ABSTRACT
Background: Hypoxia episodes have been observed in association with endoscopy and various studies have been performed to identify the risk factors .The effect of smoking, deoxygenation during endoscopy and duration of procedure have been studied. With the advent of pulse oximetry, it is possible to obtain an accurate measurement of hemoglobin oxygen desaturation. There are many reports concerning arterial oxygenation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with sedation, little information is available concerning oxygenation in non-sedated endoscopies. The results of this study have extensive relevance because of increasing incidence of tobacco users, smokers and sedations during upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.Methods : This study including 300 patients was carried out from July 2014 to September 2016 in gastroenterology clinic of medicine department at a large teaching hospital in Western Maharashtra. 250 patients underwent diagnostic procedures and 50 underwent therapeutic procedures.Result: A significant correlation was found between oxygen desaturation and patients above 60 years of age (P< 0.01)in our study. There were 40.67% non-smoker patients with hypoxia and 21.33% non-smoker patients without hypoxia. In this study, 92 patients underwent UGI endoscopy for a duration of less than 5 minutes out of which only 24 (26.08 %) developed O2 desaturation.Conclusion: It was concluded from the study patients with age >60 years, severe anaemia, presence of ascites, patients showing adverse events during the endoscopy procedure can be considered at the risk for developing oxygen desaturation during nonsedated UGI endoscopy.
ABSTRACT
It has been well known that variable complications oecur in multiple organs in chronic renal failure patients. Of them gastrointestinal complications are also variable including nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatitis, pancreatitis, telangiectasia, angiody- splasia etc. Of such complications the incidence of peptic ulcer had been known to be high, but after endoscopic study, the incidence of nonulcer mueosal lesion has been more common. So we evaluated tbe upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesion in chronic renal failure patients by endoscopic examination. 129 subjects(mean age, 42 years, creatinine clearance ratio<10 ml/min) participated in this study. After overnight fasting the subjects were premedicated with simethicon and benoxinate. The mucosal lesion was diagnosed by two endoscopists with observing the TV monitor of electronic endoscope Fujinon EVG-FP. Of the 129 patients, 78 patients(76%) were revealed to abnormal endoscopic finding. Of the abnormal findings, the incidence of gastritis was most common in 34.9%, and then gastic erosion, duodenal erosion, gastric petechiae, gastric telangiectasia, duodenitis, gastric ulcer, gastric xanthoma, esophageal erosion, duodenal ulcer, esophageal uicer in orders. There was no difference in abnormal finding according to therapeutic type. From our study, we conclude that the incidence of nonulcer mucosal lesion is higher than ulcer disease in chronic renal failure patient, moreover those lesion can be diagnosed only by endoseopy. So we think that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is necessory for evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract in chronic renal failure patient.