Identification of B(A) subtype and analysis of bood transfusion strategiaes / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the serology and genotype identification method of B (A) subtype patients. 【Methods】 Test tube method (serology) was used to confirm the clinically difficult ABO blood group samples of 3 patients with ABO blood group; ABO blood group was genotyped by real-time PCR, and the ABO gene exon 1-7 was sequenced to determine the genotype. 【Results】 The forward and reverse blood typing result of three patients was B (A) subtype all with ABO genotype B/O2 and c.640A> G mutation on B allele of exon 7, which meets the characteristics of ABO * BA.04 genotype. 【Conclusion】 The combination of serological and genetic testing could identify difficult blood types such as ABO subtypes accurately and ensure the safety of clinical blood use.

Study of biofilm formation in bacterial isolates from contact lens wearers

Purpose: To detect biofilm forming capacity of bacterial isolates obtained from the conjunctiva, contact lens and accessories of contact lens wearers using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: Bacterial strains were collected from the conjunctiva, contact lens and lens storage cases of contact lens wearers. The phenotypic detection of biofilm production was done using the tube method and congo red agar method. The biofilm-forming related genes, icaA, of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) and Staphylococcus aureus, and pslA, of P. aeruginosa, were detected using PCR. Results: A total of 265 bacterial isolates which included S. aureus, CONS, Pseudomonas, Nil-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), Bacillus spp, Diphtheroids, Micrococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, Klebsiella oxytoca, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter koseri, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Moraxella were obtained. Of the 265 isolates, 53.5% were moderately positive, 33.2% strongly positive and 13.2% negative for biofilm production by tube method and 36.6% were moderately positive, 40% strongly positive and 23.3% negative for biofilm production by congo red agar method. Of the four S. aureus isolates, two (50%) showed the presence of icaA gene. Of the 23 CONS isolates, three (13%) showed the presence of icaA gene. All the Pseudomonas isolates were negative for presence pslA (1119 bp) gene though most of them were phenotypically positive for biofilm formation. Conclusion: Most of the bacterial isolates obtained from contact lens wearers had the potential to produce biofilms. Tube method and Congo red agar method exhibited significant statistical correlation (P-value = 0.006) and picked up a good number of biofilm-forming isolates, hence may be used for detection of biofilm production. The absence of biofilm-forming gene did not rule out the possibility for phenotypic biofilm production by bacteria.

Factors Affecting Hemagglutinations Strength in ABO Blood Group Typing Test Using the Tube Method

BACKGROUND: The ABO blood group typing test (ABO test) is an initial pre-transfusion test based on hemagglutination. Although various factors affect hemagglutination strength, few studies have examined how these factors can be applied in clinical laboratories and their effects on hemagglutination. This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting hemagglutination strength in the ABO test using a tube method applied in many laboratories. METHODS: We conducted a detailed questionnaire survey of 51 laboratories which use the ABO test with a tube method. We also analyzed the results of the ABO test (cell and serum typing) with 40 specimens using factors affecting hemagglutination at a tube method and applied differently in each laboratory. RESULTS: Each laboratory used various methods to prepare red cell suspensions as specimens or reagents and used different reagent to sample ratios, centrifugation protocols, and shaking test tubes before evaluating hemagglutination strength. By testing various combinations of these factors, direct sampling from the red cell layer of the original specimen was found to have the largest effect on lowering hemagglutination strength in cell typing tests. In serum typing tests, various factors influenced hemagglutination strength, including shaking the tube before analysis and the concentration of a home-made red cell suspension used as a reagent. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve accurate results in the ABO test by the tube method, detailed guidelines that include the factors affecting hemagglutination strength determined in this study should be established.

