Solidão e Depressão: Relações com Características Pessoais e Hábitos de Vida em Universitários / Loneliness and Depression: Relations with Personal Characteristics and Life Habits in University Students

RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a solidão e a depressão em universitários, verificando sua relação com hábitos, características do curso e suporte social. Participaram 574 universitários. Utilizou-se a Escala de Solidão UCLA-BR, Escala de Suporte Social, Questionário sobre a Saúde do Paciente e questionário complementar. Houve triagem para depressão em 38,7% dos estudantes e 53% sentia solidão mínima. A maioria dos estudantes fazia quatro ou mais refeições, dormia entre 6 e 8 horas, considerava ter amigos e lazer. Não fumavam, mas bebiam. Houve correlação entre solidão e depressão (rho = 0,42) e dessas condições com hábitos dos universitários, área do curso e suporte social. Conclui-se que o estado emocional de universitários avaliados é preocupante e intervenções são necessárias.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated loneliness and depression of college students to verify its relationship with their habits, course characteristics, and social support. It was used the UCLA-BR Loneliness Scale, Social Support Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and a complementary questionnaire to evaluate 574 students. Depression was screened in 38.7% of the students, and 53% of them showed minimal loneliness. Most students had four or more daily meals, slept 6 to 8 hours, considered having friends and leisure, did not smoke, but usually drank. There was a correlation between loneliness and depression (rho = 0.42) and of these with the students' habits, course area, and social support. It was concluded that the emotional state of the students is worrying and that interventions are necessary.

RAM study on general standard of maximum residue limits for pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia formula / 中国中药杂志

The excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine seriously endanger human health and the sustainable development of Chinese medicine industry. In order to improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and establish a general standard for maximum residue limits(MRL) of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces, and to ensure the safety of clinical medication from its origin, MRLs were calculated based on the formula(MRL=A×W/100M) from Chinese Pharmacopeia, comparing it with the current Chinese and international standards as well as literature review, the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method(RAM) was applied to determine the categories and MRLs of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces. Two questionnaires were drafted for expert panel and appropriateness analysis was carried out with the 9-point Likert scale to determine the general standard for MRLs of pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces. The results showed that a total of nine experts from different fields scored the necessity of standard-setting and 206 pesticide residue limits respectively. The appropriateness scores of 206 pesticides were greater than 7, and appropriateness rate was 100%, which signifies that the expert panel has reached consensus. In summary, based on the RAM, the general standard for maximum residue limits of pesticides in pollution-free Chinese medicines and decoction pieces has reached an expert consensus. Comparing with the MRLs of medicinal plants and plant-sourced food from CAC, Europe Union, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, 206 MRLs from this general standard share 88.8% in common, 4.4% of which is higher and 6.8% lower than those international standards. This has provided a basis for standardizing the use of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine.

Validity and reliability of the Chinese Version of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for DSM-Ⅳ (Revision 1, Children version) / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To test the validity and reliability of the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for DSM-Ⅳ (Revision 1,Children version) (UCLA PTSD-RI) in Chinese Children after flood.Methods:On the principle of convenient sampling,the students were chosen from 6 schools in Liaoning Province where was hit by flood.Totally 1593 students [aged 8-16 years,average (11 ± 2) years of age]completed the UCLA PTSD-RI.They were randomly divided into two groups for exploratory factor analysis (n =796) and confirmatory factor analysis (n =797) respectively.The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale(DASS-21) were used to evaluate the criterion validity.Results:The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated UCLA PTSD-RI consisted of 3 factors,accounting for 50％ of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis identified that a three-factor model fit well (x2/df=3.87,GFI =0.93,RFI =0.96,CFI =097,NNFI =0.97,IFI =0.97,RM-SEA =0.06).The scores of UCLA PTSD-RI subscales were positively correlated with the scores of DASS-21 subscales (r =0.52-0.70,Ps ＜ 0.001).The Cronbach's a coefficient and the split-half reliability coefficient of UCLA PTSD-RI were 0.90 and 0.87,respectively.Conclusion:The Chinese Version of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-Ⅳ (Revision 1,Children version) could be an effective instrument for assessing and diagnosing PTSD of Chinese children after disasters.

Investigation and reflection on UCLA medical education in the United States / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Taking the medical education of UCLA Medical School as an example, this paper com-pares the differences of medical education between Chinese and the United States medical schools . US medical education features students from undergraduate students, the organ system-oriented curriculum, diversified teaching methods with emphasis on the PBL one and diversified academic assessment, under-graduate-based teachers' allocation and training objectives for excellent clinical physicians. From the expe-rience of American medical education, our country should focus on optimizing the teaching system, updat-ing the teaching ideas, diversifying the teaching methods, promoting students' initiative, strengthening clinical probation, strengthening students' clinical skills, improving the construction of teaching facilities and network, and enhancing the humanistic quality education and the overall quality of teachers.

