Blood immunological analysis of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by Rh deletion type D-- / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the causes of a case of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN),and investigate the genetic background of maternal Rh deletion D--formation. 【Methods】 Blood samples of maternal and fetus were collected, and ABO blood typing, Rh blood typing, antibody screening and identification test were performed to explore the blood group serological characteristics of Rh deletion type D--, and Rh gene sequence was performed on parturient. 【Results】 The maternal blood group was identified to be O type, D--, and the anti-Hr0 antibody against Rh high-frequency antigen was suspected to be caused by multiple pregnancies which passes through the placental barrier and enable fetus to obtain anti Hr0 antibody, leading to HDFN, with genetic testing result as RH RHCE* Ce/RHCE* Ce. 【Conclusion】 In-depth research on the formation mechanism of Rh D-- in parturient should be conducted to provide clinical value for HDFN blood exchange treatment and blood transfusion in special blood group population.

Correlation between type D personality and alexithymia among patients with depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between alexithymia and type D personality in patients with depressive disorder， so as to further enrich the psychological theory of depressive disorder. MethodsFrom May to August 2020， 100 inpatients in Psychosomatic Medicine Department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） for depressive episode were selected as the research objects. Basic information， type D personality， alexithymia and depressive symptoms of the patients were investigated via self-compiled general demographic questionnaire， Type D Personality Scale 14 （DS-14）， Toronto Alexithymia Scale （TAS-20） and Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）.Spearman correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the scores of each scale. ResultsA total of 82 patients with depressive disorder completed the survey， of whom 75 patients （91.46%） were found to have type D personality， and 50 patients （60.98%） were found to have alexithymia. The total scores of TAS-20， DS-14 and PHQ-9 were positively correlated （r=0.276~0.354， P<0.05 or 0.01）. TAS-20 total score and dimensional scores were positively correlated with social inhibition dimension score in DS-14 （r=0.224~0.375， P<0.05 or 0.01）. TAS-20 total score and the scores of difficulty in identifying feelings and difficulty in describing feelings dimensions were positively correlated the negative affectivity dimension score in DS-14 （r=0.257~0.341， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionAlexithymia is closely related to type D personality in patients with depressive disorder.

Correlation between Type D personality and white matter hyperintensities in patients with cerebral small vessel disease / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the Type D personality and the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).Methods:Consecutive patients with CSVD admitted to the Changzhou First People's Hospital between November 2020 and June 2021 were enrolled prospectively. The patients were scored on the Type D Personality Scale at admission; the scores of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) dimension were calculated respectively. The general data, laboratory examination data and imaging data of the patients were collected. Periventricular and deep WMHs were scored using the Fazekas visual scoring method. The total score 0-2 was defined as low-WMHs (L-WMHs), and 3-6 was defined as high-WMHs (H-WMHs). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factor of WMHs. Results:A total of 100 patients with CSVD were enrolled, including 51 males (51%), aged 67.21±9.38 years, 29 (29%) had Type D personality; 56 (56%) were in the L-WMHs group and 44 (44%) were in the H-WMHs group. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of Type D personality, NA dimension score, the proportion of hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and homocysteine in the H-WMHs group were significantly higher than those in the L-WMHs group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NA dimension score (odds ratio [ OR] 18.351, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 2.780-121.135; P=0.003), age ( OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.039-1.238; P=0.005) and hypertension ( OR 7.771, 95% CI 1.525-39.607; P=0.014) were significantly positively correlated with the severity of WMHs, while triglycerides were significantly negatively correlated with the severity of WMHs ( OR 0.306, 95% CI 0.130-0.722; P=0.007). Conclusion:Type D personality is closely associated with the severity of WMHs in patients with CSVD.

Four years stability of type D personality in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and its implications for psychological impairment

Abstract Background: Psoriasis is a systemic auto-inflammatory disease that is related to an increased risk of organic and psychological comorbidities. Type D is a stable personality trait in healthy subjects but there is no data regarding its stability in patients with moderate-severe psoriasis. Objectives: To assess the stability of type D personality in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis as well as assessing the influence of type D personality on anxiety and depression. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Forty psoriasis patients with type D personality and sixtysix patients with psoriasis without type D personality were included in the study. Participants completed the DS14 test and HADS at baseline and four years later. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of type D personality was 37.7% and at week 208 it was 27.3%. The stability of type D personality was higher in patients with an incomplete education level and in those who were separated/divorced or windowed. During follow-up, 15% of patients developed type D personality. Male sex, having topical treatment, the presence of previous depression, anxiety, and high levels of negative affectivity at baseline increase the risk of developing type D personality. Study limitations: Sample size, psoriasis severity restricted to moderate and severe and all patients being under treatment for psoriasis. Conclusion The presence of type D personality varies over time in psoriasis patients. Therefore, type D personality is possibly more a state than a trait phenomenon, modified by environmental factors. Type D personality is associated with a higher risk of anxiety.

