Validación por especialistas a grupo de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica para futbolistas Categoría Sub-14

La resistencia aeróbica en el fútbol se considera una capacidad determinante, para lo cual su potenciación es parte indispensable del contenido de la preparación deportiva, siendo útil diseñar modelos especializados para su mejora, los cuales deben someterse en primera instancia a su validación teórica. En tal sentido, se plantea como objetivo de la investigación validar teóricamente a través de expertos nacionales y extranjeros una propuesta sobre un grupo de ejercicios para desarrollar la resistencia aeróbica en futbolistas de la categoría Sub-14. La Investigación es descriptiva-explicativa de orden correlacional, se valida una propuesta de intervención con un grupo de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica para futbolistas Sub-14 en dos momentos del diseño. Se consultan 5 indicadores evaluativos a 25 especialistas (Nacionales: 14, Extranjeros: 11), se valida teóricamente la futura propuesta de intervención. Entre grupos independientes no se presentaron evaluaciones significativamente diferentes en ninguno de los 5 indicadores. Entre grupos relacionados, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas a favor del postest, tanto en los especialistas nacionales (Integralidad: r=0.001; Asequibilidad: r=0.002; Progresión: p=0.001; Variedad: p=0.001; Especialización Progresiva: p=0.001), como en los extranjeros (Integralidad: r=0.006; Asequibilidad: r=0.004; Progresión: p=0.002; Variedad: p=0.003; Especialización Progresiva: p=0.004). La futura propuesta de intervención presentó una adecuada Integralidad, Asequibilidad, Progresión, Variedad y Especialización Progresiva, mejorando significativamente las evaluaciones de la propuesta en su segundo momento de diseñada. Por otra parte, existe un grado de concordancia adecuado independientemente de las concepciones teóricas y metodológicas de cada grupo independiente, un valor adicional de la propuesta presentada por el autor.

A resistência aeróbica no futebol é considerada uma capacidade determinante, para a qual a sua valorização é uma parte indispensável do conteúdo da preparação desportiva, sendo útil para conceber modelos especializados para o seu aperfeiçoamento, os quais devem ser submetidos, em primeira instância, a uma validação teórica. Neste sentido, o objectivo da investigação é validar teoricamente, através de peritos nacionais e estrangeiros, uma proposta de um grupo de exercícios para desenvolver a resistência aeróbica em jogadores de futebol da categoria sub-14. A investigação é descritiva-explicativa de ordem correlacional, uma proposta de intervenção é validada com um grupo de exercícios de resistência aeróbica para jogadores de futebol sub-14 em dois momentos da concepção. Cinco indicadores de avaliação foram consultados com 25 especialistas (Nacionais: 14, Estrangeiros: 11), e a futura proposta de intervenção foi teoricamente validada. Entre grupos independentes, não houve avaliações significativamente diferentes em nenhum dos 5 indicadores. Entre grupos relacionados, foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas a favor do pós-teste, tanto nos especialistas nacionais (Compreensibilidade: r=0,001; Acessibilidade de preços: r=0,002; Progressão: p=0,001; Variedade: p=0,001; Especialização Progressiva: p=0,001), como nos especialistas estrangeiros (Compreensibilidade: r=0,006; Acessibilidade de preços: r=0,004; Progressão: p=0,002; Variedade: p=0,003; Especialização Progressiva: p=0,004). A futura proposta de intervenção apresentou uma Compreensibilidade, Acessibilidade, Progressão, Variedade e Especialização Progressiva adequadas, melhorando significativamente as avaliações da proposta no seu segundo momento de concepção. Por outro lado, existe um grau de acordo adequado independentemente das concepções teóricas e metodológicas de cada grupo independente, um valor adicional da proposta apresentada pelo autor.

