Efficacy of ultrasonograpy-guided bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block for polypectomy of vocal cord by laryngoscope / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasonograpy (US )-guided bilateral superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)block by different concentrations of lidocaine combined with intrave-nous anesthesia for polypectomy of vocal cord by laryngoscope.Methods Sixty patients,aged 18-65 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective polypectomy of vocal cord by laryngoscope were divided into 3 groups (n=20 each)using a random number table:US-guided bilat-eral SLN block by 2% lidocaine (group A),S-guided bilateral SLN block by 1% lidocaine (group B), and traditional SLN block by 2% lidocaine (group C).HR,MAP,SpO2and plasma concentration of NE were detected at the time of patients entering the operating room (T0),immediately after intuba-tion(T1),suspensing laryngoscopy (T2),5 min after suspensing laryngoscopy (T3),immediately af-ter extubation(T4),5 min after extubation(T5).Extubation time and side effects such as dysphagia and dyspnea in two hours after extubation were recorded as well.Results HR and MAP in the three groups at T1-T5were increased compared to T0(P<0.05).Compared with group C,HR and MAP in groups A and B were decreased at T1-T5(P<0.05).Plasma concentration of NE of groups A and B was more significantly decreased than group C (P<0.05),and extubation time of groups A and B was less than that of group C (P <0.05 ).Conclusion US-guided bilateral SLN block by 1% lidocaine has definite effect and better comfort level,with stable haemodynamics and less extubation time.

Correlation between ultrasonic feature of tibial nerve with Michigan neuropathy screening instrument scoring system in type 2 diabetic mellitus / 天津医药

Objective To examine the correlation between the ultrasonic feature of tibial nerve and the scores of Michi?gan neuropathy screening instrument(MNSI)in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and to provide information for early diagno?sis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). Methods Based on scores of MNSI, 95 cases of T2DM patients were divided into three different groups:group B(0-2.4 scores), C(2.5-4.4 scores)and D(≥4.5 scores). Ultrasound parameters of group A (n=30) were compared with group B (n=32), group C (n=31) and group D (n=32). These parameters includes nerves′s an?teroposterior dimension, transverse diameter, cross-sectional area and fasciculus echo, thescreen clothstructure, epineuri?um and the demarcation with neighbourhood structures. Correlation of MNSI with ultrasound performance of tibia nerve was also tested. Results Compared with group A, transverse diameter in group B did not show a obvious change, but anteropos?teror dimension, transverse diameter, cross-sectional area in group C, group D all increase.(P 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the nerves′s anteroposterior di?mension, transverse diameter, cross-sectional area with MNSI, rs were 0.656、0.657 and 0.681 respectively (P<0.05 in all three cases). Conclusion Certain correlation was observed between MNSI and tibial never ultrasonic feature in T2DM pa?tients;the higher MNSI scores , the greater chance of presence of abnormal sonographic features of tibial nerve.

Dissecção coronária espontânea / Spontaneous coronary dissection

Paciente do sexo feminino, de 36 anos de idade e sem fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, foi atendida com quadro clínico de angina do peito. O eletrocardiograma demonstrava inversão de onda T em D2, D3 e aVF. A cineangiocoronariografia demonstrou imagem sugestiva de dissecção coronária espontânea no terço proximal de artéria coronária direita, comprometendo gravemente a luz e o fluxo arteriais. Avaliação adicional foi realizada com ultrassom intracoronário, que orientou o planejamento da intervenção coronária percutânea subsequente com stent e analisou o resultado final após o implante. A dissecção coronária espontânea é causa rara de síndrome coronária aguda e afeta principalmente mulheres jovens no período gestacional. Pouco se sabe sobre sua fisiopatologia. O prognóstico e o tratamento dependem da extensão da dissecção e da artéria comprometida.

A 36-year-old female, with no cardiovascular risk factors, was examined with angina pectoris. Electrocardiogram showed T wave inversion in D2, D3 and aVF surface leads. The patient was submitted to coronary angiography that showedan image suggestive of spontaneous coronary dissection on the proximal segment of the right coronary artery, severely compromising arterial lumen and flow. Additional evaluation included intravascular ultrasound, which guided the subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation and assessed the final result. Spontaneous coronary dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome and affects mainly young women in the gestational age. Little is known about its pathophysiology. Prognosis and treatment depend on the length of dissection and the compromised artery.