Mediating effects of illness perception between type D personality and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of illness perception between type D personality and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2020, 282 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated using the type D personality scale, brief illness perception questionnaire, and myocardial infarction multi-dimensional assessment scale.Results:The incidence of type D personality in patients with acute myocardial infarction was 32.27%. The total scores of illness perception and quality of life among myocardial infarction patients with type D personality were (49.10±11.62) and (71.54±7.79), respectively. The total scores of illness perception and quality of life among myocardial infarction patients without type D personality were (35.06±13.39) and (59.24±9.31), respectively. There were significant differences in the total scores of illness perception and for the scores of each dimensions between type D personality and non-type D personality patients with acute myocardial infarction ( P<0.001). The total scores of illness perception and quality of life were (39.59±14.42) and (63.21±10.54), respectively. Type D personality was positively correlated with illness perception ( r=0.456, P<0.01), Type D personality was positively correlated with quality of life ( r=0.546, P<0.01), with illness perception found to be positively correlated with quality of life ( r=0.684, P<0.01). Illness perception played a mediating role in the relationship between type D personality and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( β=0.294, P<0.001). Conclusions:As an intermediary variable, illness perception can affect the relationship between type D personality and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, medical staff should pay attention to the personality characteristics of patients and implement targeted nursing intervention measures to improve the illness perception of patients, in order to improve their quality of life.

A cross sectional study to find out the prevalence of type D personality and its associated factors among undergraduate students of a dental college in western Uttar Pradesh

Background: An individual personality is reflected in their thoughts, emotion and behavior. Type D personality is defined as joint tendency towards negative emotions and social inhibition. Type D personality is associated with anxiety, depression and psychological stress. The present study is conducted to assess the incidence of Type D personality in the under graduate dental students as they are prone to excessive stress in their education. To study the prevalence Type D personality in first year dental students and to study the various variables associated with type D personality.Methods: The personality of students was analyzed by using DS 14 questionnaire. Likert scale was used to calculate the personality score. The students scoring high on either or both subscales taking cut off value as 10 was considered as type D.Results: 15% students had only social inhibition and 7% students had only negative affectivity. 5% students had both social inhibition and negative affectivity. Overall, the prevalence type D personality was found to be 27% among the students of dental college. The type D personality students were significantly associated with habits like alcoholism.Conclusions: The early identification of Type D personality can be helpful both for physical and mental wellbeing and we can minimize its impact on health by adopting healthier life style, yoga and meditation, mentorship in early college days, emotional support etc.

Avaliação de personalidade tipo D e percepção de doença em pacientes cardiopatas / Evaluation of type D personality and ilness perception in patientes with coronary artery disease / Evaluación de personalidad tipo D y percepción de enfermedad en pacientes cardiopatas

As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte no Mundo, podendo sua etiologia estar ligada a fatores psicológicos, como a Personalidade Tipo D. Indivíduos com esse tipo de personalidade apresentam vivência crônica de afetividade negativa associada à inibição social. Outro fator importante no adoecimento é a maneira como os sujeitos percebem sua saúde, pois esta resultará na implementação de estratégias para lidar com sua condição. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, pela aplicação dos instrumentos Brief IPQ e DS-14, a relação entre a percepção de doença e a prevalência de Personalidade Tipo D em 80 pacientes com DAC , durante internação hospitalar. Na comparação das médias, pode-se verificar que os sujeitos com PTD tendem a perceber maior severidade em sua doença. Foram encontrados, também, índices baixos de entendimento dos fatores causais e temporalidade da doença. Ressalta-se o papel das estratégias psicoeducativas como fundamentais na atenção a esses pacientes.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Brazil, multiple factors are related to the etiology of this condition, including those of psychological origin, such as Type D Personality, that seems to predispose subjects to a chronic stress state that would increase the risk of developing CVDs. Another factor with influence in the disease is the way individuals perceive their health status, being this perception responsible for the way they create devices to deal with their condition. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate, using Brief IPQ and DS-14 Scale, the relationship between the perception of disease and the prevalence of Type D Personality in 80 patients with CAD during hospitalization. It can be observed that, although no statistical correlations were found between the variables, subjects with TDP tend to perceive greater severity in their disease. We also found low levels of understanding and the temporality of the disease. The role of psychoeducational strategies is highlighted.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la principal causa de muerte en el mundo, pudiendo su etiología estar ligada a factores psicológicos, como la Personalidad Tipo D. Otro factor importante en los contextos de enfermedad es la manera en que los sujetos perciben su salud, ya que resultará en la implementación de estrategias para lidiar con su condición. En este sentido el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar por la aplicación de los instrumentos Brief IPQ y DS-14, la relación entre la percepción de enfermedad y la prevalencia de Personalidad Tipo D en 80 pacientes con DAC durante internación hospitalaria. Aunque, no significativamente entre las variables, los sujetos con PTD tienden a percibir mayor severidad en su enfermedad. Se encontraron, también, índices bajos de entendimiento de los factores causales y de la temporalidad de la enfermedad. Se resalta el papel de las estrategias psicoeducativas como fundamentales en la atención a estos pacientes.

