Regime de Informação e tipologia documental no âmbito dos serviços de saúde: noções aplicadas à gestão da informação em hospitais federais do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Information Regime and documental typology in the field of health services: notions applied to information management in federal hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro / Régimen de Información y tipología documental en el ámbito de los servicios de salud: nociones aplicadas a la gestión de la información en los hospitales federales del estado de Río de Janeiro

Aborda a tipologia documental em sistemas de informação digitais, compreendendo-a como metadado essencial na estrutura de transferência da informação entre serviços, sistemas e redes de atenção e inovação à saúde. Por meio de pesquisa de campo com gestores de dois hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro, realiza prospecção e análise da gestão de sistemas de informação digitais em saúde. Os resultados revelaram que o emprego do conceito de Regime de Informação e de seus componentes analíticos permite-nos obter uma visão dos recursos informacionais, tecnológicos, humanos e normativos do sistema nacional de saúde, que integram o Sistema Único de Saúde. Destaca a tipologia documental como um dos elementos constituintes dos sistemas de informação nos serviços dos hospitais, cujas interconexões e articulações expressam os aspectos seletivos e decisórios das práticas e ações de informação

It addresses the document typology in digital information systems, understanding it as essential metadata in the structure of information transfer between attention and innovation health services, systems and networks. Through field research with managers of two federal hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, it prospects and analyzes the management of digital health information systems. The results revealed that the use of the concept of Information System and of its analytical components allows us to obtain a vision of the informational, technological, human and normative resources of the national health system, which are part of the Unified Health System. It highlights the documentary typology as one of the constituent elements of information systems in hospital services, whose interconnections and articulations express the selective and decision-making aspects of information practices and actions

Aborda como objeto la tipología documental en los sistemas de información digital, entendiéndola como un metadato esencial en la estructura de transferencia de información entre servicios, sistemas y redes de atención e innovación en salud. A través de una investigación de campo con gerentes de dos hospitales federales de Río de Janeiro, prospecta y analiza la gestión de los sistemas digitales de información en salud. Los resultados revelaran que la utilización del concepto de Régimen de Información y de sus componen-tes analíticos permítenos obtener una visión de los recursos informacionales, tecnológicos, humanos y normativos del sistema nacional de salud, que integram el Sistema Único de Salud. Destaca la tipología documental como uno de los elementos constitutivos de los sistemas de información cuyas interconexiones y articulaciones expresan los aspectos selectivos y decisorios de las prácticas y acciones informativas reali-zadas en este dominio

Modelación espacial bayesiana de la estructura de los hogares y la fecundidad en municipios de México

El trabajo busca modelar el efecto de diferentes patrones de composición de hogares sobre los niveles observados de fecundidad en los municipios de México al año 2020, se trata de una investigación de tipo cuantitativo de cohorte transversal basada en la aplicación de métodos bayesianos espaciales. La hipótesis sostiene que la presencia de un mayor porcentaje de hogares familiares debería impactar en mayores tasas de fecundidad municipales. La metodología comprende la implementación de dos modelos gaussianos latentes. Un modelo nulo busca determinar si los patrones observados de fecundidad se asocian a algún mecanismo sociodemográfico o, al contrario, surgieron aleatoriamente, y otro modelo con covariables, cuyo objetivo es replicar el comportamiento de la fecundidad evaluando las consecuencias de la proporción de hogares nucleares, ampliados y compuestos presentes en los municipios. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la estimación del modelo nulo confirmaron la existencia de una relación directa entre el aumento del índice de hogares nucleares y ampliados y el de la fecundidad municipal. Sin embargo, se puede concluir que el nivel alcanzado de fecundidad de reemplazo es producto de marcadas diferencias entre municipios, originadas por la presencia de una tipología heterogénea de hogares inmersos en contextos geográficos, sociales y culturales dispares.