Clinical study on the treatment of prominent ear by personalized horizontal mattress suture combined with cartilage tube method / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To study the effect of individualized treatment of prominent ears using mattress suture combined tubed cartilage method.@*Methods@#A total of 21 patients (28 ears) with prominent ear deformity were retrospectively analyzed from January 2013 to December 2015. Horizontal mattress suture and tubed cartilage were used to correct the deformed ears. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 1 year (mean: 9 months).@*Results@#Hematoma occurred in 3 cases after operation, but the wounds were healed after removal of hematoma. No infection, flap necrosis, cartilage absorption or deformation, or other complications occurred. 28 ears were corrected. The shape of the antihelix was smooth and the auriculocephalic angle and scapha-conchal angle were significantly reduced, compared with preoperative. No obvious scar hypertrophy was left on incision.@*Conclusions@#The method of horizontal mattress suture combined with tubed cartilage is simple to use for prominent ear, result in satisfactory and stable outcomes.

Analysis of antibody potency of IgG blood group in O-type blood pregnant women by three methods / 中国输血杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of microcolumn gel reagent card,micro-column glass bead reagent card and classical test tube on the antibody titer of O-type pregnant women with ABO blood group.Determination of antibody potency of pregnant women with rabbit by reagent card.Methods Using microcolumn gel reagent card,micro-column glass beads reagent card,and classical test tube parallel detection to detect the IgG blood group antibody titer of O blood type pregnant women.Results There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate between the microcolumn gel reagent card and the microcolumn glass beads reagent card at 1:128 and the test tube method at 1:64 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The clinical reference value of microcolumn gel reagent card and microcolumn glass beads reagent kit for detecting antibody titer of IgG blood group in O-type pregnant women should be set to ≥ 1:128.

Effect of Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method on detecting schistosome eggs / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of the Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method on detecting schistosome eggs. Methods A total of 803 residents aged from 6-65 years were selected in 2 schistosomiasis endemic villages Jiangling Coun-ty Hubei Province and their stool samples were collected and detected parallelly by the Kato-Katz technique nylon silk egg hatching method and Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method at the same time. Results Among the 803 people 15 cases were found of schistosome egg positive and the positive rate was 1.87%. The positive rates of the Kato-Katz technique nylon silk egg hatching method and Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method were 0.75% 1.49% and 1.12% respectively. The schistosome eggs got with the Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method were clear and easy to identify. Conclusion In low endemic areas of schistosomiasis the Parasep? feces centrifuge tube method can be used as schistosomiasis japonica etiology diagnosis method.

Experimental Studies on Hemostatic Effect and Hemostatic Mechanism of Water Decoction of Blumea Megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to evaluate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of action for water decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng in order to understand its influence to the liver function. The glass slides method and capillary tube method were used in the measurement of the coagulation time (CT). And the tail-cutting method was used to measure the bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated part clotting live en-zyme time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), content of plasma fibrinogen (FIB), platelet count (PLC), plasma complex cal-cium time (PRT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The results showed that intragastric administration with different doses of water decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng (6.7 g·kg-1, 13.4 g·kg-1, 26.8 g·kg-1) can reduce CT and BT of mice. And intragastric administration with different doses of wa-ter decoction of Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng (4.7 g·kg-1, 9.4 g·kg-1, 18.9 g·kg-1) can produce different degrees of impact on PT, APTT, TT and PRT of rats. Certain dose of water decoction of Blumea megacepha-la (Randeria) Chang et Tseng can reduce ALT and AST. It was concluded that Blumea megacephala (Randeria) Chang et Tseng had the hemostatic effect and its mechanism of action may be through the activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation system. There was no obvious damage to the liver.

In vitro production of biofilm in a flow cell system in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and determination of efficiency of ciprofloxacin against them.

Background: Microorganisms develop biofilm on various medical devices. The process is particularly relevant in public health since biofilm associated organisms are much more resistant to antibiotics and have a potential to cause infections in patients with indwelling medical devices. Materials and Methods: To determine the efficiency of an antibiotic against the biofilm it is inappropriate to use traditional technique of determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on the free floating laboratory phenotype. Thus we have induced formation of biofilm in two strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which showed heavy growth of biofilm in screening by Tube method) in a flow cell system and determined their antibiotic susceptibility against ciprofloxacin by agar dilution method in the range (0.25 mg/ml to 8 mg/ml). The MIC value of ciprofloxacin for the biofilm produced organism was compared with its free form and a standard strain as control on the same plates. Observations: Both the biofilm produced strains showed a higher resistance (MIC > 8 mg/ml) than its free form, which were 2 μg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. Thus biofilm can pose a threat in the patient treatment.