Preemptive analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The transversus abdominis plane block is recently described peripheral block to providing analgesia to the anterior abdominal wall. The goal of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (US-TAP block) in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision. METHODS: Thirty-two patients undergoing gynecologic surgery were randomized to undergo standard care such as PCA, or to receive additional US-TAP block with standard care. After general anesthesia induction, a bilateral US-TAP block was performed using 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml on each side. Postoperative demand of rescue analgesics in PACU and ward were recorded. Each patient was assessed postoperatively by a blinded investigator in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and at 2, 6, 10, 24, 48 hr postoperatively to investigate pain, drowsiness, nausea and itch. RESULTS: The US-TAP block reduced pain intensity compared to standard care in the PACU (5.2 +/- 3.1 vs 8.4 +/- 1.3) and at 2, 24 postoperative hours (3.0 +/- 2.4 vs 5.2 +/- 2.4, 0.9 +/- 1.5 vs 2.2 +/- 1.9). Fentanyl requirements in PACU was reduced (20.3 +/- 20.9 vs 62.5 +/- 35.4 microg, P < 0.05). In ward, pethidine requirements was reduced (21.9 +/- 28.7 vs 56.3 +/- 34.8 mg, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The US-TAP block with standard care provide more effective analgesia after gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision.

Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Present and Future

The technical advances in endoscopic ultrasonograpy (EUS) and accessories have enabled performing EUS-guided intervention in the pancreas and biliary tract. Many research centers have been performing or investigating EUS-guided drainage, EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis and block, EUS-guided anastomosis that includes choledocho-enterostomy and choledocho-gastrostomy, EUS-guided ablation and injection therapy mainly for pancreatic neoplasm, EUS-guided photodynamic therapy and EUS-guided brachytherapy. Some of these are currently clinical applications and others are under investigations in clinical studies or animal models. Further detailed randomized controlled clinical trials and the development of materials will bring us into a new era of therapeutic EUS.

Tratamento percutâneo de pseudoaneurismas por injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom / Percutaneous treatment of pseudoaneurysms by ultrasound-guide thrombin injection

Pseudoaneurisma iatrogênico ocorre em 0,5% a 2% dos procedimentos percutâneos diagnósticos e em até 7% a 8% dos procedimentos percutâneos terapêuticos. A oclusão do pseudoaneurisma pela injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom diretamente no interior do saco aneurismático é técnica pouco invasiva, de execução rápida e segura, e com alto índice de sucesso. A proposta deste trabalho é relatar nossa experiência no tratamento do pseudoaneurisma iatrogênico por injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom. Método: Entre setembro de 2006 e fevereiro de 2010 realizamos 1.811 procedimentos cardíacos percutâneos com ocorrência de 15 pseudoaneurismas (0,8%), dos quais 13 foram tratados com injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom de forma consecutiva. Características clínicas, tipo de procedimento, medicações coadjuvantes, tamanho e morfologia dos pseudoaneurismas, dose de trombina utilizada, resultado da terapia e ocorrência de complicações foram documentados e armazenados prospectivamente em banco de dados e, então, analisados retrospectivamente. Resultados: A taxa de sucesso primário foi de 100%, com apenas uma recidiva sete dias após a abordagem inicial, tratada com sucesso pela mesma técnica. Não foi observada ocorrência de complicações relacionadas à injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom e todos os pacientes apresentavam-se assintomáticos aos 30 dias de acompanhamento. Conclusão: A injeção de trombina guiada por ultrassom realizada por profissionais com experiência em ultrassom vascular e em punções transparietais de cistos e coleções é uma opção terapêutica viável, prática e segura no tratamento do pseudoaneurisma iatrogênico.

Background: Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is observed in 0.5% to 2% of diagnostic percutaneous procedures and in up to 7% to 8% of therapeutic percutaneous procedures.Pseudoaneurysm occlusion by ultrasound-guided thrombin injection directly in the aneurysm sac is a minimally invasive, quick and safe procedure with a high success rate. The aim of our study is to report our initial experience in treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms by ultrasound-guidedthrombin injection. Method: Between September 2006 and February 2010, 1,811 percutaneous coronary interventions were carried out with an occurrence of 15 pseudoaneurysms(0.8%), of which 13 were consecutively treated by ultrasound-guided thrombin injection. Clinical characteristics, type of percutaneous procedure, adjuvant therapy, size and morphology of pseudoaneurysms, thrombin dose, success and complication rate were prospectively documented and later retrospectively analyzed. Results: Primary success rate was 100% with just one recurrence seven days after the initial approach, which was successfully treated using the same technique. There were no complicationsrelated to the ultrasound-guided thrombin injection and all of the patients were asymptomatic 30 days after the procedure. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided thrombin injectionperformed by professionals experienced in intravascular ultrasound and transparietal punctures of cysts and collections is a feasible, practical and safe option in the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms.