This paper seeks to model the effect that different patterns of household composition have on the observed levels of fertility in the municipalities of Mexico in the year 2020; it is a quantitative cross-sectional cohort research based on the application of spatial Bayesian methods. The hypothesis is that the presence of a higher percentage of family households should have an impact on higher municipal fertility rates. The methodology involves the implementation of two latent Gaussian models. One null model, which seeks to determine whether the observed fertility patterns were generated by some socio-demographic mechanism or, on the contrary, arose randomly, and two, a model with covariates whose objective is to replicate the behavior of fertility by evaluating the effect of the proportion of nuclear, extended and compound households present in municipalities. The results obtained from estimation of null model confirm the existence of a direct relationship between increase in the proportion of nuclear and extended households and the increase of municipal fertility. However, it can be concluded that the level of replacement fertility reached by Mexico in the year 2020 is the product of marked differences between municipalities; differences originated by the presence of a heterogeneous typology of households immersed in disparate geographic, social and cultural contexts.

Violencia en las relaciones románticas y tipología familiar en jóvenes universitarios / Violence in romantic relationships and family typology in young university students

Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo durante la juventud se transcribe en un problema social de gran importancia en razón al impacto y consecuencias que conlleva para la vida, incluyendo el hecho de ser un fuerte predictor de la violencia en la adultez. El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar la relación entre las conductas violentas en el noviazgo, la tipología familiar y algunos factores sociodemográficos, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios de la Sabana de Bogotá. Para tal fin se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, con un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional a una muestra de 515 estudiantes universitarios de cinco instituciones de educación superior de la región sabana de Bogotá, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 25 años. Dentro de los hallazgos, para la muestra en estudio, se encontraron relaciones entre dichos factores de violencia y algunas tipologías familiares y los factores sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En conclusión, variables como la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y la tipología familiar se relacionan con la presentación de algunos tipos de violencia presentada durante el noviazgo.

Abstract Dating violence during youth transforms into a social problem of great importance because of its impact and consequences for life, including the fact that it is a strong predictor of violence in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between dating violence, family typology and some sociodemographic factors in a sample of young university students from the Bogota savanna. To this end, a cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with a descriptive correlational design on a sample of 515 university students from five higher education institutions in the Bogotá savanna region, aged between 18 and 25 years. Among the findings, for the sample under study, relationships were found between these factors of violence and some family typologies and the sex and socioeconomic level factors. In conclusion, variables such as age, socioeconomic level and family typology are related to the appearance of some types of dating violence.

Coordenação do cuidado na atenção primária à saúde: uma análise na atenção à saúde da mulher e da criança / Coordenação do cuidado na atenção primária à saúde: uma análise na atenção à saúde da mulher e da criança

A coordenação do cuidado é uma estratégia fundamental para uma assistência à saúde de qualidade, sendo um parâmetro para avaliar a robustez do sistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a coordenação do cuidado na Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS) no Brasil, focando a associação do atributo com a qualidade na atenção nas áreas de saúde da mulher e da criança. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base no banco de dados da avaliação externa do 2º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) realizada nos anos de 2013 e 2014, e do 3º ciclo realizada entre os anos de 2018 e 2019, abrangendo equipes de APS distribuídas em todo o território nacional. Em uma primeira etapa, utilizando os dados do 2º ciclo foram analisadas as atividades de coordenação do cuidado realizadas pelas equipes, além das subdimensões referentes à saúde da mulher e da criança. A variável dependente foi o resultado da qualidade da atenção nas áreas de saúde da mulher e da criança e a variável independente foi o nível de coordenação do cuidado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados testes de associação. Em uma segunda etapa do estudo, utilizando o banco de dados do 3º ciclo foram elaboradas três tipologias de coordenação do cuidado: PMAQ, Atlas e Observatório. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados os testes de Qui-Quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis. Na primeira etapa, foram avaliadas 28.056 equipes, 68,5% apresentaram nível baixo de coordenação, sendo que os mais baixos foram encontrados nos estrato 1 (78,5%) e 2 (74,7%). Dentre as regiões, o sudeste apresentou o maior percentual de equipes com alto nível (37,6%) e o norte com nível baixo (89,1%). Em relação à assistência à saúde da mulher, o percentual de equipes com baixo nível (70,3%) foi superior, enquanto para a saúde da criança houve um maior percentual com alto nível (63,3%). Verificou-se que possuir alto nível de coordenação - tanto na saúde da mulher (OR: 20,99) como na saúde da criança (OR: 6,42) - esteve associado a um alto nível de assistência nestas áreas. Na segunda etapa, foram avaliadas 35.350 equipes. Constatou-se diferença significativa (valor-p < 0,001) entre os níveis de coordenação, com predomínio de altos e médios níveis, respectivamente, para os três instrumentos, PMAQ (56,07% e 38,35%), Atlas (52,63% e 40,66%) e o Observatório (44,82% e 43,98%). Na comparação dos indicadores, houve diferença significativa entre as tipologias, com associação significativa (valor-p < 0,001) entre os estratos e os níveis de coordenação. Na comparação entre os indicadores, observou-se que pelo menos um estrato difere dos demais, padrão que se repete nas três tipologias. Pode-se concluir que no segundo ciclo houve predomínio de baixos níveis de coordenação do cuidado, uma associação positiva entre altos níveis de coordenação e altos níveis de assistência, tanto para a saúde da mulher como para a saúde da criança. No terceiro ciclo predominaram altos e médios níveis de coordenação, constataram-se diferenças significativas entre o PMAQ, Atlas e Observatório.

