Countermeasures of adverse reactions to blood donation in low-weight blood donors for the MCS+ blood cell separator UPP procedure / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to blood donation during platelet collection in female blood donors with low body weight and high platelet count, so as to improve the comfortableness during platelet collection and increase the proportion of repeated blood donors. 【Methods】 The control group and observation group were compared to explore the causes that may cause adverse reactions in the blood collection cycle using blood collection process program software in MCS+, and the incidence of blood donation reaction was compared and observed by increasing the times of oral administrations of calcium gluconate by 10%, increasing the number of collection cycles and reducing the peak plasma volume of the last cycle. 【Results】 After comparing the two groups, it was found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 16.7%(3/18) and 81.2%(26/32), the proportion of repeated donors in the observation group and the control group was 77.7%(14/18) and 31.2%(10/32). 【Conclusion】 Female platelet donors with low body weight and high platelet count should be given more care during the collection process. It is suggested that giving more times of oral administrations of calcium gluconate by 10% and one more collection cycle to reduce the collection peak in each cycle, as well as the supplement of saline, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to blood donation, thus improving blood donation satisfaction and increasing the proportion of repeated blood donors.

Proteolysis Pathways via FoxO1 Reduce the Diameter of Myotube under Hypoxia Exposure / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The high altitude/hypoxic environment induced skeletal muscle atrophy is considered to be the interaction of multi-system and multi-organ, but the direct mechanism of hypoxia on muscle cells in this process is not clear. This study intended to investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on proteins in ubiquitin and autophagy pathways, and explored the possible mechanism of hypoxia induced change of myotube diameter. The expression of myosin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α), forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and ubiquitin protease pathway (MuRF1 and Atrogin1) and autophagy lysosomal pathway (p62, Beclin1, LC3) related proteins were detected by Western blot; The integrated optical density (IOD) of Myosin and LC3 was detected by IF. The results showed that the diameters of myotube at 6 h and 12 h were significantly reduced, and the expression of myosin was significantly reduced at 6 h after hypoxia exposure (P<0. 05); the protein levels of HIF-1α and FoxO1 were significantly increased at 6 h (P<0. 05); The expression of MuRF1 in each time points of hypoxia was significantly higher than 0 h (P<0. 05), but no difference of Atrogin1 expression was detected; Compared with 0 h, the expression of p62 was reduced significantly in response to hypoxia. The protein expression of Beclin1 and the IOD of LC3 was increased significantly at 6 h, and the LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio was significantly higher at 6 h, but significantly lower at 12 h and 24 h (P<0. 05).The results above indicated that the reduction of the myotube diameter of L6 skeletal muscle cells was induced by hypoxia exposure (1% O

Validez de las Escalas de Braden y EVARUCI en Pacientes Hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / The validity of the Braden and EVARUCI Scales in Hospitalized Patients in an Intensive Care Unit

Resumen Con el fin de establecer diferencias entre las escalas de valoración de riesgo de desarrollo de ulceras por presión (Braden y EVARUCI) en pacientes críticos, como los que se encuentran hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidado intensivo. Se realizó la validez de ambas escalas determinando la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos. Para el estudio se seleccionaron consecutivamente pacientes mayores de edad, sin ulceras por presión en cualquier estadio, que ingresaron para ser hospitalizados con diagnóstico de cualquier patología. Se determinó que no hubo una verdadera diferencia entre la sensibilidad de ambas escalas, que la especificidad de la escala de EVARUCI fue mayor al igual que el valor predictivo positivo y no se evidenció diferencias significativas en el valor predictivo negativo. Se pudo concluir que la escala de EVARUCI es un instrumento predictor valido para la detección del riesgo de desarrollo de UPP ya que además valora aspectos, como nivel de consciencia, estado hemodinámico, soporte de oxígeno, movilidad, temperatura, saturación, entre otros.

Abstract With the final purpose to establish difference between the titration scales of risk development pressure ulcers (Braden y EVARUCI) in critical patients, as those who are hospitalized in intensive care units. The validity of both scales was performed to determining the sensibility, the specificity and predictive values. For the study were selected consecutively patients of legal age, without pressure ulcers at any stage, who were admitted to be hospitalized with the diagnostic of any pathology. It was determined that there was not real difference between sensibility of both scales, that specificity of the scale of EVARUCI was higher like the positive predictive and evidence no significant differences in the negative predictive value. It was concluded that the scale of EVARUCI is the valid predictive instrument for the detection of the risk development for pressure ulcers, as besides valued aspects, like the level of consciousness, hemodynamic status, oxygen support, movility, tempeture, saturation, among others.

