Efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo II: revisión sistemática / Effects of resistance training in people with Type II diabetes mellitus: systematic review / Efeitos do treinamento de resistência em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo II. revisão sistemática

El presente artículo busca analizar las evidencias aportadas del entrenamiento de la fuerza comprobando su influencia en la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando la literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudio. Se realizo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA donde el principal contexto fue el entrenamiento de la fuerza en pacientes con Mellitus II, siendo buscados en bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Scopus donde fueron seleccionados 7 artículos. Los hallazgos señalan consistentemente que el entrenamiento de la fuerza bien programado incide gradualmente en algunos marcadores que identifican la diabetes Mellitus II al realizar intervenciones con sistemas de entrenamiento de la fuerza de forma positiva. Los autores recomiendan estudios con muestras mayores en lo posible de tipo control para verificar la incidencia del entrenamiento en las variables mencionadas en este estudio.

This Article Seeks analyzes the evidence provided by strength training, verifying its influence on Type II Diabetes Mellitus by using the existing literature on this subject of study. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, where the main context was strength training in patients with Mellitus II. The search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases where 7 articles were selected. The findings consistently indicated that a well-structured strength training program gradually affected some markers that identify diabetes Mellitus II when performing interventions with strength training systems in a positive way. The authors recommend control-type studies with larger samples, if possible, to verify the incidence of training in the variables mentioned in this study.

Este artigo procura analisar as evidências fornecidas pelo treinamento de força, verificando sua influência no Diabetes Mellitus tipo II utilizando a literatura existente sobre este objeto de estudo. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA onde o principal contexto foi o treinamento de força em pacientes com Mellitus II, sendo pesquisada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Scopus onde foram selecionados 7 artigos. Os achados indicam consistentemente que o treinamento de força bem programado afeta gradualmente alguns marcadores que identificam o diabetes Mellitus II ao realizar intervenções com sistemas de treinamento de força de forma positiva. Os autores recomendam estudos do tipo controle com amostras maiores, se possível, para verificar a incidência de treinamento nas variáveis mencionadas neste estudo.

Modelo predictivo de riesgo para el diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 / Predictive model of risk for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus i: en

Introducción: El diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 permite al personal de salud implementar estrategias para evitar las complicaciones crónicas que pudieran derivarse. A tales efectos, en las últimas dos décadas se han desarrollado modelos predictivos que incluyen cada día más variables. Objetivo: Elaborar un modelo predictivo para el diagnóstico temprano de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en una población holguinera. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte que incluyó a todos los pacientes atendidos en las consultas de endocrinología del área de salud Pedro Díaz Coello y del Hospital Militar Fermín Valdés Domínguez de la provincia de Holguín, para lo cual se tomaron 2 cohortes: una de análisis y otra de validación. Para el procesamiento estadístico se efectuó el análisis univariado y el multivariado; en tanto se determinó la asociación entre variables dependientes e independientes. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino, los pacientes sin antecedentes de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial, así como los que presentaban hipotiroidismo, enfermedad periodontal y normopeso, entre otros; asimismo, el modelo resultó significativo estadísticamente (X2=31,1 y p=0,000) y explicó 80,9 % de la variable de salida, validada por las variables de análisis. La sensibilidad fue de 96,9 % y la especificidad de 86,6 %; mientras que el área bajo la curva tuvo un rango de 0,725 a 0,833. Conclusiones: El modelo predictivo elaborado es una herramienta muy útil para el diagnóstico de pacientes con riesgo de presentar diabetes mellitus de tipo 2.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of the type II diabetes mellitus allows the health staff to implement strategies in order to avoid the chronic complications that could be derived. To such effects, in the last two decades predictive models have been developed that include more variables every day. Objective: To elaborate a predictive model for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus in a population from Holguín. Methods: A cohort study was carried out that included all the patients assisted in the endocrinology services of Pedro Díaz Coello health area and Fermín Valdés Domínguez Military Hospital in Holguín province, for which 2 cohorts were taken: one of analysis and another of validation. For the statistical processing the univaried and multivaried analysis were carried out; as long as the association between dependent and independent variables was determined. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex, patients without history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as those that presented hypothyroidism, periodontal disease and normal weight, among others; also, the pattern was statistically significant (X2=31.1 and p=0.000) and explained 80.9 % of the logout variable validated by the analysis variables. The sensibility was of 96.9 % and the specificity of 86.6 %; while the area under the curve had a range from 0.725 to 0.833. Conclusions: The predictive model elaborated is a very useful tool for the diagnosis of patients with risk of type II diabetes mellitus.