Evaluation of ABO Antibody Titration Using Tube and Column Agglutination Techniques

BACKGROUND: ABO antibody titration is useful for the evaluation of ABO-incompatible bone marrow or solid organ transplantations, yet the results quite vary between different test methods used. We compared the results of microcolumn agglutination and tube methods. METHODS: Anti-A and anti-B isoagglutionin titers were determined in 63 healthy individuals (23 O, 20 A, and 20 B blood groups) using 4 different methods: immediate spin tube (tube), microcolumn agglutination without anti-human globulin (AHG) (CAT), tube with AHG (tube-AHG) and microcolumn agglutination with AHG (CAT-AHG). RESULTS: The median (range) titers of anti-A and anti-B in group O individuals by tube, CAT, tube-AHG, and CAT-AHG methods were 64 (8-512), 64 (8-512), 128 (8-2,048), and 128 (16-2,048); 64 (16-128), 128 (16-256), 128 (16-512), and 256 (16-512), respectively. The median (range) titers of anti-A in group B and anti-B in group A individuals by the four methods were 64 (16-128), 128 (8-128), 128 (8-256), and 256 (8-256); 64 (8-128), 64 (8-128), 32 (8-128), and 64 (8-256), respectively. The isoagglutinin titer measured by CAT-AHGmethod was the highest. The titers measured by CAT and CAT-AHG methods were 0-1 titer higher than those by tube and tube-AHG methods, respectively. Whatever method was used, the isoagglutinin titers were higher in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: CAT-AHG was the most sensitive method among the four methods tested. Since AHG titer values are critical for the clinical management and CAT has less manual procedures than tube method, CAT-AHG method could be used for the standardization of ABO antibody titration in different institutions.

Relation between sealed tube method and retention time of intravenous catheter system / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the relation between sealed tube method and retention time of intravenous catheter system . Methods Adopt direct injection seal-tube method, saline injection seal-tube method and heparin liquid seal-tube method with common intravenous catheter were adopted the intravenous catheter's retention time and incidence of phlebitis were observed. Results The retention time in direct injection seal-tube group and saline injec-tion seal-tube group respectively prolonged of 25.7% and 19. 3% compared with heparin liquid seal-tube group.There was significant difference (P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05) through statistical analysis. But there was no significant differ-ence(P 0. 05) between direct injection seal-tube group and saline injection seal-tube group in retention time. Theincidence of phlebitis in both direct injection seal-tubo group and saline injection seal-tube group were below to the heparin liquid seal-tube group. There was significant difference(P 0. 05) in the three groups. But there was no sig-nificant difference(P 0. 05) between direct injection seal-tube group and saline injection seal-tube group in the inci-dence of phlebitis. Conclusion Direct injection seal-tube method and saline injection seal-tube method can signifi-cantly extend intravenous catheter's retention time and reduce the incidence of phlebitis.