"Ruim com ela, pior sem ela": o desejo de continuidade das UPPs para além das Olimpíadas / "Malo con ella, peor sin ella": el deseo de continuidad de las UPPs más allá de las Olimpiadas / "Bad with it, worse without it": the will for continuity of the UPPs (pacifying police units) beyond the Olympics

Resumo Neste trabalho utilizamos a literatura de avaliação de projetos de policiamento comunitário e modelos de regressão logística para identificar quais variáveis explicam o desejo de continuidade das UPPs após as Olimpíadas. Neste sentido, apresentamos a análise de um survey domiciliar e probabilístico realizado com 2 mil residentes. Na primeira rodada, aplicamos o survey em 10 favelas que receberam UPPs na fase inicial de implementação do programa e, na rodada seguinte, em outras 10 favelas quando o processo de "pacificação" já indicava sinais de crise. Os resultados indicam que jovens pretos e pardos apresentam elevado grau de rechaço a essa modalidade de policiamento e, por outro lado, que a capacidade da polícia em reconstruir a legitimidade de sua ação nas comunidades faz com que os indivíduos endossem a continuidade da UPP, desejando-a para além do projeto de cidade olímpica.

Resumen En este trabajo utilizamos la literatura de evaluación de proyectos de policiamiento comunitario y modelos de regresión logística para identificar qué variables explican el deseo de continuidad de las UPPs después de las Olimpiadas. En este sentido, presentamos el análisis de un survey domiciliar y probabilístico realizado con 2 mil residentes. En la primera ronda, aplicamos el survey en 10 favelas que recibieron UPPs en la fase inicial de implementación del programa y, en la ronda siguiente, en otras 10 favelas cuando el proceso de "pacificación" ya indicaba signos de crisis. Los resultados indican que jóvenes negros y pardos presentan un alto grado de rechazo a esta modalidad de policía y, por otro lado, que la capacidad de la policía para reconstruir la legitimidad de su acción en las comunidades hace que los individuos endosen la continuidad de la UPP, deseando más allá del proyecto de ciudad olímpica.

Abstract This article uses the literature on community policing projects and logistic regression models to identify which variables explain the wish for the UPPs (pacifying police units) continuity after the Olympics. Analysis of a household and probabilistic survey carried out with 2,000 residents was conducted. In the first round, the survey was applied to 10 favelas that received UPPs in the initial phase of the program's implementation and, in the next round, in another 10 favelas when the "pacification" process already indicated signs of crisis. The results indicate that young black and pardo individuals present a high degree of rejection to this mode of policing and that the police's ability to rebuild the legitimacy of their actions in the communities causes individuals to endorse the continuity of UPPs, and the Olympic city project.

Estudio de prevalencia de lesiones por presión en un Hospital Universitario, Bogotá-Colombia / Study of prevalence of pressure ulcers in a University Hospital, Bogota-Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las LPP (Lesiones por presión) en pacientes hospitalizados, entre septiembre y noviembre del año 2016, en un Hospital Universitario de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia de periodo que utilizó como instrumento una encuesta elaborada a partir de las directrices del Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento de Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas GNEAUPP 2003. Los datos recolectados se obtuvieron a partir de las historias clínicas, valoración de enfermería y preguntas directas. Resultados: Se encontraron 40 pacientes con LPP en 282 camas, para una prevalencia de un 14.1 %; predomina el sexo masculino con un 67.5 %; las edades oscilan entre los 75 y 85 años. El 40 % estaba hospitalizado en medicina interna, la mayoría pertenecía al régimen subsidiado en un 87.5 %. La etiología de la lesión fue de 92.5 % por presión y de un 47.5 % por humedad, clasifi cadas en fases 1 y 2 el 30 %. Se encontraron pacientes con más de dos LPP en un 30 %, la localización más común fue el talón con un 30 %. Se acentúa el desconocimiento sobre el uso de los Ácidos Grasos Hiperoxigenados en las superfi cies especiales para el manejo de la presión. Conclusión: Como resultado se observa que el estudio es similar a otros realizados en el país. Igualmente, se percibe que datos como las características de las LPP, su etiología y las medidas de prevención utilizados en la institución, son la base para el análisis general del fenómeno, ya que permite conocer el comportamiento de las LPP en el contexto nacional. Así mismo, se constituyen en insumos que contribuyen a construir un plan de cuidado integral así como su implementación, a partir de medidas educativas que sensibilicen al equipo de salud sobre la atención segura del paciente.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients, between September and November of 2016, in a University Hospital of Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study over a period of time, that used as an instrument a survey elaborated from the guidelines of the National Study and Assessment Group of Pressure Ulcers and Chronic Injuries GNEAUPP 2003. The collected data was obtained from medical records, nursing assessment and direct questions. Results: 40 patients with pressure ulcers were found in 282 beds, for a prevalence of 14.1%; the male sex is predominant with 67.5%; the ages range between 75 and 85 years old. 40% of the patients were hospitalized in internal medicine, the greatest proportion belonging to the subsidized regime (87.5%). The etiology of the injury was of 92% for pressure and 47.5% for humidity, with 30% classified in phases 1 and 2. 30% of the patients had more than two pressure ulcers, the most common location was the heel (30%). It is emphasized that there is a lack of knowledge about the use of hyper oxygenated fatty acids in special surfaces for the treatment of the pressure. Conclusion: it is observed that the study is similar to other studies performed in the country. Also, it is perceived that data such as the characteristics of pressure ulcers, its etiology and the measures of prevention used in the institution, are the base for the general analysis of the phenomenon, since it allows to understand the behavior of the pressure ulcers in a national context. Similarly, these become a key factor that contribute to build a plan of comprehensive care as well as its implementation through educative measures that sensitize the health team about the safe care of the patient.

Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora: suas representações sociais no morro e no asfalto / Police Pacification Unit: its social representations on the hill and at the asphalt / Unidad de Policía Pacificadora: sus representaciones sociales en el cerro y en el asfalto

Este estudo analisou representações sociais construídas por moradores de um bairro do Rio de Janeiro e das comunidades lá situadas, acerca das modificações associadas à instalação de uma Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora. A amostra foi composta por 200 participantes, sendo 100 da parte plana do bairro e 100 das comunidades localizadas no morro. O instrumento utilizado envolveu: dados sociodemográficos; tarefa de evocação livre de palavras ao termo indutor "UPP"; questões referentes a mudanças devidas à implantação do projeto e expectativas quanto ao seu futuro. Os resultados sugerem que os dois conjuntos de elementos cognitivos levantados constituem uma única representação, visto que as diferenças no nível central de suas estruturas são mínimas. Apresentam caráter predominantemente positivo, tendo em comum os elementos "segurança", "paz" e "tranquilidade", de natureza normativa, e o elemento "melhoria", de natureza funcional, característico apenas do núcleo central da representação do Morro.

This study analyzed the social representations constucted by residents of a Rio de Janeiro´s neighborhood and the communities situated there, about the changes associated with the installation of a Police Pacification Unit. The sample was consisted by 200 participants, 100 of the flat part of the neighborhood, 100 of the communities located on the hill. The instrument involved: sociodemographic data; a task of free evocations words at the inductive term "UPP"; questions about changes related to the implementation of the project and expectations about its future. Results suggest that the two groups of raised cognitive elements constitute a unique representation, because the differences in central level of their structures are minimal. Presents a positive character, having in common the elements "security", "peace" and "tranquility", with normative nature, and the element "improvement", with functional nature, which is characteristic only of the central level of the representation of the hill.

Esta investigación analizó las representaciones sociales elaboradas por habitantes de un barrio de Río de Janeiro y de las comunidades localizadas en ese barrio, sobre las modificaciones asociadas a la instalación de una Unidad de Policía Pacificadora. La amuestra fue compuesta por 200 participantes, 100 de la parte plana del barrio y 100 de las comunidades localizadas en el cerro. El instrumento utilizado contiene: datos socio-demográficos, evocación libre de palabras del término inductor "UPP", cuestiones sobre los cambios relacionados a la implementación y expectativas sobre el futuro del proyecto. Los resultados sugieren que los dos conjuntos de elementos cognitivos investigados constituyen una única representación, siendo que diferencias en el nivel central de sus estructuras son mínimas. Gozan de un carácter positivo, teniendo en común los elementos "seguridad", "paz" y "tranquilidad", de naturaleza normativa; y el elemento "mejoría", de naturaleza funcional, encontrado en el núcleo central de la representación del cerro.

