMG Resolution "N" nº 604/02, allowed an initial evaluation of sanitary hygienic conditions in the Mobile Food Units (MFU). It emphasizes the importance of developing a specific checklist for the differentiated activity in the food industry, with thepurpose of offering foods with health quality to the population. The objective of this paper is to suggest a checklist of sanitary inspection specific to the FT, so that it will soon be regulated and used in inspections of the FT by the Health Surveillance of the City of Rio de Janeiro.

Uso contínuo de medicamentos e condições de trabalho entre motoristas de caminhão / Continued use of drugs and working conditions among truck drivers

Resumo Os motoristas de caminhão têm sido pouco explorados quanto aos problemas de saúde que os acometem e, principalmente, quanto ao seu perfil de consumo de medicamentos. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o uso contínuo de medicamentos, por motoristas de caminhão, e identificar as características profissionais associadas. Para a sua realização, conduziu-se um estudo transversal com motoristas de caminhão estacionados no Pátio de Triagem do Porto de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Realizou-se uma entrevista com obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, problemas de saúde, condições de trabalho e uso contínuo de medicamentos. Dos motoristas avaliados (n = 665), 21,1% referiram utilizar algum medicamento continuamente, com destaque para o captopril (10,7%), metformina (10,3%), omeprazol (6,2%) e sinvastatina (6,2%). Motoristas com dezesseis anos ou mais de experiência profissional (RP 1,67; IC 95% 1,11-2,51), proprietários do próprio caminhão (RP 1,38; IC 95% 1,03-1,86) e que não possuíam vínculo empregatício formal (RP 1,49; IC 95% 1,11-2,00) apresentaram maior prevalência de uso contínuo de medicamentos. Observa-se que algumas condições de trabalho têm importante papel do uso contínuo de medicamentos pelos motoristas de caminhão.

Abstract Few studies have been conducted on truck drivers with regard to their health problems, especially their drug consumption profile. This study aimed to determine the continuous use of drugs and to identify use-related professional characteristics among this category. A cross-sectional study was carried out with truck drivers parked at the sorting yard of the, Port of Paranaguá, Paraná. An interview to obtain socioeconomic data, data on health problems, working conditions and continued use of medication was performed. Of the drivers evaluated (n = 665), 21.1% reported a continuous use of some medication, mainly captopril (10.7%), metformin (10.3%), omeprazole (6.2%) and simvastatin (6.2%). Drivers with 16 or more years of professional experience (Prevalence Ratio [PR] 1.67; Confidence Interval [CI] 95% 1.11-2.51), truck owners (PR 1.38; CI 95% 1.03-1.86) and without formal labor contract (PR 1.49; CI 95% 1.11-2.00) had a higher prevalence of continuous use of medication. We noted that some working conditions play an important role in the continuous use of drugs by truck drivers.