Observations on the Efficacy of Shoulder-three-points Warm Needling Moxibustion plus Conventional Rehabilitation in Recovery from Rotator Cuff Repair / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of shoulder-three-points warm needling moxibustion plus conventional rehabilitation in recovery from arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Method Seventy patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for rotator cuff injury were enrolled and randomly allocated to groups A and B, 35 cases each. Group A received conventional rehabilitation and group B, shoulder-three-points warm needling moxibustion in addition. Functional activity and pain in the affected shoulder were scored using the American Shoulder Elbow Scale (ASES), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale and the Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome Score in the two groups before and after treatment.Result There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the ASES, UCLA and Constant-Murley scores in the two groups (P0.05) and a significant difference in the UCLA pain subscore (P<0.01) between groups A and B. Conclusion shoulder-three-points warm needling moxibustion plus conventional rehabilitation training can markedly promote postoperative rehabilitation and especially relieve postoperative pain in patients with rotator cuff injury. It provides a new idea for clinical shoulder rehabilitation in the future.

Evaluation of stability of interface between CCM (Co-Cr-Mo) UCLA abutment and external hex implant

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stability of interface between Co-Cr-Mo (CCM) UCLA abutment and external hex implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen external hex implant fixtures were assigned to two groups (CCM and Gold group) and were embedded in molds using clear acrylic resin. Screw-retained prostheses were constructed using CCM UCLA abutment and Gold UCLA abutment. The external implant fixture and screw-retained prostheses were connected using abutment screws. After the abutments were tightened to 30 Ncm torque, 5 kg thermocyclic functional loading was applied by chewing simulator. A target of 1.0 × 10⁶ cycles was applied. After cyclic loading, removal torque values were recorded using a driving torque tester, and the interface between implant fixture and abutment was evaluated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The means and standard deviations (SD) between the CCM and Gold groups were analyzed with independent t-test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Fractures of crowns, abutments, abutment screws, and fixtures and loosening of abutment screws were not observed after thermocyclic loading. There were no statistically significant differences at the recorded removal torque values between CCM and Gold groups (P>.05). SEM analysis revealed that remarkable wear patterns were observed at the abutment interface only for Gold UCLA abutments. Those patterns were not observed for other specimens. CONCLUSION: Within the limit of this study, CCM UCLA abutment has no statistically significant difference in the stability of interface with external hex implant, compared with Gold UCLA abutment.

Influencing Factors of Aloneness among Middle-aged and Elderly / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To understand the current status of aloneness and analyze the influencing factors,and to provide reference to improve the aloneness among middle?aged and elderly. Methods A total of 994 middle?aged and elderly in Donggang sampled by stratified random sampling method were investigated by UCLA scale. The influencing factors were assessed by t?test and one?way ANOVA. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Results The average score of UCLA scale among middle?aged and elderly was 41.54 ± 8.91. The results indicated whether living with their children,alcohol drinking,quality of sleep,history of trauma,psychological counseling,monthly income,chronic disease and physical training were the influencing factors of aloneness among middle?aged and elderly,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The aloneness was obvious among middle?aged and elderly in China. Health interventions and effective social support should be provided to improve the physiological,psychological and economic levels that will lead to important influence on the improvement of aloneness among middle?aged and elder?ly in China.

A comparative study of gold UCLA-type and CAD/CAM titanium implant abutments

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interface accuracy of computer-assisted designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) titanium abutments and implant fixture compared to gold-cast UCLA abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An external connection implant system (Mark III, n=10) and an internal connection implant system (Replace Select, n=10) were used, 5 of each group were connected to milled titanium abutment and the rest were connected to the gold-cast UCLA abutments. The implant fixture and abutment were tightened to torque of 35 Ncm using a digital torque gauge, and initial detorque values were measured 10 minutes after tightening. To mimic the mastication, a cyclic loading was applied at 14 Hz for one million cycles, with the stress amplitude range being within 0 N to 100 N. After the cyclic loading, detorque values were measured again. The fixture-abutment gaps were measured under a microscope and recorded with an accuracy of +/-0.1 microm at 50 points. RESULTS: Initial detorque values of milled abutment were significantly higher than those of cast abutment (P.05). After cyclic loading, detorque values of cast abutment increased, but those of milled abutment decreased (P<.05). There was no significant difference of gap dimension between the milled abutment group and the cast abutment group after cyclic loading. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CAD/CAM milled titanium abutment can be fabricated with sufficient accuracy to permit screw joint stability between abutment and fixture comparable to that of the traditional gold cast UCLA abutment.

Effect of various casting alloys and abutment composition on the marginal accuracy of bar-type retainer / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The object of this study was to determine if the low-priced alloy and metal UCLA abutment could be available for manufacturing bar-retained framework of implant prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bar structure was classified into 4 groups, The specimen of group 1 and 2 were based on casting high noble metal alloys and noble metal alloys with gold UCLA abutment. The specimen of group 3 and 4 were based on casting noble metal alloys and base metal alloys with metal UCLA abutment. Cast bar structure was installed in an acrylic resin model and only the screw on the hexed abutment side was tightened to 20 Ncm. On the opposite side, vertical discrepancy was measured with stereo microscope from front, back, and lateral side of the implant-abutment interface. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the marginal fit discrepancy. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed significant differences among all groups (P<.05) except for Group 1 and 3. Among them, difference between Group 1 and 2 was noticeable. Measured vertical discrepancies were all below 70 microm except to Group 2. CONCLUSION: Base metal alloy and metal UCLA abutment could be used as an alternative to high-priced gold alloy for implant bar-retained framework.

