Clinical value of left atrium-descending aorta distance measured on ultrasound images in the diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of ultrasonic measurement of left atrium-descending aorta distance in the diagnosis of fetal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).Methods:Pregnant women who underwent fetal anatomy scans in the second trimester of pregnancy in Central Hospital of Panyu District between January 2018 and June 2019 were included in this study using prospective and case-control study methods. The GE Voluson E8 and Philips EPIQ 7 ultrasound machines were used to measure the left atrium-descending aorta distance in the four-chamber view of the fetal heart. Pulmonary vein was carefully examined. Fetuses with isolated TAPVC were included in the positive group. The pregnancy outcomes were followed up during all participants. 200 healthy fetuses were randomly selected and included in the control group. The correlation between left atrium-descending aorta distance in normal fetuses and gestational weeks was analyzed. The average value of left atrium-descending aorta distances was compared between positive and control groups.Results:A total of 2 156 pregnant women received fetal anatomy scans, with the completion rate of 100%. Among them, 1 786 pregnant women were successfully followed up and 370 were lost to follow up. Among the 1 786 pregnant women, four fetuses were diagnosed with isolated TAPVC, consisting of three fetuses with intracardiac type TAPVC and one fetus with supracardiac type TAPVC, as confirmed by prenatal ultrasound. The left atrium-descending aorta distance in 200 normal fetuses was weakly related to gestational weeks ( r2 = 0.35, P < 0.000 1). The mean left atrium-descending aorta distance in the positive group was significantly greater than that in the control group (5.4 mm vs. 2.1 mm). Conclusion:Ultrasonic measurement of left atrial posterior spatial distance is simple and it is hardly affected by gestational weeks. It is innovative to diagnose TAPVC through quantitative analysis. The widening of left atrium-descending aorta distance has a certain value in suggesting fetal TAPVC. The sample size is small in this study. Multi-center studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the clinical significance of widened left atrium-descending aorta distance.

Research progress of corneal thickness measurement / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The thickness of the central cornea has an important influence on various eye diseases and operations such as keratoconus and other corneal diseases, glaucoma, and corneal refractive surgery. Obtaining accurate central corneal thickness is a topic that clinicians have been paying close attention to. It decides the operation method and operation parameters(cutting depth, cutting optical area size, <i>etc.</i>)of refractive surgery. Accurate measurement of central corneal thickness is a great concern to clinicians. At present, there are two kinds of measurement of corneal thickness: the first is ultrasonic measurement, such as traditional Type A ultrasonic corneal thickness meter and ultrasonic biological microscope; the second is optical measurement, including Pentacam, corneal endokeratoscope, optical coherence tomography, <i>etc</i>. Different measuring methods and instruments have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, the ultimate goal of developing corneal thickness measurement is easy operation and good repeatability. Therefore, based on the summarization of current clinically-used corneal thickness measurement instruments and of research progress of corneal thickness measurement, this paper aims at providing theoretical guide for clinical oculists.

Influential factors and methods of evaluating the gingival biotype / 口腔疾病防治

@#Gingival biotypes are used to describe the morphological characteristics of periodontal tissue. According to thickness, the gingiva can be divided into thin and thick gingival biotypes. The gingival biotype has a wide range of influential factors and can be measured by various methods. In the process of oral treatment, to achieve good therapeutic effects and obtain a clear prognosis, it is particularly important to study the gingival biotype. This article reviews the influential factors and methods for assessing the gingival biotype. The results of literature review show that, factors influencing the gingival biotype include individual factors related to sex, age and ethnicity and oral soft and hard tissue characteristics related to crown shape, tooth position, alveolar bone thickness, keratinized gingival width and gingival papilla height. Gingival hypertrophy mainly occurs in young males and in people with square and round crowns, thicker alveolar bones and wider keratinized gingiva. With the development of methods for measuring the gingival biotype ranging from the traditional direct observation method, direct measurement methods and periodontal exploration methods to cone beam computed tomography and ultrasound have increased the accuracy of these measurements.

Application of Machine Learning to Predict Macrosomia / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To improve the accuracy of prediction of macrosomia by application of machine learning.Methods:Ultrasound measurement data and fetal birth weight of macrosomia and normal birth weight neonates were collected during January 2015 to December 2016 in Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University.Ultrasound built-in Hadlock formula,multiple linear regression,k-nearest neighbor,support vector machine,random forest were evaluated and compared to predict macrosomia using actual fetal birth weight as the gold standard.Results:The sensitivity of built-in Hadlock formula to predict macrosomia was 40.86％ and Youden index was 39.95％.The sensitivity of the multivariate linear regression was 60.22％ and the Youden index was 58.85％.The sensitivity of the k-nearest neighbor was 86.21％ and the Youden index was 75.10％.The sensitivity of the support vector machine was 86.21％ and the Youden index was 73.51％.The sensitivity of the random forest was 81.03％ and the Youden index was 71.51％.The Youden index of multivariate linear regression was significantly bigger than that of built-in Hadlock(u =3.64,P ＜0.001).The Youden index of k-nearest neighbor,support vector machine and random forest was significantly bigger and built-in Hadlock and multivariate linear regression (P＜0.001,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions:The machine learning is of high accuracy and great value of application.

Ultrasonic image reconstruction with feature extraction of bones and skin of residual limb / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective In the prosthetic socket design process, the high cost and radiation deficiency caused by CT scanning which is a routine way to obtain the cross section image of the residual limb remain problems. Ultrasonic measuring approach is proposed to gain the bones and skin contour of the residual limb. MethodsAn ultrasonic measuring device to get the multiple ultrasonic images of the residual limb was developed firstly, a compound algorithm to reconstruct the multiple images into 2D image was designed, and then the feature extraction on the bones and skin was made. Results Conclusion Comparing with the like-kind cross sectional scanning technique, the ultrasonic measuring method has the characteristic of no radiation and low cost.

Clinical validation of multi-formula to estimate the weight of fetal macrosomia by ultrasonic measurement / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To derive a formula of higher veracity in estimating the weight of fetal macrosomia by ultrasonic measurement.Methods:The relationship between ultrasonic measurement of fetal abdominal circumference(AC),biparietal diameter(BPD),femur length(FL),humeral soft tissue thinkness(HSTT) and the weight of the neonate respectively in 361 cases,and formula of multiple regression was established.Then a clinical validation was carried out in 75 cases by this new formula.A comparison with other two formulas estimating fetal macrosomia was also made.Results:In comparison with the monoparameter formula and another multiparameter formula,the checking-out rate of fetal macrosomia by this new formula is higher,about 64 percent ( P