Intervención educativa en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II / Educational intervention in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

RESUMEN Introducción: El autocuidado constituye un elemento primordial en el control de la actividad clínica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II. Objetivo: Realizar una intervención educativa para aumentar el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes diabéticos sobre el autocuidado de la enfermedad. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación aplicada, cuasi experimental, donde el universo estuvo constituido por 115 pacientes con diagnóstico conformado de diabetes mellitus tipo II. La muestra quedó conformada por 90 pacientes; se determinaron el nivel de conocimiento y de control glucémico de los pacientes, sus características y las de la enfermedad. Se utilizó el cuestionario Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire para determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre autocuidado. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de McNemar para identificar cambios provocados por la intervención educativa implementada. Resultados: Promedio de edad de 53,87 años con predominio de pacientes femeninas (73,33 %). Al inicio de la investigación predominaron pacientes con sobrepeso (53,33 %), complicaciones de la diabetes (68,89 %), nivel de conocimiento entre regular y malo (60,0 %) y control glucémico entre admisible e inadecuado (72,22 %). Después de implementado la intervención educativa el 81,33 % presentó nivel de conocimiento entre bueno y excelente y 56,56 % de los pacientes presentó un control glucémico entre adecuado y normal. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la intervención educativa implementada provocó cambios significativos en el aumento del nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre autocuidado de la diabetes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Self-care is an essential element in the control of clinical activity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Objective: To carry out an educational intervention to increase the level of knowledge of diabetic patients about self-care of the disease. Methods: An applied, quasi-experimental research was carried out; where the universe consisted of 115 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus. The sample was made up of 90 patients; the level of knowledge and glycemic control of the patients, their characteristics and those of the disease were determined. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire was used to determine the level of knowledge about self-care. McNemar's non-parametric test was applied to identify changes caused by the educational intervention implemented. Results: Average age of 53.87 years with a predominance of females (73.33%). At the beginning of the investigation, overweight patients (53.33%), diabetes complications (68.89%), knowledge level between fair and bad (60.0%) and glycemic control between admissible and inadequate (72.22%) predominated. After implementing the educational intervention, 81.33% presented a level of knowledge between good and excellent and 56.56% of the patients presented a glycemic control between adequate and normal. Conclusions: It is concluded that the educational intervention implemented caused significant changes in the increase in the level of knowledge of patients about diabetes self-care.

Fundamentos que caracteriza la adherencia a la insulinoterapia de los pacientes con diabetes tipo II / Foundations that characterize adherence to the insulin therapy of patients with type II diabetes

La diabetes Mellitus es un padecimiento que empieza cuando el páncreas no realiza un uso adecuado de la insulina que produce o no puede lograr producir insulina. Se descomponen en glucosa en la sangre todos los alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono; la insulina da ayuda a la glucosa para que esta pueda ingresar en las células. Los niveles de azúcar en la sangre al no funcionar bien el páncreas suben, lo cual debe ser controlado por medio de un tratamiento médico de por vida, y lo más importante la persona debe cambiar de hábitos en su salud. Objetivo: El objetivo principal de esta investigación es definir el efecto que produce la adherencia a la insulinoterapia en los pacientes con diabetes tipo II del Hospital del Día Mariana de Jesús. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó una investigación cuantitativa, transversal ya que se realizó una encuesta a los pacientes, la cual se procedió a la recolección y análisis e interpretación de datos. La muestra trabajada fue de 100 pacientes, los cuales fueron atendidos en el Hospital por concepto de diabetes tipo II en el área de emergencia. Resultados: Como resultado de la investigación tenemos que el 76% de los encuestados conocen sobre el tratamiento de la insulinoterapia, el 85% se rehusó a utilizar insulina cuando inició su tratamiento, el 75% ha tenido dificultad para la conservación de la insulina, el 63% considera que el uso de la insulina es riesgos, el 53% indicó haber recibido asesoría sobre los posibles efectos de la insulina, al 65% de encuestados su jornada laboral no le permite asistir a su control médico, el 72% ha sentido un desmejoro en su salud al dejar el tratamiento y el 63% de los encuestados indicó que ha abandonado en algún momento su tratamiento por temor a los efectos secundarios que dicen tener. Conclusiones: Se estableció el tipo de complicaciones que se dan en los pacientes ante la no adherencia a la insulinoterapia, uno de ellos fue, que al dejar el tratamiento los pacientes sintieron un desmejoro en su estado de salud, así también, los pacientes han abandonado el tratamiento en algún momento por miedo a los efectos secundarios que dicen tener la insulina(AU)