Effect of various abutment systems on the removal torque and the abutment settling in the conical connection implant systems / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different abutment materials on abutment screw loosening and settling-down effect in conical connection type implant system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of abutment, cementation, gold UCLA, and metal UCLA abutment were used. Two UCLA groups were fabricated in a similar pattern to cementation abutment. Type III gold alloy and Nickel-Chromium alloy was used for casting gold UCLA abutment and metal UCLA abutment, respectively. Fixture and abutment were tightened to 30 Ncm by using digital torque controller and re-tightening was conducted with same force after 10 minutes. Digital torque gauge was used to measure loosening torque and fixture/abutment length was measured by digital micrometer. Dynamic loads between 25 N and 250 N were applied with 0degreesangle to the abutment axis. After loading, fixture/abutment length was re-measured and amount of settlement was calculated. Loosening torque value was also measured for comparison. RESULTS: All three groups showed significant differences of length when comparing before and after loading, but there was no significant difference of settling amount in all groups. Loosening torque values were significantly decreased when comparing before and after loading in all groups(P<.05). However, there was no significant difference in loss of loosening torque values when compared to groups. CONCLUSION: In internal conical connection type implants, dynamic load affected on settlement and loosening torque of implant, but there was no differences between abutments materials. Likewise gold UCLA abutment, metal UCLA abutment might be able to withstand functional load.

Effect of casting procedure on screw loosening of UCLA abutment in two implant-abutment connection systems / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The cast abutment has advantages of overcoming angulation problem and esthetic problem. However, when a gold-machined UCLA abutment undergoes casting, the abutment surfaces in contact with the implant may change. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the detorque values of prefabricated machined abutments with gold-premachined cast-on UCLA abutments before and after casting in two types of internal implant-abutment connection systems: (1) internal hexagonal joint, (2) internal octagonal joint. Furthermore, the detorque values of two implant-abutment connection systems were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty internal hexagonal implants with an 11-degree taper and twenty internal octagonal implants with an 8-degree taper were acquired. Ten prefabricated titanium abutments and ten gold-premachined UCLA abutments were used for each systems. Each abutment was torqued to 30 Ncm according to the manufacturer's instructions and detorque value was recorded. The detorque values were measured once more, after casting with gold alloy for UCLA abutment, and preparation for titanium abutments. Group means were calculated and compared using independent t-test and paired t-test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1. The detorque values between titanium abutments and UCLA-type abutments showed significant differences in internal octagonal implants (P0.05). 2. In comparison of internal hexagonal and octagonal implants, the detorque values of titanium abutments had significant differences between two connection systems on the initial analysis (P0.05) and the detorque values of UCLA-type abutments were not significantly different between two connection systems (P>0.05). 3. The detorque values of titanium abutments and UCLA-type abutments decreased significantly on the second analysis than the initial analysis in internal hexagonal implants (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Casting procedures of UCLA-type abutments had no significant effect on screw loosening in internal implant-abutment connection systems, and UCLA-type abutments showed higher detorque values than titanium abutments in internal octagonal implants.

Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: The authors analyzed clinical features, long-term treatment outcome, and prognostic factors of the olfactory neuroblastoma. METHODS: Twenty-one cases of olfactory neuroblastomas, treated from 1979 to 2000, were retrospectively reviewed with medical records and radiological findings. Mean follow-up periods are 28.7 months(range 4-178). Extent of tumor was classified by UCLA staging system. Statistical analysis for survival was done using Kaplan Meier method and log-lank test. RESULTS: Mean age was 27 years(13-62), and most common group are second decades(8/21, 38%). Male to female ratio was 13: 8. Common symptoms are nasal obstruction, epistaxis, exopthalmos and headache. There were three cases of T1, five T2, six T3, and seven T4 according to UCLA staging system. The 5-year survival rate was 21.3% and average time was 28.9 months in surgical resection group(n=14) as primary modality have higher survival rate than radiation and chemotherapy group(n=7)[2-year survival rate: 39.2% vs 14.3%, 5-year survival rate: 19.6% vs 14.3%(p=0.0274)]. Early stage(T1, T2) groups showed better survival rate than advanced(T3, T4) groups(38.1% vs 9.1% p=0.0336). The local and regional recurrences were observed in 6(27%) and 2(9%) cases. Mean recurrence free time was 7.8 months(range 1-25). CONCLUSION: Early detection and extent of resection are the important prognostic factors. Regular follow up is mandatary for the detection of recurrence or metastasis.