The coordination of care is a fundamental strategy for quality health care, being a parameter to assess the robustness of the system. This study aimed to evaluate the coordination of care in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil, focusing on the association of the attribute with the quality of care in the areas of women's and children's health. A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the external evaluation database of the 2nd cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) carried out in the years 2013 and 2014, and the 3rd cycle carried out between years 2018 and 2019, covering PHC teams distributed throughout the national territory. In a first stage, using the data from the 2nd cycle, the care coordination activities carried out by the teams were analyzed, in addition to the subdimensions related to the health of women and children. The dependent variable was the result of the quality of care in the areas of women's and children's health and the independent variable was the level of care coordination. Descriptive analyzes were carried out and association tests were applied. In a second stage of the study, using the database of the 3rd cycle, three types of care coordination were developed: PMAQ, Atlas and Observatory. Descriptive analyzes were performed and the Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. In the first stage, 28,056 teams were evaluated, 68.5% had a low level of coordination, the lowest being found in strata 1 (78.5%) and 2 (74.7%). Among the regions, the Southeast had the highest percentage of teams with a high level (37.6%) and the North with a low level (89.1%). In relation to women's health care, the percentage of teams with low level (70.3%) was higher, while for children's health there was a higher percentage with high level (63.3%). It was found that having a high level of coordination - both in women's health (OR: 20.99) and in children's health (OR: 6.42) - was associated with a high level of assistance in these areas. In the second stage, 35,350 teams were evaluated. There was a significant difference (p-value <0.001) between the coordination levels, with a predominance of high and medium levels, respectively, for the three instruments, PMAQ (56.07% and 38.35%), Atlas (52, 63% and 40.66%) and the Observatory (44.82% and 43.98%). When comparing the indicators, there was a significant difference between the types, with a significant association (p-value <0.001) between the strata and the levels of coordination. When comparing the indicators, it was observed that at least one stratum differs from the others, a pattern that is repeated in the three typologies. It can be concluded that in the second cycle there was a predominance of low levels of coordination of care, a positive association between high levels of coordination and high levels of assistance, both for the health of the woman and the health of the child. In the third cycle, high and medium levels of coordination predominated, significant differences were found between the PMAQ, Atlas and Observatory

Assessment of Livestock Production Technologies and Package of Practices through Multivariate Typology: A Case of Maharashtra, India

The study was carried out in four different agro-climatic zones of Maharashtra. A typology was developed applying multivariate statistical techniques i.e. Cluster analysis (CA) to classify groups of farm households with similar farm characteristics into four homogenous clusters, (i) households possessing small landholding, a larger high yielding dairy stock with small goat flock size (37.5%), (ii) households having small landholding with a small stock of high yielding dairy animal and small goat flock size (39%), (iii) households having large landholding with large high yielding dairy stock and small flock size (13.5%) and (iv) households possessing small landholding with small high yielding dairy stock and large flock size (10%). An assessment in terms of awareness, knowledge and adoption of dairy technologies and goat production practices were carried out across the clusters which was found significantly high within the household of cluster 3 and 4. The overall adoption index was found to be 65.16 per cent across the whole clusters. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total SAU, flock size, occupation, innovative proneness, scientific orientation, awareness of technology and knowledge of technology contribute positively (P<0.01, P<0.05) to the adoption of technology. The coefficient of determination was found (R2 =0.66) across the whole clusters

How do stress, sleep quality, and chronotype associate with clinically significant depressive symptoms? A study of young male military recruits in compulsory service