Adaptación y validez de la Escala de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana / Adaptation and validity of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a Mexican sample

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en explorar las propiedades psicométricas de una adaptación al castellano del Cuestionario de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana (n = 702). Se evaluó la escala mediante un enfoque no paramétrico basado en el escalamiento Mokken y se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio por el método de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados con media y varianza ajustada (WLSMV), consistencia interna con coeficiente omega (ω), invarianza de medición por género, y validez convergente con medidas de salud mental (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depresión, trastornos de sueño, disfunción social y síntomas somáticos), parcializando los efectos de estresores laborales (JCQ = demandas y control laboral). Los resultados evidenciaron correlaciones parciales de bajas a moderadas de los ítems DS-14 con los puntajes de salud mental, así como índices de confiabilidad aceptables (ω = .62 - .86). Se halló invarianza de medición entre hombres y mujeres, y la estructura bifactorial original mostró índices de ajuste satisfactorios (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Adicionalmente, se vislumbró la viabilidad de una estructura unidimensional, en particular para una versión de 9 ítems (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04), la cual necesita estudios adicionales de replicabilidad. Se concluye que la escala DS-14 produce puntajes válidos y confiables, y se discuten estos hallazgos y sus implicaciones para la investigación futura.

The goal of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a sample of Mexican participants (n = 702). The scale was evaluated through a non-parametric approach based on Mokken scaling. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses were performed using the weighted least squares mean and variance (WLSMV) method, internal consistency estimation with omega coefficient (ω), measurement invariance by gender, and convergent validity with mental health measures (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depression, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms), and controlling job stressors (JCQ = job demands and job control). The results showed low to moderate partial correlations in DS-14 items concerning the mental health scores, and acceptable reliability rates (ω = .62 - .86). Measurement invariance between men and women was found, and the original two-factor structure showed satisfactory adjustment indices (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Furthermore, the viability of a one-dimensional structure, which needs future replicability studies, was glimpsed particularly in the 9-item version (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04). It is concluded that the DS-14 scale generates valid and reliable scores, and these findings and implications are discussed for further research.

A Case of Lymphomatoid Papulosis Type D / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Effect of Type D Personality on Short-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of type D personality on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation rates and the effect of a short-term CR program. METHODS: Study participants included patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients completed the Type D personality Scale (DS-14) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at program entry. Subjects were recommended participation in 6 weeks of CR exercise training. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was conducted before and after completion of the training. CR participation refers to completion of the 6-week CR exercise program and performance of the secondary CPET. Drop-out refers to the subjects who were unable to participate in the 6-week CR exercise program or to perform the secondary CPET. RESULTS: At baseline, type D personality was evident in 21 of 63 patients (33.3%). Type D patients were more often depressed (57.1%) and anxious (38.1%) than non-type D patients (31.0% and 9.5%, respectively). At baseline, participants with type D personality showed a decreased body mass index (24.6 vs. 26.1 kg/m², p=0.025). The type D group displayed a lower CR participation rate (5/21, 23.8%) compared with the non-type D group of (22/42, 52.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed the association of type D personality with CR drop-out rate (odds ratio=3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–12.5; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Type D personality was independently associated with drop-out from CR program and with significantly higher levels of anxiety and depressive mood.