Aerobic endurance in soccer is considered a determining capacity, for which its enhancement is an indispensable part of the content of sports training, being useful to design specialized models for its improvement, which must first be submitted to theoretical validation. In this sense, the objective of the research is to theoretically validate, through national and foreign experts, a proposal on a group of exercises to develop aerobic endurance in soccer players of the U-14 category. The research is descriptive-explanatory of correlational order, an intervention proposal is validated with a group of aerobic endurance exercises for U-14 soccer players in two moments of the design. Five evaluative indicators were consulted to 25 specialists (Nationals: 14, Foreigners: 11), and the future intervention proposal was theoretically validated. Between independent groups, there were no significantly different evaluations in any of the indicators5. Between related groups, significant differences in favor of the posttest were evidenced, both in the national specialists (Comprehensiveness: r=0.001; Affordability: r=0.002; Progression: p=0.001; Variety: p=0.001; Progressive Specialization: p=0.001), and in the foreign specialists (Comprehensiveness: r=0.006; Affordability: r=0.004; Progression: p=0.002; Variety: p=0.003; Progressive Specialization: p=0.004). The future intervention proposal presented adequate Comprehensiveness, Affordability, Progression, Variety and Progressive Specialization, significantly improving the evaluations of the proposal in its second moment of design. On the other hand, there is an adequate degree of agreement regardless of the theoretical and methodological conceptions of each independent group, an additional value of the proposal presented by the author.

Validación por especialistas de un grupo de ejercicios pliométricos de fuerza-reactiva para futbolistas de la categoría sub-14 / Validação por especialistas de um grupo de exercícios pliométricos de força-reativa para jogadores de futebol sub-14 / Validation by specialists of a reactive-strength plyometric exercises group for U-14 Soccer players

RESUMEN La pliometría es un método de entrenamiento diseñado para reproducir movimientos rápidos, explosivos y potentes; mejora la fuerza y la rapidez en distintos planos musculares, por lo cual suele ser muy útil para mejorar ciertas habilidades físicas en deportes como el fútbol. El objetivo de esta investigación es validar teóricamente, mediante consulta por especialistas, un grupo de ejercicios pliométricos de fuerza-reactiva para futbolistas categoría sub-14. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva-explicativa, de orden cualitativa y correlacional. Se encuestan a 21 especialistas de fútbol, clasificados en dos grupos independientes, se validan teóricamente alcances y limitaciones de una propuesta de ejercicios pliométricos para miembros inferiores, adaptados a futbolistas sub-14. Los promedios que describen los puntajes alcanzados fueron mayores en el postest, existen diferencias significativas al evaluar indistintamente cada grupo estudiado (Grupo 1: "I" r=0.004, "A" r=0.005, "P" r=0.003, "V" r=0.003 y "EP" r=0.003; Grupo 2: "I" r=0.002, "A" r=0.003, "P" r=0.001, "V" r=0.003 y "EP" r=0.002), no existen diferencias significativas al comparar los resultados entre cada grupo independiente como parte del pretest "I" (p=0.973), "A" (p=0.756), "P" (p=0.426), "V" (p=1.000) y "EP" (p=0.468) y como parte del postest "I" (p=0.223), "A" (p=0.973), "P" (p=0.173), "V" (p=0.918) y "EP" (p=0.918). Con este trabajo, se mejora teóricamente la propuesta de intervención, concerniente en 25 ejercicios de pliometría aplicada a miembros inferiores de futbolistas sub-14, además, se tienen presente cinco indicadores de análisis. Se recomienda realizar una validación práctica que enfoque la investigación a futuro, con un tipo de investigación experimental o cuasi-experimental.