Diabetes Mellitus is a condition that begins when the pancreas does not make proper use of the insulin it produces or cannot achieve produce insulin. All foods rich in glucose are broken down into glucose in the blood. carbohydrates; insulin helps glucose to enter the cells cells. When the pancreas does not work well, blood sugar levels rise, which must be controlled by lifelong medical treatment, and most importantly the person must change their health habits. Objective: The main objective of this research is to define the effect produced by adherence to insulin therapy in patients with type II diabetes at Hospital del Día Mariana de Jesús. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional investigation was used since a patient survey which proceeded to the collection and analysis and interpretation of data. The sample worked was 100 patients who were treated at the Hospital for type II diabetes concept in the emergency area. Results: Like result of the investigation we have that 76% of the respondents know about the insulin therapy treatment, 85% refused to use insulin when they started their treatment, 75% have had difficulty conserving insulin, 63% considers that the use of insulin is risky, 53% indicated having received counseling about the possible effects of insulin, 65% of those surveyed did not care about their working hours. allows them to attend their medical control, 72% have felt a deterioration in their health when leaving the treatment and 63% of those surveyed indicated that they had abandoned their treatment at some point. treatment for fear of the side effects they claim to have. Conclusions: If established the type of complications that occur in patients due to non-adherence to insulin therapy, one of them was that when leaving the treatment the patients felt a deterioration in their state of health, as well as the patients have abandoned the treatment at some point for fear of the side effects that they claim to have insulin(AU)

Predominancyof Coping Styles in Patients with Type II Diabetes in Low Socio Economic Status Groups

Background: Coping style is a person抯 characteristic strategies used in response to life problems or traumas. Coping serves a protective function .This study aims to examine the impact of coping styles predominance in the training programme given to patients with type II diabetes of low socioeconomic status group.30 patients with type II diabetes of low socioeconomic status group were selected using purposive sampling from the diabetic clinic for the assessment of coping style. Coping style was assessed using 揅oping styles of adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes� by Karlsen and Bru (1998). Paired t-test was used to assess the effectiveness of coping styles enhancement training programme for patients with type II diabetes. The study revealed that there is significant increase in the level of coping styles of patients with type II diabetes due to coping styles enhancement training programme.Methods:?.Results:?.Conclusion:?.

Xiaoke Decoction in treatment of type II diabetes: A Meta-analysis / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical effect of Xiaoke Decoction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Chinese databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu Chinese Biomedical Journal Database, and Chinese Medical Biological Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for English language literature from their inception until November 2019. A Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0. Results: Thirty-eight studies were included in this study, with a total of 3757 patients. It was found that adding Xiaoke Decoction could improve total efficiency. The Xiaoke Decoction groups surpassed the western medicine groups regarding improvement in total efficiency (OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 2.78–4.39, P < 0.00001). Adding Xiaoke Decoction could lower the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. The Xiaoke Decoction groups surpassed the western medicine groups regarding reduction in FPG levels (MD = −1.14; 95% CI: −1.36 to 0.92, P < 0.00001). Adding Xiaoke Decoction could lower the 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) level. The Xiaoke Decoction groups surpassed the western medicine groups regarding reduction in 2hPG (MD = −1.40; 95% CI: −1.61 to 1.19, P < 0.00001). Adding Xiaoke Decoction could lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The Xiaoke Decoction groups surpassed the western medicine groups regarding reduction in HbA1c (MD = −0.77; 95% CI: −0.95 to 0.58, P < 0.00001). It was found that adding Xiaoke Decoction could lower the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score. The TCM syndrome scores among patients in the Xiaoke Decoction group were lower than those among patients in the control group after treatment (MD = −4.90; 95% CI: −7.22 to 2.57, P < 0.0001). At the same time, we conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis of age and intervention duration on the heterogeneity of total efficiency, FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, and TCM syndrome score outcome indicators. For detecting publication bias, an egger test was conducted. Conclusion: Compared with western medicine alone, Xiaoke Decoction has more advantages for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with respect to total efficiency, FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, and TCM syndrome score.