Influence of Type D Personality, Dietary Assessment and Increase Exposure Toward Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on the Dysmenorrhea

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the factors that influence dysmenorrhea. METHODS: In this study, 205 female participants were enrolled. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included scales to assess general characteristics, personality type, dietary assessment, eincrease exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals, and the occurrence of dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlational coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The average score for dysmenorrhea was 85.04±32.69 points. The percentage of participants belonging to the Type D Personality group was 21.0%. Type D Personality (r=0.473, p < 0.001) and increase exposure toward endocrine disrupting chemicals (r=0.532, p < 0.001) correlated moderately with the level of dysmenorrhea. The correlation between the degree of dietary assessment and the level of dysmenorrhea was weakly negative (r=−0.170, p < 0.05). The most powerful predictor of dysmenorrhea was personality type (β=0.37, p < 0.001). A combination of the following factors accounted for 27.3% of the variance in dysmenorrhea: menstrual amount, menstrual regulation, occupation, and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that when nursing assessments and interventions are performed for women with dysmenorrhea, it is necessary for nurses to take into account the personality type of the patient.

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens from goats in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Isolamento e genotipagem de Clostridium perfringens isolados de cabras em Minas Gerais, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Despite the known importance of Clostridium perfringens as an enteropathogen in small ruminants, little is known about the role of its additional virulence factors or the frequency of the various C. perfringens genotypes in healthy goats; this complicates the laboratory diagnosis of the infections caused by this microorganism. In light of this, the aim of the present study was to isolate and genotype C. perfringens from stool samples from healthy goats in Brazil. Stool samples from 250 apparently healthy adult goats from 17 different herds in Minas Gerais, Brazil were collected, and isolation and genotyping of C. perfringens was performed. C. perfringens type A was isolated from 189 (75.6%) goats, whereas C. perfringens types C and D were each detected in one goat (0.4%). All isolates were negative for enterotoxin-, NetB-, NetE-, and NetF-encoding genes. These results confirmed C. perfringens type A as part of the microbiota in these animals, and they suggested that C. perfringens type C and D are rarely isolated from healthy goats.

RESUMO: Apesar da reconhecida importância de Clostridium perfringens como enteropatógeno de pequenos ruminantes, pouco se sabe sobre a frequência dos genótipos ou do papel de fatores de virulência adicionais de C. perfringens em cabras saudáveis, dificultando o diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção causada por esse micro-organismo. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar C. perfringens de amostras de fezes de cabras adultas saudáveis. Amostras de fezes de 250 cabras saudáveis de 17 rebanhos diferentes em Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram submetidas ao isolamento e genotipagem de C. perfringens. C. perfringens tipo A foi isolado de 189 (75,6%) cabras, enquanto C. perfringens tipos C e D foram detectados em um animal (0.4%) cada. Todos os isolados foram negativos para os genes codificadores das toxinas NetB, NetE, NetF e enterotoxina. Os resultados apresentados confirmam C. perfringens tipo A como parte da microbiota de cabras saudáveis e sugere que C. perfringens tipos C e D são raramente encontrados em caprinos saudáveis.

Comparisons of Clinical Practicum Stress, Depression, and Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students: Focusing on Type D Personality and non-Type D Personality / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to examine and compare the clinical practicum stress, depression, and self-efficacy between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. METHODS: This study used a descriptive correlational survey design. Subjects included a total of 120 nursing students (Type D personality: n=60, non-Type D personality: n=60) in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics, χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, ANCOVA, and Scheffe test as a post hoc test with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences on clinical practicum stress (t=2.81, p=.029), depression (t=6.67, p<.001), and self-efficacy (t=9.84. p<.001) between non-Type D and Type D personality among nursing students. CONCLUSION: Type D personality in nursing students had higher clinical practicum stress and depression than them of non-Type D personality in nursing students. Nursing interventions or strategies for Type D personality in nursing students are needed to decrease clinical practicum stress and depression.

Does Type D Personality Impact on the Prognosis of Patients Who Underwent Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation? A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

OBJECTIVE: Although Type D personality has been associated with the prognosis of various cardiac diseases, few studies have investigated the influence of Type D personality on the cardiac and psychiatric prognoses of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were measured at baseline and 6 months. The recurrence of AF was measured during 1-year following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank tests were used to compare the cumulative recurrence of AF. ACox proportional hazard model was conducted to identify factors that contribute to the recurrence of AF. RESULTS: A total of 236 patients admitted for RFCA were recruited. Patients with a Type D personality had higher levels of depression and anxiety and a poorer quality of life compared to controls. Although depression, anxiety, and quality of life had improved 6 months after RFCA, significant differences in psychiatric symptoms remained between patients with and without Type D personality. In the Cox models, the type of AF was the only factor that influenced the recurrence of AF. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Type D personality predominately influences psychological distress in patients with AF, but not the recurrence of AF.

