ABSTRACT
Among the less reported complications after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is type II endoleak (T2EL). The intercostal and bronchial artery are known as feeder vessels to T2EL after TEVAR. We experienced two cases of successful treatment of percutaneous transarterial feeder vessels embolization via right costocervical trunk approach for patients with persistent T2EL and sac enlargement of an arch aneurysm after TEVAR. The costocervical trunk route is possible for key vessels to construct a collateral pathway to feeder vessels of the endoleak nidus of T2EL after TEVAR procedures for aortic arch aneurysm. A preembolizational Catheter-Directed CT angiogram (CTA) can be helpful to prevent harmful complications (e.g., spinal cord infarction).
ABSTRACT
Background : Persistent endoleak is a major cause of aneurysmal enlargement or rupture after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Although several reports have described ligation of lumbar arteries and stent graft-conserving aneurysmorrhaphy as useful strategies, treatment for type II endoleak after EVAR is controversial. Objectives : We investigated the early results in 5 patients who underwent ligation of lumbar arteries and stent graft-conserving aneurysmorrhaphy for type II endoleak. Methods : A>10 mm increase in aneurysm diameter after primary EVAR or a maximum diameter>65 mm serve as indications for intervention for type II endoleak. Under general anesthesia, following transperitoneal exposure of the abdominal aorta, the infrarenal aorta was banded using a tape at the proximal landing zone. After the aorta was opened without clamping, the lumbar arteries were ligated, and a stent graft-conserving aneurysmorrhaphy was performed. Results : The mean interval from the primary EVAR was 47±17 months. The mean operation time was 215±76 min. Blood transfusion was necessary in 4 patients (estimated blood loss 1,260±710 ml). No in-hospital deaths were observed, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 26±20 days. One patient developed aspiration pneumonia and 1 developed surgical site infection post-surgery. The diameter of the aneurysm changed from 68±8 to 47±5 mm during hospitalization and decreased further to 36±7 mm at the last follow-up. Conclusions : The early results of ligation of lumbar arteries and stent graft-conserving aneurysmorrhaphy were favorable. Although this strategy could be useful for aneurysmal dilatation secondary to persistent type II endoleak after EVAR, the indications for this approach should be determined following careful evaluation of the patient's status considering the invasiveness of the procedure.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXTO: Endoleaks tipo II são frequentes após o reparo endovascular de aneurismas de aorta. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o sucesso da embolização de endoleaks tipo II utilizando diferentes técnicas e materiais. MÉTODOS: Entre 2003 e 2015, 31 pacientes foram submetidos a embolização de endoleak tipo II, totalizando 41 procedimentos. Esses procedimentos foram conduzidos por acesso translombar, acesso femoral ou uma combinação de ambos, utilizando Onyx®18, Onyx®34, coils, plugue vascular Amplatzer® e trombina como material emboligênico. Sucesso foi definido como ausência de reintervenção. O teste de qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio entre a correção do aneurisma de aorta e a embolização foi de 14 meses. Quinze (36%) das intervenções utilizaram Onyx®18; sete (17%) utilizaram coils e Onyx®34; seis (14%) utilizaram Onyx®34; quatro (10%) utilizaram coils e Onyx®18; quatro (10%) usaram Onyx®18 e Onyx®34; e três (7%) usaram coils e trombina; um (2%) usou coils e um (2%) usou Amplatzer®. Onze pacientes (35%) necessitaram de reintervenção. A taxa de sucesso foi de 71,43% (10) para os pacientes com as artérias lombares como fonte do endoleak, 80% (8) quando a fonte era a artéria mesentérica inferior e 40% (2) quando havia combinação de ambas (p & 0,05). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa com relação ao tipo de embolização, material emboligênico e tipo de reparo da aorta para a correção do aneurisma. CONCLUSÕES: A terapia endovascular de endoleaks tipo II é um desafio, sendo necessária reintervenção em até 36% dos casos. A taxa de sucesso é menor quando o endoleak é nutrido pela combinação das artérias lombares e da artéria mesentérica inferior.
BACKGROUND: Type II endoleaks are common after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of embolization of type II endoleaks using different techniques and materials. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2015, 31 patients underwent embolization of type II endoleaks, in a total of 41 procedures. Patients underwent transarterial or translumbar embolization using Onyx®18, Onyx®34, coils, Amplatzer® plug and/or thrombin. Embolization success was defined as no endoleak reintervention. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Median embolization time after aortic aneurysm repair was 14 months. Fifteen (36%) embolization interventions were performed using Onyx®18; seven (17%) with coils and Onyx®34; six (14%) with Onyx®34; four (10%) with coils and Onyx® 18; four with Onyx®18 and Onyx®34; three (7%) with coils and thrombin; one (2%) with coils; and one (2%) with an Amplatzer® device. Eleven patients (35%) required reintervention. The embolization success rate was 71.43% (10) for patients with lumbar arteries as the source of the endoleak, 80% (8) for the inferior mesenteric artery and 40% (2) when both inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar arteries were the culprit vessels (p & 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference with regards to type of embolization, embolic material or type of previous aortic repair. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of type II endoleaks is challenging and reintervention is needed in up to 36% of patients. Endoleaks supplied by both the inferior mesenteric artery and the lumbar arteries have a lower rate of success.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/rehabilitation , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic , Endoleak/classification , Time Factors , Retrospective Studies , Endovascular Procedures , Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Type II endoleak after stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm generally permits a wait-and-see approach, however, additional second therapy is necessary if the aneurysm increases. A 78-year-old woman had undergone endovascular treatment with a stent-graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Computed tomography (CT) 3 months after the operation showed type II endoleak, and enlargement of the aneurysm was noted at 1 year. She underwent transarterial embolization for third and fourth lumbar arteries, but endoleak from the fourth lumbar artery remained, and the aneurysm was further enlarged. Surgical conversion was performed 2 years after the first operation. We applied a ligature to the forth lumbar artery by a laparotomy. Postoperative CT revealed disappearance of the endoleak. As endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm is increasing and the number of cases necessitating additional therapy appears to be rising, we need to develop processes and strategies for coping with endoleaks.