Implementação, avaliação e comparação dos protocolos de desmame com Tubo-T e Pressão Suporte associada à pressão expiratória final positiva em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica por mais de 48 horas em unidade de terapia intensiva / Implementation, assessment and comparison of the T-Tube and pressure-support weaning protocols applied to the intensive care unit patients who had received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A retirada precoce da ventilação mecânica dos pacientes das unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) é importante para a redução da morbimortalidade, porém na prática, os desmames são realizados aleatoriamente. Face à importância desse procedimento, esse estudo avaliou a implementação de protocolos de desmame e comparou dois métodos distintos. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 120 pacientes dependentes de ventilação mecânica por mais de 48 horas. O método de Pressão Suporte + PEEP (PSP), foi aplicado aos pacientes em dias pares, constituindo o grupo 1 (GPSP) e em dias ímpares, utilizou-se o método do Tubo-T (TT), formando o grupo 2 (GTT), RESULTADOS: A resposta dos pacientes à extubação revelou evolução semelhante nos dois grupos, porém deixou claro, pela análise estatística do teste Qui-quadrado, o benefício de se utilizar um protocolo de desmame. De todos os pacientes estudados, 109 (90,83 por cento) tiveram sucesso na extubação não sendo necessário nenhum tipo de ventilação não-invasiva dentro de 24 horas após o desmame, enquanto que apenas 11 pacientes (9,17 por cento) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica não-invasiva ou de re-intubação no mesmo período, caracterizando o insucesso do desmame. CONCLUSÕES: A implementação e a padronização de protocolos de desmame da ventilação mecânica, reduziu significativamente o índice de re-intubação na UTI, diminuindo o período de internação e o índice de morbimortalidade, porém neste estudo, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os métodos analisados.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mechanical ventilation incurs significant morbidity and mortality, weaning intensive care unit patients is highly desirable, although it is usuallyconducted in an empirical manner. Thus, this article assessed a weaning protocol implementation and compared two different methods. METHODS: It was carried out a study involving 120 patients who had received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. These patients were randomlyassigned to undergo one of two weaning techniques: pressure-supportventilation + PEEP (PSP) technique, which was applied to the patients in equal days, forming the PSP group (PSPG) and the T-tube method (TT), applied in odd days and forming the TT group (TTG). Standardized protocols were followedfor each technique RESULTS: The patients response to extubation revealed similar progress in both PSP and TT groups, but after the Chi-square statistical test, the benefits of using a weaning protocol was clear. One hundred nine (90.83 percent) of all patients, had a successful weaning and any noninvasive ventilation type was needed in a span time of 24 hours after extubation, and only eleven (9.17 percent), had an unsuccessful weaning. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study didn't show any difference between the two methods applied, we could conclude that, the implementation of standardized weaning protocols can substantially decrease the patient's reintubation rate, promoting a downward trend in mortality and morbidity for these patients and shortening their hospital and intensive care units length of stay.

The Frequency of Unexpected Antibodies in Blood Donors and Transfusion Candidates in Korea / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed to estimate the frequency of red cell antibodies in blood donors (n=1,620,023) and transfusion candidates (SNUH n=12,111, YUMH n=26,665) for last 2 years (2000~2001). The results of the antibody screening and identification tests, the frequency and specificities of antibodies identified compared with blood centers and two hospitals had been used the different test methods each others. METHOD: Blood centers had been used tube and micro-plate method simultaneously with an in house and commercial panels. SNUH had been used micro-plate method using V plate with an in house and commercial panels. YUMH had been used gel agglutination technique (DiaMed ID System : DiaMed, Murten; Switzerland) since 1998. RESULTS: The frequencies of red blood cell antibodies were 0.26% (4,204 / 1,620,023 donor sera ), 0.11% (135 / 12,111 patient sera in SNUH) and 0.48% (128 / 26,665 patient sera in YUMH). Female donors and old ages showed higher frequency of red cell antibodies than male and young ages. Most of antibodies detected in donors were clinically less relevant antibodies such as Anti-Lea and Leb (38.9%), anti-P1 (18.1%), anti-H(IH) (8.4%), anti-M (6.2%) and so on. Clinically significant antibodies including Rh system antibodies (2.0%) were few, and composed only 12% of all the antibodies detected. In patients, clinically relevant antibodies including Rh antibodies (40.4% in SNUH, 71.9% in YUMH) were more frequently observed comparing with in donors. CONCLUSION: Antibodies found in donors were mostly clinically less relevant. Antibody screening method used in blood centers would be standardized. Blood banks using gel technique showed high detection rate of clinically significant antibodies comparing with facilities using other methods.