Relationship between premenstrual syndrome and type D personality in female college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objectives:To understand the current situation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and type D personality in female college students,and to explore the relationship between them.Methods:Totally 856 female college students were assessed with the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS,those with total score of 6 or higher as having PMS) and Type D Personality Scale 14 (DS-14,those negative emotion and social inhibition factor with total score of 10 or higher as having type D personality).Result:A total of 280 students were detected with PMS,and the rote was 32.7％.Totally 272 students were detected with the type D personality,and the rote was 31.8％.The total score of DS-14 and the score of 2 factors were higher in PMS group than in non-PMS group (Ps ＜0.001).The rate of PMS was lower in type D personality group than in non-type D personality group (11.76％ vs.25.34％,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions:The occurrence of premenstrual syndrome may be related to the type D personality.The evaluation of personality characteristics should be taken into consideration when formulating the intervention program.

Psychological flexibility as a mediator between type-D personality and pathological internet use in u-niversity students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological flexibility in the relationship between the two dimensions of type-D personality(negative affect and social inhibition)and pathological in-ternet use.Methods 592 university students were sampled from central China district and were adminis-tered with Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale(APIUS),Type-D personality scale(DS14)and Ac-ceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ).Results Pathological internet use(2.56 ± 0.61)positively correlated with negative affect(1.58±0.78)and social inhibition(1.96±0.61)(r=0.37, 0.25)respectively,and negatively correlated with psychological flexibility(4.69±1.15)(r=-0.40).Path a-nalysis with latent variables showed psychological flexibility partially but significantly mediated the predictive effect of negative affect and social inhibition on pathological internet use.The mediation rates were 56% for negative affect and 62% for social inhibition.Conclusion Psychological flexibility has significant incremen-tal validity beyond two dimensions of type-D personality,and partially mediated the effect of negative affect and social inhibition on pathological internet use.These results suggest the intervention focus of PIU can be psychological flexibility.

Avances en la construcción del inventario de patrón de conducta tipo A y D (IPAD) / Progress in the construction of the type A and D behaviour profile inventory (IPAD)

Un Patrón de Conducta es una forma habitual de ver y reaccionar ante el entorno y las circunstancias. El Patrón de Conducta Tipo A tiene su origen en la descripción presentada por Friedman y Rosenman en 1959, quienes lo relacionaron con un riesgo aumentado de sufrir una afección cardíaca. A partir de este aporte, numerosas investigaciones consideraron que este patrón constituye un factor de riesgo independiente tanto en el inicio como en el desarrollo de los trastornos cardíacos. Más recientemente, se ha propuesto un nuevo patrón, llamado de Personalidad Tipo D, relacionado con este fenómeno. Denollet y colaboradores, plantearon que la personalidad tipo D puede ser una influencia importante en el desarrollo de patología cardiovascular. Este trabajo investigativo tiene por objetivo presentar la construcción del Inventario de Patrón de Conducta A y D (IPAD). Este instrumento constituirá una herramienta validada en nuestro medio, específicamente con población cardíaca, que permitirá evaluar conjuntamente ambos patrones. Los análisis realizados permiten afirmar que todos los ítems presentan adecuados valores de simetría y curtosis así como una correlación adecuada ítem test. El coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach indicó un valor elevado de confiabilidad para las escalas que componen la técnica. Se presentan las distintas fases en el proceso de construcción y las características del instrumento en su etapa actual.

The Type A Behaviour Profle arises from the description of behaviors presented by Friedman and Rosenman in 1959, who linked it to an increased risk of suffering a heart condition. From this input, numerous investigations considered as type A Behaviour independent risk factor both in the beginning and in the development of cardiovascular disorders. More recently, it has been proposed a new profile, type D personality, concerning this phenomenon. Denollet and colleagues argued that type D personality may be an important influence on the development of cardiovascular disease. This paper presents the construction of the Inventory of A and D type Behaviour (IPAD). This instrument is a validated tool in our environment, specifically for cardiac population that jointly evaluates both profiles. The analyzes support the conclusion that all the items have appropriate symmetry and curtosis and adequate correlation test item. The Cronbach alpha coefficient shows high reliability regarding every dimensions of the instrument. It is shown the methodology followed in the designing process and the psychometric characteristics of the instrument.