Estudio Descriptivo: Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus II del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca / Descriptive Study: Frequency and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) es más frecuente en pacientes conDiabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) que en la población general, convirtiéndolos en un grupo de alto riesgo de morbimortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de EAP, mediante la medición del ITB y la frecuencia de sus factores de riesgo en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra aleatoria simple de pacientes con diagnóstico de DM2 que acudieron a consulta externa del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca-Ecuador, en el año 2017 (315 pacientes).Se aplicó una entrevista a los pacientes con datos sobre las características sociodemográficas y ciertos antecedentes médicos de importancia para el estudio; se determinó el ITB; se valoraron los exámenes complementarios de laboratorio realizados en los seis meses previos al estudio. Finalmente, se describieron frecuencias y porcentajes de cada una de las variables, se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Del total de pacientes se observó un promedio de edad de 62.9 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. Se determinó que la frecuencia de EAP en los pacientes con DM2 fue del 35.30%. LA EAP fue más frecuente en: el grupo de edad mayor a 50 años (38.8%), el sexo masculino (43.9%), en el grupo de pacientes con tiempo de evolución de la DM2 ≥ a 5 años (35.5%), en los pacientes con tabaquismo (38.4%), en los pacientes con niveles elevados de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c ≥7%) (40.6%), los pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia, en los pacientes con LDL elevado y en hombres con HDL por debajo de valores normales. CONCLUSIÓN: Podemos concluir que la frecuencia de enfermedad arterial periférica en los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, utilizando el índice tobillo brazo como método diagnóstico fue del 35.30%.(au)

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is more common in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) than in the general population, making them a high-risk group for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of peripheral arterial disease, by measuring ankle-brachial index, and the frequency of its risks factors in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. METHODOS: descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a simply randomized sample of patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who attended the outpatient clinic of Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca - Ecuador, in 2017 ( 315 patients). An interview was applied to the patients, to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and certain important medical history; ankle-brachial index was determined; complementary laboratory tests made six months prior to the study were evaluated. Finally, frequencies and percentages of each variable were described; we used IMB SPSS version 22 software. RESULTS: Of the total number of patients, the average age was 62.9 years, with a predominance of the female sex. The frequency of PAD in patients with DM2 was 35.30%. PAD was more frequent in: age group over 50 years (38.8%), male sex (43.9%), disease evolution time ≥ 5 years (35.5%), in smoking patients(38.4%), in patients with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c ≥7%)(40.6%),in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, in patients with elevated LDL and in men with low HDL values. CONCLUSION: we can conclude that the peripheral arterial disease frequency in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, using the ankle-brachial index as a diagnostic method was 35.50%.(au)

Complicaciones de la cirugía de revascularización coronaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II / Complications of the coronary revascularization surgery in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus y la cardiopatía isquémica están íntimamente relacionadas, puesto que los pacientes con la primera tienen más riesgo de presentar la segunda, así como mayor mortalidad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones posoperatorias en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos de 203 pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II, expuestos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria en el Cardiocentro del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2011 hasta igual periodo de 2020. Resultados: En la casuística resultaron más afectados el sexo masculino (56,1 %) y el grupo etario de 45 - 64 años (53,7 %), quienes tenían más de 10 años con la enfermedad endocrina y se le había detectado la cardiopatía isquémica en el último, con una forma de presentación aguda. Se encontraron varios factores de riesgo, tales como enfermedad coronaria difusa, niveles de glucemia elevada en el periodo perioperatorio y fracción ventricular izquierda baja. En la mayoría de las intervenciones quirúrgicas se empleó la técnica de corazón latiendo (81,8 %), y las complicaciones predominantes fueron arritmias supraventriculares, bajo gasto cardiaco e infecciones de la herida. Conclusiones: La cirugía de coronaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo II es el método que logra una revascularización más completa, tanto anatómica como funcional, y la técnica de corazón latiendo alcanza reducir la mortalidad, aunque aún son frecuentes las complicaciones atribuibles a causas multifactoriales.

Introduction: The diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease are closely related, since patients with the former have more risk of presenting the latter, as well as higher cardiovascular mortality. Objective: To identify the postoperative complications in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Method: A serial cases descriptive study of 203 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, exposed to coronary revascularization surgery was carried out in the Heart Center of Saturnino Lora Teaching Provincial Hospital Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2011 to the same period in 2020. Results: In the case material the male sex (56.1 %) and the 45 - 64 age group (53.7 %) were more affected, who had more than 10 years with the endocrine disease and the ischemic heart disease had been detected in the latter, with an acute form of presentation. Several risk factors were found, such as diffuse coronary disease, glycemia high levels in the perioperative period and low left ventricular fraction. In most of the surgical interventions the heart beating technique was used (81.8 %), and the predominant complications were supraventricular arrhythmias, low heart output and infections of the wound. Conclusions: The surgery of coronary in patients with type II diabetes mellitus is the method that achieves a more complete revascularization, either anatomical as functional, and the heart beating technique reduces the mortality, although the complications attributable to multifactorial causes are still frequent.