Objective: Although studies have shown an association between poor sleep and chronotype with psychiatric problems in young adults, few have focused on identifying multiple concomitant risk factors. Methods: We assessed depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), circadian typology (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire [MEQ]), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), social rhythm (Social Rhythm Metrics [SRM]), and salivary cortisol (morning, evening and night, n=37) in 236 men (all 18 years old). Separate analyses were conducted to understand how each PSQI domain was associated with depressive symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in individuals with higher perceived stress (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.429, p < 0.001), evening types (PR = 2.58, p < 0.001) and poor sleepers (PR = 1.808, p = 0.046). Multivariate modeling showed that these three variables were independently associated with depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). The PSQI items subjective sleep quality and sleep disturbances were significantly more prevalent in individuals with depressive symptoms (PR = 2.210, p = 0.009 and PR = 2.198, p = 0.008). Lower levels of morning cortisol were significantly associated with higher depressive scores (r = -0.335; p = 0.043). Conclusion: It is important to evaluate multiple factors related to sleep and chronotype in youth depression studies, since this can provide important tools for comprehending and managing mental health problems.

Nutrikinetic study of fermented soybean paste (Cheonggukjang) isoflavones according to the Sasang typology

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste.SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed.RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T(max)) and elimination half-life (t(1/2)) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T(max) and t(1/2) of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

Socio-economic and technological typology of avocado cv. Hass farms from Antioquia (Colombia) / Tipologia socioeconômica e tecnológica do abacate cv. Granjas Hass de Antioquia (Colômbia)

ABSTRACT: A typology of avocado cv. Hass farms was constructed based on information collected from productive units in Antioquia, Colombia. The study aimed to provide key information about the farms for those involved in the design of programs and public policies directed to growers. The data were scrutinized through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster Analysis. The sample was made up of 214 growers of the crop. Quantitative and qualitative variables were employed for the MCA, which rendered 40 dimensions, out of which 16 accounted for 70% of the total inertia (variance) found in the data. These 16 dimensions were used as input for the Cluster Analysis, which provided the following results: 52%, 32% and 15% of the farms were located in Clusters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The identified farm types can be associated to peasant (Cluster 1) and commercial (Cluster 3) agricultural schemes, plus a transition between them (Cluster 2). The most discriminating variables regarding such categorization were: farm size, farm registry at ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute), Avocado cv. Hass yield, labor source, presence of crops other than avocado, existence of formal commercial alliances and technical assistance type. The percentage of farmers belonging to grower organizations was high in the three clusters. Growers in Clusters 3 and 2 had established formal commercial alliances which enabled them to access better sale prices for the crop. A trend towards establishing cv. Hass as a monocrop is observed, which may threaten both crop biodiversity and the food security of peasant growers.

RESUMO: Uma tipologia de fazendas produtoras de abacate cv. Hass foi realizada a partir de informações levantadas em unidades produtivas no departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia. O objetivo do estudo foi fornecer informações importantes sobre as fazendas produtoras da variedade de abacate Hass, com o intuito de apoiar a elaboração de programas e políticas públicas destinados aos produtores desta variedade. Métodos estatísticos multivariados como Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM) e Análise de Clusters foram utilizados. A amostra foi composta por 214 produtores de abacate cv. Hass. Variáveis ​​categóricas de tipo quantitativo e qualitativo foram utilizadas no ACM, o que permitiu a obtenção de 40 dimensões, das quais 16 continham 70% da inércia total (variância) presente nos dados. As 16 dimensões serviram como entrada para a Análise de Clusters, a qual produziu os seguintes resultados: 52%, 32% e 15% das fazendas estiveram localizadas nos Clusters 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Os tipos de fazendas identificados podem ser associados a esquemas de agricultura camponesa (Cluster 1), agricultura comercial (Cluster 3), e uma transição entre elas (Cluster 2). Variáveis ​​como a fonte de trabalho, a presença de culturas diferentes ao abacate, a existência de alianças comerciais formais e o tipo de assistência técnica recebida são as mais diferenciadas em relação a esta categorização. A percentagem de produtores pertencentes a organizações de produtores foi alta nos três clusters. Os produtores dos Clusters 3 e 2 estabeleceram alianças formais de negócios, o que lhes permitiu ter acesso a melhores preços de venda da cultura. Há uma tendência a estabelecer o abacate cv. Hass como uma monocultura, o que pode ameaçar tanto a diversidade da agricultura quanto a segurança alimentar dos produtores camponeses.