Research on experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion and type D personality of pregnant / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship among experiential avoidance,cognitive fusion and type D personality in pregnant women.Methods 309 pregnant women were assessed with self-made general information questionnaire,acceptance and action questionnaire-2nd edition (AAQ-Ⅱ),cognitive fusion questionnaire(CFQ) and type D personality scale(DS14).Results Average score of AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ of 309 pregnant women were (16.41±7.55) and (24.24± 10.90),respectively.According to the type D personality questionnaire scores,the subjects were divided into four groups.Average score of each group on AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ was respectively (21.25 ± 8.18) and (31.12± 10.99) for type D personality group (Group 1),(19.80±6.14) and (27.67±9.76) for negative emotion group(Group 2),(15.12±6.40) and (22.16±9.56)for social inhibition group (group 3) and (14.02±6.61) and (21.18±10.03) for group without negative emotions and social inhibition (group 4).The differences between groups were statistically significant (F=19.44,17.372,all P＜0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that AAQ-Ⅱ and CFQ were positively related to NA and SI (r=0.484,0.251,0.477,0.302,P＜0.05).NA and SI all entered the AAQ-Ⅱ regression equation and CFQ regression equation respectively:Y1 =4.655+ 1.032X1 + 0.836X2,Y2 =8.013+ 1.233X1 + 0.745X2 (Y1 as AAQ-Ⅱ,Y2 as CFQ,X1 as NA,X2 as SI).Conclusion Pregnant women with type D personality have the worst psychological flexibility.The two demensions of type D personality are predictive to experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion.

The Relationship between Type D Personality and Suicidality in Low-Income, Middle-Aged Adults

OBJECTIVE: Low-income adults are considered to be a group at high risk for suicide. We sought to examine the effect of type D personality and other socio-demographic factors on suicidality in low-income, middle-aged Koreans. METHODS: In total, 306 low-income, middle-aged Koreans [age: 49.16+/-5.24 (40-59) years, 156 males, 150 females] were enrolled from the Korean National Basic Livelihood Security System. Socio-demographic data, including employment status, income, health, marital status, and educational attainment, were gathered. Beck's 19-item Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) was applied to evaluate suicidality, and the DS14 was used to assess type D personality. RESULTS: Unemployment (p<0.01) and absence of spouse (p=0.03) predicted higher SSI scores independent of other socioeconomic factors. All type D personality scores [i.e., negative affectivity (NA), social inhibition (SI), and total score] predicted higher SSI scores independent of all socioeconomic factors (all, p<0.001). Subjects with type D personality had higher SSI scores (p<0.001), and the association between suicidality and socio-demographic factors (employment or physical health) could be found only in subjects without type D personality. CONCLUSION: Type D personality was a risk factor for suicide in low-income Koreans, independently from socio-economic factors. In addition, the socio-demographic factors were less prominently associated with suicidality in those with type D personality.

The Relationship between Type D Personality and Heart Rate Variability in Community Mental Health Center Users

OBJECTIVE: Type D personality can be regarded as a promising cardiovascular risk marker that has been repeatedly linked to relevant indicators of mental health, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in cardiac patients. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technology that can provide information regarding a patient's sympathetic/parasympathetic balance and the control mechanisms of the autonomic systems in the cardiovascular system. As both type D personality and HRV are parameters related to the cardiovascular system, we assumed a relationship between type D personality and HRV. This study set out to identify the relationship between type D and HRV and the differences in HRV variables between type D and non-type D personalities. METHODS: Patients who visited Guro Community Mental Health Center from January 2011 to December 2012 were surveyed. They were evaluated using both the Korean version of the Type D Personality-14 for type D personality and HRV. During the survey, those who reported major cardiovascular disease that can affect heart rate variability were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Our analysis included 559 participants, 249 of whom were classified as type D personality. No significant differences were found in the HRV variables between the type D group and the non-type D group. There were also no clinically meaningful correlations between HRV variables and type D total/subscale scores when controlled for patient age. CONCLUSION: A relationship between HRV and type D personality was not identified using short-term HRV measurements in non-clinical patients with no definitive cardiovascular disease. Further studies using long-term HRV measurements in patients with cardiovascular disease are necessary to conclude an association between HRV and type D personality.