Factores influyentes en pacientes con periodontitis y diabetes mellitus tipo II / Influential Factors in Patients with Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus Type II

RESUMEN La enfermedad periodontal (EP) es un proceso multifactorial y progresivo que degenera en un tiempo determinado los tejidos alrededor de los dientes; esta se clasifica según su progresión en gingivitis y periodontitis, siendo la periodontitis la última y más agravante instancia de esta enfermedad. La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica e irreversible del metabolismo que afecta los niveles de azúcar del cuerpo; se clasifica en tipo I o insulinodependiente (más común en personas jóvenes), tipo II o no insulinodependiente (más común en personas adultas), y otra variedad conocida como diabetes gestacional (o del embarazo). Se cree que factores como estado socioeconómico, genética, tabaquismo y otras condiciones sistémicas tienen influencia en el control de la enfermedad periodontal y la diabetes, y se afirma que existe una relación bidireccional entre estas dos entidades. Este artículo de revisión pretende ser una herramienta de actualización para profesionales interesados en el tema. En la relación bidireccional que existe entre estas dos patologías hay una injerencia de ciertos factores como el tabaquismo; otras condiciones sistémicas como la obesidad y el embarazo; así como también algunas interacciones medicamentosas. La diabetes mellitus constituye un factor de riesgo para la periodontitis y, al mismo tiempo, el control metabó-lico de estos pacientes se hace difícil en presencia de periodontitis, poniendo de relieve no solo la relación entre estas dos entidades, sino la importancia de conocerla, con el fin de poder actuar dentro de un equipo interdisciplinario que conlleve a unos mejores resultados en salud para los pacientes afectados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial and progressive process that degenerates at a specific time the tissues around the teeth. This disease is classified according to its progression in gingivitis and periodontitis, being periodontitis the last and most aggravating instance of the disease. On the other hand, diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects sugar levels in the body. Diabetes is classified as type I or insulin-dependent (more common in young people), type II or non-insulin-dependent (more common in adults) and another known variety like gestational diabetes (or pregnancy). It is believed that factors such as socioeconomic status, genetics, other systemic conditions, or influence of periodontal treatment, among others, are involved in the bidirectional relationship that exists between these two entities. This review article aims to be an updating tool for professionals interested in the subject. Conclusions: The bidirectional relationship that exists between these two pathologies is an interference of certain factors such as smoking, other systemic conditions such as obesity and pregnancy, as well as some drug interactions. Diabetes Mellitus constitutes a risk factor for periodontitis. At the same time, the metabolic control of these patients becomes difficult in the presence of periodontitis, highlighting not only the relationship between these two diseases, but also the importance of knowing it to be able to act within an interdisciplinary team that leads to better health outcomes for affected patients.

The Effects of Diabetic Footcare Programme Towards Quality of Life Among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC)

@#Introduction: Diabetic footcare programme is essential for type II Diabetes Mellitus patients to improve quality of life as well as to prevent diabetic foot complication. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetic footcare programme towards quality of life among type II Diabetes Mellitus patients in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), a tertiary centre. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design, done in the orthopedic ward and out-patient medical clinic for a period of 1 year . The participants received a structured footcare education titled as “Diabetes Footcare” and a pamphlet of footcare. The Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) Brief Clinical Inventory were used to assess the outcomes before and one month after the programme. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 37 participants was involved. Total score of foot care was improved between pre-test (M = 1.32, SD = .474) and post-test and (M = 1.94, SD = 0.229). There were four subscales in quality of life; satisfaction with treatment, impact of treatment, worry about future and social/vocational worry. The result showed there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test of foot care (M = 1.94, SD = 0.229, p<0.001) and quality of life (M = 61.94, SD = 5.264, p<0.001). However, foot care was not associated with quality of life. Conclusion: The diabetic footcare programme improves the footcare behaviour and quality of life of type II DM patients.

Research progress on regulation of PGC-lα in obesity-related metabolic diseases / 中国药理学通报

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a member of superfamily of transcriptional co-regulators. It was first discovered to be related to the adaptive thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Later, it has been discovered that PGC-la can also regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function, thus influence the occurrence and development of obesity-related metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes and hypertension. Drugs targeting PGC-1α are promising for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Here we review the research progress on regulation of PGC-1α in obesity related metabolic diseases, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the development of drugs targeting PGC-1α.