Características y desafíos del crimen organizado transnacional en la Triple Frontera: Argentina-Paraguay-Brasil / Characteristics and challenges of the transnational organized crime on the tripartite border among Argentine, Paraguay and Brazil / Características e desafios do crime organizado transnacional na tríplice fronteira: Argentina-Paraguai-Brasil

Resumen El impacto del crimen organizado transnacional en la frontera compartida entre Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil es tan grande, que hace que la región sea caracterizada por la prensa internacional y se considere como una de las más peligrosas del mundo. Este documento pretende, en primer lugar, realizar una caracterización de la región, con el fin de establecer el contexto que hace propicia la consolidación de los esquemas criminales. En seguida, se mostrará cuáles son los principales crímenes que se desarrollan y los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se establecerá cuáles han sido las respuestas de los tres gobiernos para superar la situación. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, con vocación analítica y documental, a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias que permitieron identificar la importancia estratégica y socioeconómica de los corredores fronterizos en la Triple Frontera, y la existencia de zonas grises, donde ha tenido amplio desarrollo el crimen organizado transnacional, a partir de la existencia de grupos nativos y no nativos en la zona, y de un amplio portafolio criminal que pone en evidencia la evolución de las amenazas a la seguridad. Las iniciativas implementadas por los gobiernos, en forma individual y en conjunto, finalmente se muestran insuficientes para contener el avance del fenómeno y como uno de los principales desafíos en la Triple Frontera.

Abstract The impact of the transnational organized crime in the tripartite border among Argentine, Paraguay and Brazil is so great that the region is characterized by the international media and considered one of the most dangerous areas in the world. This paper aims, first, to do a characterization of the region to establish the context that makes the consolidation of the criminal schemas favorable. Then, it will present the main crimes perpetrated and the individuals involved. Finally, it will establish the three governments' responses to overcome this problematic. This study used a qualitative analysis and documentary methodology, starting from primary and secondary sources. These sources allowed identifying the strategic and socioeconomic importance of the border corridors in this triple borderline, and the existence of grey zones, where transnational organized crime has had a great growth since the existence of native and non-native groups in this area; and of a broad criminal portfolio that points out the evolution of threats to security. The initiatives implemented by the governments, individually and collectively, are insufficient to stop the advancement of this matter and are shown as one of the main challenges in this shared border.

Resumo O impacto do crime organizado transnacional na fronteira compartilhada entre Argentina, Paraguai e Brasil é tão grande, que faz que a região seja caraterizada pela imprensa internacional e que seja considerada como uma das mais perigosas do mundo. Este documento pretende, em primeiro lugar, realizar uma caracterização da região, com o fim de establecer o contexto que propicia a consolidação dos esquemas criminais. Logo, se mostrará quais são os principais crimes cometidos e os atores envolvidos. Finalmente, se estabelecerá quais têm sido as propostas dos três governos para resolver a situação. A metodología utilizada foi qualitativa de tipo analítica e documental, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias que permitiram identificar a importância estratégica e socioeconómica dos corredores fronteiriços na tríplice fronteira, e a existência de zonas cinzentas, onde o crime organizado transnacional tem tido um amplo desenvolvimento a partir da existência de grupos nativos e não nativos na zona, e de uma ampla variedade de crimes que evidencia a evolução das ameaças à segurança. As iniciativas implementadas pelos governos, de forma individual e conjunta, finalmente se mostram insuficientes para conter o avanço do fenômeno e se mostram como um dos principais desafios na tríplice fronteira.

Assessment and Understanding of Chronotype / 수면정신생리

Chronotype (CT) is defined as an inter-individual difference in sleep-wake cycles and daily activities. Previous studies have suggested that this individual difference can influence our biological and psychological functioning. Literature regarding the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures are reviewed. We provide an overview of biological indicators (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin) that are used for distinguishing two chronotypes: morningness (MT) and eveningness (ET). We also review the differences between CT in relation to personality traits and the occurrence of psychopathology. In addition, the methodological limitations of studies on CT are discussed. Finally, future research directions in terms of CT are proposed.