Representações sociais e práticas em escolas do ensino fundamental: efeitos de unidades de polícia pacificadora (UPP) no Rio de Janeiro / Social representations and practices in elementary schools: effects of police pacification unit (UPP) in Rio de Janeiro

O objetivo do estudo é refletir sobre relações entre representações sociais e práticas com base em um estudo sobre representações de Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP) elaboradas por professores do Ensino Fundamental no Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com 30 docentes de três escolas, 10 em cada escola, respectivamente Escola 1, Escola 2 e Escola 3. A análise apoiou-se na análise de conteúdo temática. Para os professores da Escola 1, uma unidade da UPP em frente ao portão principal provocou melhora nas práticas desenvolvidas na escola. A representação social desse objeto social, presente em interações e práticas cotidianas, objetivou-se no termo "segurança". Na Escola 2, com favelas próximas e sem UPP, os docentes não formaram representação social desse objeto, ausente de suas práticas. Com desconfiança da UPP, o "Estado" é o maior criticado, destaque no discurso desse grupo. Quanto aos professores da Escola 3, situada em bairro tradicional do Rio, sem favelas e sem UPP, esse objeto também não está nas práticas cotidianas, não havendo representação social. Um tipo de "segurança ideal", mais no plano da expectativa que da concretização, coordena o discurso desse grupo. As diferenças nos resultados entre os três grupos mostram que a presença da UPP nas práticas escolares, assim como das práticas na elaboração de representações sociais sobre esse objeto, está associada ao contexto de interação entre a UPP e os sujeitos. Se os campos de prática e de interações são diferentes, o campo representacional tende a ser diferente também. (AU)

The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the relation between social representations and practices based on a study on representations of Police Pacification Units ( UPP, in Brazilian Portuguese) done by Middle School teachers in Rio de Janeiro. Thirty teachers from three schools (10 from each school respectively School 1, School 2, School 3) had taken part in a semi-guided interview. The analysis has been backed up by thematic content analysis. According to the teachers in School 1, a UPP unit across from the main gate of the school has improved the practices at school. The social representation of this social medium, present in daily practices and interactions, turned out as "security". In School 2, which is surrounded by slums and without UPPS, the teachers did not constitute any social representation of this medium, missing its practices. With scepticism over UPPS, the Government is the one to be criticized, pointed out in those groups speech. Regarding School 3, placed in a traditional neighborhood in Rio, without slums or UPPS, that medium is not among in daily practices either, therefore, there is not social representation. Some kind of " ideal safety", more in terms of expectations than in terms of accomplishment, which coordinates this group's speech. The differences in the results among the three groups show that the presence of UPPS in school practices as well as the practices in the construction of social representation over that medium are associated to the context of the interaction between the UPPS and the individual. If the practice field and the interaction field are different, the representation field tends to be different as well. (AU)

Biopoder e UPPs: alteridade na experiência do policiamento permanente em comunidades cariocas / Biopower and UPPs: altherity in the experience of permanent policing in communities in Rio de Janeiro

O artigo visa refletir sobre a experiência do efetivo policial permanente em dois conjuntos de comunidades cariocas, inserido no escopo das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP). Foram realizados dois estudos exploratórios, em agosto e dezembro de 2010. Na esteira do conceito foucaultiano de biopoder, discute-se a UPP como rede de relações de poder que a compõe e a legitima, pensando-se o local em que se instala, a política de Estado a que responde, os atores com que opera e as produções históricas das relações entre Estado e territórios populares. O campo de análise constitui-se, assim, nas práticas e saberes localizados no cotidiano e nos efeitos produzidos com a presença do policial na paisagem da favela. Se novas regras são trazidas com as UPPs, novas identificações são mobilizadas e as modulações de conjunto abrem lacunas, o governo de si não se produz sozinho, mas combina-se com diversidades na gestão da vida.

The article aims to reflect on the experience of police standing on two sets of communities in Rio, included in the context of Pacification Police Units (UPP). Two exploratory studies were conducted in August and December 2010. In Foucault concept of biopower, we discuss the UPP as a network of power relations that compose it legitimizes and, thinking the place where it is installed, the state policy that responds to the actors with which it operates and historical production of the relations between state and popular territories. The analysis consists, therefore, knowledge and practices in daily life and localized effects in the presence of police in the landscape of the slum. If new rules are brought to the UPP, new identifications are mobilized and the modulations of all open gaps, the government itself cannot occur alone but is combined with differences in the management of life.

Study between related factors of hepatocellular carcinoma and ubiquitin proteasome pathway / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the largest causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide for which there are very limited effective treatment options.The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) has rapidly become acknowledged as both critical mechanism for cellular biological function and a latent target of regulation of cancer-related disease.This review focus on the role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and its correlation factors(HBV、P27、NF-?B,et al),in order to find novel therapeutic interventions against the genesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.