Experiences and narratives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the city of Salvador (Bahia) related to the difficulties in changing lifestyle behaviors / Experiências e narrativas de portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na cidade de Salvador (Bahia) sobre dificuldades para a mudança dos estilos de vida

Abstract It is considerably difficult for type 2 diabetes patients to change lifestyle according to professional guidelines. This contributes to controlling the disease below what is desirable and could increase morbimortality and health system costs with complications that could have been avoided. It is important to know this phenomenon for better intervention, therefore, this qualitative study explores experiences and narratives of 10 diabetic patients in the city of Salvador (state of Bahia, Brazil), comparing them to the literature to analyze how health determinants may influence them. It is concluded that it is a multifactorial phenomenon and aspects such as conceptions about the disease and its control, use and access to health care, professional-patient relationship, social support and environment personalize each experience with the disease, which facilitates or not the motivation for change. Health professionals and public authorities should be sensitized to such aspects, and will find suggestions in this article that contribute to mitigating difficulties and facilitating a preventive lifestyle for patients.

Resumo A dificuldade para os portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mudarem os estilos de vida conforme as orientações profissionais possui magnitude considerável. Tal fato contribui para manter o controle da doença aquém do desejável, e pode levar ao aumento da morbimortalidade e custos para o sistema de saúde, com complicações que poderiam ter sido evitadas. Este estudo qualitativo, diante da importância de se compreender este fenômeno para melhor intervenção, explora narrativas e experiências de 10 portadores de diabetes na cidade de Salvador, comparando-as com a literatura a fim de analisar como determinantes sociais lhe são influenciadores. Conclui-se que é um fenômeno multifatorial, e aspectos como concepções sobre a doença e seu controle, uso e acesso aos serviços de saúde, relacionamento profissional-paciente, suporte social, e ambiente, personalizam cada vivência com a doença, facilitando ou não a motivação para a mudança. Profissionais de saúde e poder público devem se sensibilizar para tais aspectos, e encontram no texto sugestões para contribuir na mitigação de dificuldades e facilitar um estilo de vida preventivo aos adoecidos.

Estilos de vida en pacientes con diabetes tipo ii que acuden al centro materno infantil "Enrique Ponce Luque", babahoyo, 2019 / The type ii diabetes patient's lifestyles that go to the maternal and infant center "Enrique Ponce Luque", Babahoyo, 2019

La Diabetes Mellitus es una enfermedad de gran importancia a nivel de Salud Pública en todo el mundo, por ser una de las enfermedades no transmisibles más frecuentes que representa una gran carga económica para los sistemas de salud y la economía mundial. Objetivo: Diagnosticar los estilos de vida en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo II que acuden al Centro Materno Infantil Enrique Ponce Luque, Babahoyo 2019. Metodología: La investigación está en el paradigma cuantitativo, de modalidad de campo, de tipo descriptiva con un diseño transversal. Se aplicó como técnica una encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario IMEVID. La población fue de 103 pacientes y la muestra 85 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II que asistieron al Centro. Resultados: se evidenció un inadecuado manejo de la historia clínica y del registro de la información de salud, inadecuado procedimiento de evaluación del estado de salud y baja calidad de atención a los pacientes. Conclusión: De un total de 85 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II se obtuvieron 32 pacientes que presentaron un estilo de vida desfavorable; 28 tuvieron un estilo de vida poco favorable y 25 presentaron un estilo de vida favorable con un 38%, 33%, 29% respectivamente. La finalidad de esta investigación es concientizar a la población de estudio para mejorar los estilos de vida y disminuir el desarrollo de esta patología(AU)

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of great importance at the Public Health level throughout the world, because it is one of the most frequent non-communicable diseases and represents a great economic burden for health systems and the world economy. Objective: To diagnose the patient's lifestyles with type II Diabetes mellitus who attend the Maternal and Child Center Enrique Ponce Luque, Babahoyo 2019. Methodology: The research is in the quantitative paradigm, field modality, and descriptive type with a transversal design. A survey was applied as a technique and the instrument was the IMEVID questionnaire. The population was 103 patients and the sample was 85 patients with type II diabetes mellitus who attended the Center. Conclusion: From a total 85 type II diabetes mellitus patients, 32 patients were obtained who presented an unfavorable lifestyle; 28 had an unfavorable lifestyle and 25 had a favorable lifestyle with 38%, 33%, and 29% respectively. The purpose of this research is to raise awareness in the study population to improve lifestyles and reduce the development of this pathology(AU)

A study of effectiveness of addition of drug teneligliptin to metformin, glimepiride, pioglitazone combination in type II diabetic patients