RESUMO A Pliometria é um método de treino concebido para reproduzir movimentos rápidos, explosivos e poderosos; melhora a força e a rapidez em diferentes planos musculares, pelo que é normalmente muito útil para melhorar certas capacidades físicas em desportos como o futebol. O objetivo desta investigação é validar teoricamente, através da consulta por especialistas, um grupo de exercícios pliométricos de força reativa para jogadores de futebol sub-14. Esta investigação é descritiva-explicativa, qualitativa e correlacional. Vinte e um especialistas em futebol, classificados em dois grupos independentes, foram inquiridos. O âmbito e as limitações de uma proposta de exercícios pliométricos para membros inferiores, adaptados aos jogadores de futebol sub-14, foram teoricamente validados. As médias que descrevem as pontuações obtidas foram mais elevadas no pós-teste, existem diferenças significativas ao avaliar indistintamente cada grupo estudado (Grupo 1: "I" r=0. 004, "A" r=0,005, "P" r=0,003, "V" r=0,003 e "EP" r=0,003; Grupo 2: "I" r=0,002, "A" r=0,003, "P" r=0,001, "V" r=0,003 e "EP" r=0. 002), não há diferenças significativas ao comparar os resultados entre cada grupo independente como parte do "I" (p=0,973), "A" (p=0). 756), "P" (p=0,426), "V" (p=1.000) e "EP" (p=0,468) e como parte do pós-teste "I" (p=0,223), "A" (p=0,973), "P" (p=0,173), "V" (p=0,918) e "EP" (p=0,918). Com este trabalho, a proposta de intervenção é teoricamente melhorada, relativamente a 25 exercícios pliométricos aplicados aos membros inferiores dos jogadores de futebol sub-14, além disso, são tidos em conta cinco indicadores de análise. Recomenda-se a realização de uma validação prática que focalize a investigação futura, com um tipo de investigação experimental ou quase-experimental.

ABSTRACT Plyometry is a training method designed to reproduce fast explosive and powerful movements, it improves strength and speed in different muscle planes, which is why it is usually very useful to improve certain physical skills in sports such as soccer. The objective of this research is to theoretically validate, through consultation with specialists, a group of plyometric strength-reactive exercises for U-14 soccer players. This is a qualitative and correlational descriptive-explanatory research. Twenty-one soccer specialists classified into two independent groups were surveyed, theoretically validating the scope and limitations of a plyometric exercises proposal for lower limbs adapted to U-14 soccer players. The averages that describe the scores achieved were higher in the post-test, with significant differences when evaluating each group studied (Group 1: "I" r=0.004, "A" r=0.005, "P" r=0.003, " V "r=0.003 and" EP "r=0.003; Group 2:" I "r=0.002," A"r=0.003," P "r=0.001," V "r=0.003 and" EP "r=0.002), there is not significant differences when comparing the results between each independent group as part of the pretest "I" (p = 0.973), "A" (p = 0.756), "P" (p = 0.426), "V" (p = 1.000) and "EP" (p = 0.468), and as part of the post-test "I" (p = 0.223), "A" (p = 0.973), "P" (p = 0.173), "V" (p = 0.918) and "EP" (p = 0.918). With this work, the intervention proposal is theoretically improved, concerning 25 plyometric exercises applied to lower limbs of U-14 soccer players, in addition, five analysis indicators are taken into account. It is recommended to carry out a practical validation that focuses future research, with a type of experimental or quasi-experimental research.

Effect of Mutouhui Extracts on Hemorheology of U14 Cervical Cancer Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the influence of Mutouhui extracts on hemorheology of U14 cervical cancer mice.Methods The U14 cervical cancer mice were divided into Mutouhui extracts high,middle and low dose group,Cisplatin Injection group,model group and blank comparing group.The influence on hemorheology change was observed after being given the medicine.Results The high,middle dose group of Mutouhui extracts and Cisplatin injection group could reduce the blood viscosity of U14 cervical cancer mouse in different shear,and hemotcrit of the low did not obviously change,groups of Mutouhui extracts plasma viscosity changed slightly.Cisplatin Injection group could reduce the blood viscosity,but did not obviously affect to the plasma viscosity.Conclusion Mutouhui extracts can reduce the U14 cervical cancer mouse blood viscosity,and improve the indexes of hemorheology.