Comparison of Psychological Characteristics of Lesch Types 2 (Anxiety Model) and 3 (Depressive Model) Alcoholism / 우울ㆍ조울병

BACKGROUND: Lesch types 2 (L2, anxiety model) and 3 (L3, depressive model) of alcoholism exhibit different responses to anti-craving agents, and most treatment guidelines provide differential treatment strategies for bipolar depression (DEP) and unipolar DEP. We compare the psychological characteristics of L2 and L3 alcoholism and between the unipolar and bipolar subgroups.METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients who were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder using the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and classified as L2 and L3 using Lesch Alcohol typology software. All patients completed self-report scales (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II], and Korean Symptom Checklist-95 [KSCL95]). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, and ANOVA.RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 23 were assigned L2, and 20 were assigned L3. The scores for the KSCL95 subscales fell generally in the increasing order of the L2-unipolar (L2U, n=10), L2-bipolar (L2B, n=13), L3-unipolar (L3U, n=11), and L3-bipolar (L3B, n=9) types. The L3B scores were greater than the L3U scores for most KSCL95 subscales, by contrast with the DEP and BAI scores.CONCLUSION: We found psychological differences between L2 and L3 and identified the unique psychological characteristics for each subgroup by polarity. The psychological characteristics of these subgroups of alcohol use disorder may help improve the treatment success rates through individualized treatment strategies.

Trayectorias delictivas y medidas educativas en el juzgado de menores / Criminal Trajectories and Educational Measures in the Juvenile Court

Resumen El objetivo general de este trabajo fue el de determinar el perfil de los menores que acuden al juzgado, según sus trayectorias delictivas, en cuanto al tipo de delito y la medida propuesta. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 210 menores del Juzgado de Castellón, de edades entre 14.03 y 18.1 años. Las trayectorias de los menores reincidentes (23.15) correspondieron, en mayor medida, a delitos cometidos contra la propiedad 51.2% (delitos cometidos contra las personas = 48.8%). Por otra parte, a medida que iba aumentando la restricción de la medida, se incrementaba la reincidencia. Las medidas que contaron con un porcentaje más alto de reincidencia fueron: tratamiento ambulatorio (66.7%), tareas socioeducativas (53.8%), internamiento y (50%) y libertad vigilada (47.2%).

Abstract The aim of this study is to define a profile of juvenile offenders with a criminal record in the juvenile court, according to their criminal trajectory, depending on the type of crime and educational measure. Participants were 210 adolescents between the ages of 14.03 and 18.10. Results showed recidivism trajectories (23.15%) that property-related offences were more present 51.2%, (offences against persons, and 48.8%). On the other hand as the educational measure is more punitive, the amount of minors with more criminal records is higher. The educational measures with the higher recidivism rates are: Outpatient services (66.7%), Socio-educational tasks (53.8%), Confinement in closed centres (50%) and Probation (47.2%).

Relationship between circadian typology and internet addiction in college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate status of internet addiction and circadian typology in college students and to explore the relationship between circadian typology and internet addiction. Methods A total of 3 572 college students including freshmen and juniors was enrolled in the study. Circadian typology and internet addiction were assessed by morningness-eveningness questionnaire(MEQ) and internet addiction test (IAT) respectively. All questionnaires were self-reported. Results The score of IAT was (38. 46±11. 84) points and incidence of internet addiction was 41. 7%. Freshmen and juniors were significantly different in distribution of circadian typology and IAT scores(χ2=10. 51,P<0. 05; t=5. 90,P<0. 01). Proportion of the evening type and scores of IAT of juniors(33. 0%,(39. 66±12. 71)points) were both higher than those of freshmen(28. 3%,(37. 32±10. 82)points). For freshmen,IAT scores of evening type students((40. 79± 11. 33)points) was higher than those of intermediate type students((36. 54±10. 27)points) and morning type students((32. 27±9. 66)points),and the differences were statistically significant(F=51. 81,P<0. 01). For juniors,IAT scores of evening type students((42. 90±13. 02)points) was higher than those of intermedi-ate type students((38. 61±12. 19)points) and morning type students((34. 06±11. 92)points),and the differences were statistically significant(F=37. 80,P<0. 01). After adjusting for gender,age,grade and par-ents’ educational level by analysis of covariance,IAT scores were still statistically different in circadian ty-pology(F=93. 53,P<0. 01). Results from ordinal logistic regression showed that grade(juniors compared to freshman,OR=1. 42,P<0. 01) and circadian typology (evening type compared to morning type,OR=3. 82,P<0. 01; intermediate type compared to morning type,OR=1. 97,P<0. 01) were independent factors influen- cing internet addiction. Conclusion Internet addiction of college students is at a high level and different in grades. Compared with junior students,senior students are at a higher level of internet addiction. College students with evening type are more likely to be internet addicted.