Background: Diabetes is a most prevalent chronic disease and has reached to alarming stage in almost all developed and developing countries. Worldwide approximately four hundred millions of people are living with diabetes and it is a leading cause of death. Aims and objectives is to study effectiveness of addition of drug Teneligliptin to Metformin, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone combination in type II Diabetic patients.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in the department of Medicine of a tertiary health care centre during the one year period i.e. January 2017 to January 2018 in the type II diabetic patients. Out of all type II diabetic patients 40 patients who were on the treatment for hypoglycemia with drugs Metformin, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone were selected out of these randomly 20 patients were continued on the previous treatment (Group B) and remaining 20 were given additional drug Teneligliptin (Group A). The statistical analysis was done by unpaired t-test and chi-square test analyzed by SPSS 19 version of software.Results: In this study Authors have seen that the average age in both the groups was comparable i.e. 36.78±6.74 and 38.92±5.87 (p>0.05, t=1.24, df=38), the sex ration was also similar in both the group (p>0.43, χ2=0.43, df=1) and the HbA1C was comparable at 1st Wk. 10±4.56 - 9.87±3.42 (p>0.05, t=1.023, df=38) and 4th Wk. 8±5.23 - 9.67±4.52 (p>0.05, t=1.0804, df=38) but significantly differed at 8th Wk. 7.12±2.34 - 9.92±3.56 (p<0.01, t=3.82, df=38), 12th Wk. 5.98±1.98 - 9.24±2.79 (p<0.001, t=4.26, df=38) respectively in Group A and B.Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that the addition of Teneligliptin significantly reduced the HbA1c level at the end of 4th wk. and hence superior to conventional Metformin, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone only combination treatment.

Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of diabetes in Mathura Uttar Pradesh - An observational study

Introduction: Objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding type 2 diabetes in diabetics as well as in Non-diabetics and also to determine the knowledge versus practice gap among diabetics. There is almost no study of this kind from Uttar Pradesh region of India. Material and method: A pretested and validated questionnaire were used for assessment of these parameters. This questionnaire was divided in to 3 parts. First part used for assessment of knowledge in all the study subjects and had 8 questions. Second part had five questions based on risk factors and complication of diabetes. Third part was used only for diabetics and again had five questions based on their health care seeking behavior. A total of 412 study subjects (206 diabetics and 206 Non-diabetics) were interviewed and their responses were noted in this questionnaire form. Results: 50% of the diabetics are in the age group category of 41-60 years. > 50% of non-diabetics are in the age group category 21-40 years. Most of the respondents were aware of symptomatology, non-communicability, need of self-monitoring of glucose at home and rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes. Almost 70 % of diabetics were aware about foot care and Very nominal number of diabetics (7.8%) was consuming sweets daily. A disheartening fact revealed that approximately 87% of diabetics do not carry sugar candy or any form of sugar before leaving home to correct any hypoglycemic episode. Conclusion: Knowledge of symptomatology of diabetes and requirement of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was adequate among most of the study subjects and uniformly distributed among diabetics and Nondiabetics. More than 80% of diabetics were not aware about hypoglycemia symptoms and its treatment. Training of health care providers and large-scale education and awareness campaigns are the need of the hour for this region to further improve the knowledge and to improve self-care practices among all Diabetics.

The study of the effect of C-PAP therapy in type-II diabetic patients with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity. Type 2 diabetes and OSA may be pathophysiologically independent conditions although the joint association with obesity or visceral adiposity. There is a consistent relationship between obesity and OSA, which has been reported in 60-90% of OSA patients. The prevalence of obesity increases with a parallel increase in the prevalence of OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is an effective choice of treatment for OSA, an overnight test, or titration some patients may reduce apnea events by minimizes airway collapse by CPAP. Several studies showed that the effect of drug treatment with 3 months of C-PAP in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we include 300 patients in different groups, out of the 100 patients undergoing treatment of CPAP therapy minimum for three months. Blood sugar, HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured and an overnight sleep study was done. The obtained data shows the significant effect of therapy on physiological and biochemical parameters. AHI and BMI were highly significant in group II and Group III when compared to group I. FBS, HbA1C, and Lipid profile parameters also gave significance results (p-value <0.001) in group II and group III when compared with healthy subjects (group I).