Effects of anti-tumor and immune regulation of several human lactobacillus in mouse / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate three strains of vaginal Lactobacillus for their regulative effects on macrophage and murine uterocervical carcinoma number 14(U14).Methods Mice were transplanted with U14,then ramdomly divided them into 5 groups.Model group and DDP group respectively were regarded as nagative and positive comparison;Lactobacillus groups were injected with 1010 each with Lactobacillus into peritoneum for 10 days successively.The TNF-? and NO content secreted by KM mice and the inhibitory rate of U14 cells were detected.Results The production of TNF-? and NO secreted by the peritoneal macrophages activated by Lactobacillus was greatly increased.The three strains of Lactobacillus all had significantly antitumor effects on KM mice bearing U14.Conclusion Lactobacillus showed a marked inhibition effects on the U14 cells and can activate macrophages to produce TNF-?and NO which may be involved in the antitumor mechanism.

Effect and mechanism of nitrary flavone on Hep,U_(14) tumor of mice / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of n itrary flavone in Hep and U 14 tumor. METHODS The Hep or U 14 tumor cells were injected in the armpit subcutaneous layer of right foreleg of BALB/c strain mice. After 24 h,nitrary flavone at a does of 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 body weight or combine nitrary flavone with 5-Fu(100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 body weight)was given (ip) and inhibitory rate of nitrary flavone for transplanted tumor and the immune function of mice were determined. RESULTS Administration of nitrary flavone to mice for 10 consecutive days exhibited significantly the inhibitory rate for Hep and U 14 by 34 11%,32 14% and 50 73%,47 22%,respectively, as well as the weight of immune organs of mice, formation value of serolysin and phagociytic index were significantly enhanced(P

Inhibitory effect and induction of apoptosis of caffeic acid Ge on growth of U14 in mice / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To evaluate the antitumor effect of caffeic acid Ge on U14 tumor bearing mice.METHODS:The tumor inhibitory ratios of caffeic acid Ge on the growth of U14 in mice was observed.Apoptosis morphological transformation of U14 cells induced by caffeic acid Ge was detected by electronic scan microscope and MG-P staining.Alteration of cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Apoptosis-related protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were determined by immunity histochemistry technology.MTT assay was applied to study the antitumor activities of caffeic acid Ge in U14 cell lines in vitro.RESULTS:Tumor inhibitory rates in caffeic-acid Ge groups were 38.50%,47.17% and 64.02%(from low dose to high dose)(P

Cytotoxicity of effector cells targeting tumor cells mediated by monoclonal antibody AU_(14-1) against experimental uterine cervical carcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effect of monoclonal antibody(McAb) AU_(14-1) mediated cytotoxicity against cervical cancer U_(14) cell in vitro.METHODS: MTT colorimetric assay was applied to study the McAb AU_(14-1) mediated cytotoxicity of effector cells including splenocytes,peritoneal macrophages and LAK to U_(14) cells.RESULTS: The cytotoxicity mediated by each effector cells to the U_(14) cells treated with McAb AU_(14-1) was significantly higher than those not treated with it(P

Antitumor effect of melatonin on U_(14) / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study antitumor activity of melatonin in mice and its synergetic effects when MT combined with chemotherapeutic agents cytoxan(CTX). METHODS At a tolerable dose level,MT was administrated singlely or in combination with CTX to treat the transplanted murine solid tumor U 14 . The inhibition of tumor weight were observed. The weight of spleen and the hepatic cells' structure were also be measured. RESULTS The high dosed group of MT(80 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,sc) had a certain inhibition on the growth of the U 14 with inhibition rate of 27 1%. The low dosed group of MT(40 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 , sc) and the high dosed one combined with the CTX (25 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ?1,ip) showed much pronounced than that of solely administration of MT. There was no significant influnce on the weight of spleen and the hepatic cells' structure. CONCLUSIONS The antitumor effect was observed by independent administration of MT. There was a synergism when MT combined with CTX but their toxicities were not obviously enhanced.