Formation of homogeneous groups of bovine milk production units via multivariate statistical techniques / Formação de grupos homogêneos de unidades de produção de leite bovino através de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas

ABSTRACT: Milk supply chain in Brazil exhibits significant production system heterogeneity in all federal units. Thus, the objective of this study was to form homogeneous groups of bovine milk production units based on the chemical and microbiological quality of the milk via multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 1,541 milk producing units (MPUs), corresponding to 44,089 samples, were analyzed. The first three principal components accounted for 81.38% of the total variation in the data. Principal component 1 (PC1) was associated with the chemical quality of milk (fat, protein [PROT] and total dry extract [TDE] content), while PC2 and PC3 were associated with microbiological quality (somatic cell count [SCC] and total bacterial count [TBC]). The concurrent analysis of the two two-dimensional projections characterized the different productive strata by their quality attributes and identified the positive/negative points of milk microbiological characteristics in each production group. Thus, the dimensionality of the set of 1,541 MPUs was reduced to 15 homogeneous production groups. This method optimizes the use of the dairy industry monthly database and characterizes all the heterogeneities present in dairy production systems.

RESUMO: A cadeia produtiva brasileira de leite possui expressiva heterogeneidade de sistemas de produção em todas as unidades federativas. Assim, objetivou-se formar grupos homogêneos de unidades de produção de leite bovino através de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, com base na qualidade química e microbiológica do leite. Foram utilizadas 1.541 unidades produtoras de leite (UPL), totalizando 44.089 amostras analisadas. Os três primeiros componentes principais explicaram 81,38% da variação total dos dados. O componente principal 1 associou-se à qualidade química do leite (gordura, proteína e extrato seco total), enquanto os componentes principais 2 e 3 com a qualidade microbiológica (contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total). Com a análise conjunta das três projeções bidimensionais, caracterizaram-se os distintos estratos produtivos quanto aos seus atributos de qualidade e identificaram-se os pontos positivos/negativos das características microbiológicas do leite de cada um dos grupos de produção. Assim, obteve-se uma redução da dimensionalidade do conjunto de 1.541UPL em 15 grupos de produção homogêneos, otimizando a utilização da base de informações mensais das indústrias lácteas, e caracterizando a totalidade das heterogeneidades presentes em sistemas de produção leiteiros.

Innovation on classification of healthcare systems / 中国卫生政策研究

This article addresses the issue of the classification of healthcare systems, with the intent to take a step further than the previously analysed models of healthcare organisation. As concerns the financing of healthcare services, the standard tripartite classification ( according to which healthcare systems are divided into three groups:voluntary insurance, social health insurance and universal coverage) is enriched with two additionaltypes: compul-sory national health insurance and residual programs. With respect to the provision of services and the relationship between insurers and providers, it is important to distinguish between vertically integrated and separated systems. What differentiates this analysis from the majority of previous studies is its underlying logic. Assuming that all sys-tems are hybrid,the article proposes to put aside the classic logic for classifying healthcare systems ( according to which individual countries are pigeonholed into different classes depending on the prevailing system) in favour of the identikit logic. The concept of segmentation ( of healthcare services or population) proves to be remarkably use-ful to this purpose.

The effects of circadian typology on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of circadian typology of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to analyze its consequent impact on glycemic control. Methods From January 2016 to June 2016, a total of 283 T2DM patients were interviewed in this study. Self designed questionnaire, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to collect information on diabetes history, circadian typology, sleep quality and depression. HbA1c and other biochemical indicators were determined. The glycemic control target was<7%. The 283 T2DM patients were divided into three groups:morning type group, evening type group and neither type group according to MEQ score. Results Of the 283 subjects, 97 (34.3%) were classified as morning type, 42 (14.8%) as evening type, and 144 (50.9%) as neither. Participants with evening type were younger, shorter diabetes duration, more depressive symptoms, higher perceived sleep debt, higher FBG and higher HbA1c than those with morning type. The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that HbAlc≥7%was associated with higher FBG, higher PSQI score, higher sleep debt, lower HDL-C, and lower MEQ scores (OR=0.189-2.904, all P<0.05). Conclusions Evening type was associated with higher HbA1c and poorer glycemic control in T2DM patients compared with morning type and may be one of the risk factors affecting glycemic control.