Factors Associated with Level of Patient Activation and Its Role to Glycemic Control among Adults with Type II Diabetes Attending Diabetic Clinic at Hospitals in Addis Ababa

Aim:The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria parasite and the abundance of malaria vectors in and around the university hostels. Place and Duration of Study:The study was carried out in some selected hostels of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, from the month of March to September,2018. Methodology:One hundred and fifty (150) students which volunteered from the selected hostels were tested for malaria parasite. Questionnaire on the frequency of clinical symptoms were distributed to these students. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected through pyrethrum spray-sheet collection (PSC).Larval sampling was carried out for the immature stages of mosquitoes. Results:Of the students examined for malaria parasite, 135 (90%)showed positivity to the parasite. From the questionnaire distributed, 30 (20%) of the students were treated for malaria every 3months, 20(13.3%) every 6 months, 24 (16%) before resuming school, and 76(50.7%) only treated when they developed clinical malaria. Two hundred and two (202) mosquito larvae were collected from their breeding habitats during larval sampling and two hundred and four (204) adult mosquitoes of different species were collected indoors. However there was no significant difference between the number of rooms sampled and the number of mosquitoes collected at 5% level of significance (x2tab > x2cal; 9.488 >6.307).Conclusion:The study revealed that the students living in the hostels were highly exposed to malaria infection and a host of other mosquito borne diseases. The abundance of Anophelesgambiaesensu lacto in the university environment and the high prevalence rate of malaria is an indication of continuous transmission in the area. Therefore re-echoed awareness campaigns on the danger of malaria infection and its prevention and control through personal and environmental management should be carried out to educate all students especially those who attended medical check-ups during registration. was led on 423 Type II diabetic patients going to diabetic facilities at emergency clinics in Addis Ababa. Study members were chosen by utilizing orderly arbitrary examining procedure. A pre-tried organized survey was utilized to gather the information. Understanding Activation Measure (PAM-13) was utilized to survey tolerant actuation levels. Information were entered and dissected utilizing SPSS rendition 23 for windows. Concentrate members' qualities were portrayed as far as mean (Standard deviation) and recurrence (extent). Bivariate examination and various calculated relapse investigations were completed to recognize free factors related with patient enactment among sort II diabetes patients. Results:The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 55.7(±9.8) years. Majority of the study participants, 319 (77.8%) had low meal planning knowledge, 62.4% of patients involved in low physical activity and 82.2% had poor glycemic control. About 75.6% of the patients had low activation and the remaining 24.4% had high activation. The independent factors associated with lower activation were Illiterate educational status (AOR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.3), low physical activity (AOR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9), low meal planning knowledge (AOR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4), chronic comorbidities (AOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.6-3.9) and poor glycemic control (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.4–7.5).Conclusions:The findings revealed that majority of diabetic II patients had low activation; indicating patients had low knowledge and understanding regarding the influence of lifestyle in diabetes management. Illiterate educational status, low physical activity, low meal planning knowledge, chronic comorbidities and poor glycemic control were significantly associated with lower activation

Drug utilization pattern in type II diabetes mellitus patients attending non-communicable disease clinic in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. Early institution of treatment is necessary to prevent complications. Since treatment of diabetes requires lifetime therapy; this study is designed to understand the prescription trends at Non Communicable Disease clinic set up and to provide rationale.Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of 2 months (May 2017- June 2017). Details of demographic data, duration and family history of diabetes, antidiabetic medications prescribed, history of comorbid diseases and drugs prescribed by physician for the treatment of comorbid diseases were collected in a structured format. Height and weight were recorded, and body mass index was calculated.Results: Study population included 294 patients and patients in the age groups of 40-59 years formed the bulk. 39% patients were overweight and 19.39% were obese. 93.20% patients were prescribed with metformin. 37 patients received insulin injection. 64.29% received more than one antidiabetic drug. Hypertension (82.05%) was the most common comorbid disease. Amlodipine was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug.Conclusions: Metformin was the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug. Utilization of newer antidiabetic drug is inferior. Use of rationale fixed dose combination improves patient compliance.

Serum High Density Lipoprotein Levels And Magnitude Of Cardiovascular Risk In Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus

Serum high density lipoproteins levels were estimated in type II diabetes mellitus patients with different systemic complications. Total 60 subjects (both male & female) of age group 35–60 years were selected for the study, of which 30 subjects were control (nondiabetic). Fasting high density lipoproteins levels were determined by cholesterol esterase–cholesterol oxidase–peroxidase method . Proportion of different complications was also determined. It was found that average serum values of high density lipoproteins in type II diabetes mellitus patients was significantly decreased as compared to control group. Majority of systemic complications were cardiovascular in which hypertension was commonest. The study indicated a positive correlation between serum high density lipoproteins levels and cardiovascular risk in type II diabetic patients.

The Relationship between Microalbuminuria and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type II Diabetes and Evaluate the Parameters of Internal Carotid Artery Duplex Sonographic Scanning

We aimed to determine the relationship between microalbuminuria and atherosclerosis in patients with Type II diabetes and evaluate the parameters of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) duplex ultrasonographic scanning; pulsatile index (PI) and resistive