The effects of circadian typology on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of circadian typology of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to analyze its consequent impact on glycemic control. Methods From January 2016 to June 2016, a total of 283 T2DM patients were interviewed in this study. Self designed questionnaire, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to collect information on diabetes history, circadian typology, sleep quality and depression. HbA1c and other biochemical indicators were determined. The glycemic control target was<7%. The 283 T2DM patients were divided into three groups:morning type group, evening type group and neither type group according to MEQ score. Results Of the 283 subjects, 97 (34.3%) were classified as morning type, 42 (14.8%) as evening type, and 144 (50.9%) as neither. Participants with evening type were younger, shorter diabetes duration, more depressive symptoms, higher perceived sleep debt, higher FBG and higher HbA1c than those with morning type. The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that HbAlc≥7%was associated with higher FBG, higher PSQI score, higher sleep debt, lower HDL-C, and lower MEQ scores (OR=0.189-2.904, all P<0.05). Conclusions Evening type was associated with higher HbA1c and poorer glycemic control in T2DM patients compared with morning type and may be one of the risk factors affecting glycemic control.

A methodology for definition of rural spaces: an implementation in Brazil / Uma metodologia para definição de espaços rurais: uma implementação no Brasil

ABSTRACT: Rural spaces definitions are differentiated in several countries. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has standardized a rural definition by regional typology. The OECD regional typology set areas as Predominantly Urban, Intermediate, or Predominantly Rural. This paper analyses the application of OECD regional typology in Brazilian territory. The research used the OECD methodology, with support of GIS software, to define the rural areas in Brazil. The mostly segmented data from Brazilian Census of 2010 are used in contrast to others studies. The paper concludes that Brazil is more urban than official estimates and OECD reports. According to paper results, 87.48% of Brazilian population is urban and only one Territorial Level 3 region was classified as predominantly rural.

RESUMO: As definições de espaços rurais são diferenciadas em vários países. A Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) tem padronizado uma definição de rural através da sua tipologia regional. A tipologia regional da OECD define áreas como Predominantemente Urbanas, Intermediárias ou Predominantemente Rurais. O presente artigo analisa a aplicação da tipologia da OECD no território brasileiro. A pesquisa usou a metodologia proposta pela OECD, com o suporte de software GIS, para definir as áreas rurais presentes no Brasil. Utilizando os dados mais desagregados disponíveis dos Censos Brasileiros de 2010, este artigo se diferencia de outros estudos desse âmbito. As conclusões apontam para um Brasil mais urbano do que as estimativas oficiais e os relatórios da OECD. De acordo com os resultados, 87,48% da população brasileira seria urbana e apenas uma mesorregião seria classificada como Predominantemente Rural.

A study on the relationship between family typology and perceived social support in spouses of pa-tient after stroke events / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study family typology of stroke survivors′spouse and its relationship with perceived social support and offer a basic reference for family intervention. Methods A total of 327 qualified spouses of stroke survivors were investigated in the Family Cohesion and Adaptability Questionnaire (FACESII-CV) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) for their family typology proportion and relationship with PSSS. Results Compared with normal group, the ratios of extremity type family and middle family type were increased in this study: 23.9%(78/327)vs. 16.4%(20/122), 45.0%(147/327) vs. 29.5%(36/122), while the equilibrium family type were decreased:31.1% (102/327) vs. 54.1%(66/122), and there were significant differences (χ2=23.089, P 0.05). Family typology was the most important factor to PSSS (β=0.212, P 0.05). Conclusions Among the spouses of stroke survivors, the ratios of extremity and middle family type are increased but equilibrium family type are decreased. Family typology is the most important factor to PSSS of survivors′spouse. The PSSS of survivors′spouse in extremity type families is higher than that in middle and equilibrium type families. Intervention should be offered to the families, guiding the conversion of family typology from other types to extremity.