Two Granular Cell Tumors of the Colon with the Endosonographic Features / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Granular cell tumor is relatively uncommon, it is usually benign and it can be located anywhere throughout the body. It is uncommon in the digestive tract, and especially in the colon and rectum. The endosonographic features of granular cell tumor are usually a relatively hypoechoic, heterogenous lesion in the submucosa, but this tumor has rarely been reported in the colon. We report here on two cases of granular cell tumors of the colon that were observed by using endoscopic ultrasonograpy for making the differential diagnosis of a submucosal tumor and these tumors were confirmed by microscopic examinations after endoscopic mucosal resection.

Evaluation of ultrasound on peripheral atheral atherosderosis after treatment by folicacid in combination with mecobalamin in uremia patient / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of peripheral atheral atherosclerosis after treatment by folicacid in combination with mecobalarain in uremia patient using vascular ultrasound.Methods 99 cases of uremia patients with carotid atherosclerosis were treated with folie acid tablets and mecobalamin tablets for six months.The carotid intimia-media thiclmess(IMT),total plaque area,numbers and ultrasound types of carotid atherosclerotic before and after treatment were observed.Results After six months,carotid IMT became tinner significantly,and the totsl plaque area decreased(P＜0.05).The ultrasound types of carotid atherosclerotic plagues have changed after six montha.and the plaque numbers decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Threatment by folie acid combination with mecobalamin in uremia patients maybe helpful to the progression of carotid athereaclerotie disease.

The value of intraoperative ultrasonography in judging the resectability of central bronchogenic carcinoma: a comparison with computed tomography / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of intraoperative ultrasonography (IUS) in judging the relationship between central bronchogenic carcinoma and pulmonary vessels and in predicting the resectability of the tumor. Methods Intraoperative ultrasonograpy(IUS) and preoperative CT scanning were performed in 30 patients of central bronchogenic carcinoma. The relationship between vessel and tumor as assessed by IUS and preoperative CT were quantified and scored with a ranging from 0-4 respectively, and then the resectability of the tumor and optimal surgical method were predicted according to the scores. Results The accuracy of CT and IUS to determine tumor-vessel relationship was 72.3%(141/195) and 81.0%(171/211), respectively (P=0.037). The sensitivity of CT and IUS in predicting the resectability of tumor was 91.3%(21/23) and 95.6%(22/23), respectively, the specificity was 28.6%(2/7) and 57.1%(4/7), respectively, and the accuracy was 76.7%(23/30) and 86.7%(26/30), respectively. The accuracy of CT and IUS in predicting surgical strategy was 53.3%(16/30) and 63.3%(19/30), respectively(P=0.432). Conclusion IUS is a useful method in predicting the resectability of centrally located bronchogenic carcinoma.

Effectiveness of Diagnogstic Tools for The Detection of Recurrence after Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 한국간담췌외과학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In spite of improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the prognosis of hepatocarcinoma( HCC) is still poor because of the high recurrence rate. Early detection and active treatment of recurrent HCC are important to improve the survival. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of diagnostic tools for early detection of the recurrence of HCC. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 236 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection for HCC at SNUH between 1993 and 1995. Postoperatively, we checked radiologic studies every three months and serum alpha- fetoprotein level monthly first, then every three months to detect recurrence. The patients were divided into four group (Low-Low;L-L, Low-High;L-H, High-Low;H-L, High-High;H-H) according to the serum levels of pre- and post-operative(3 months) alpha-fetoprotein levels (Low ; 20ng/ml). RESULTS: Overall recurrence rate was 55.1%. The recurrence rates in L-L gr., L-H gr, H-L gr., and H-H gr were 40.7%, 75.0%, 42.9% and 91.8% respectively. Increasing levels of alpha-fetoprotein at the time of dectection of recurrence were found in 13.6%, 66.7%, 25.9% and 92.9%, respectively(p<0.05). The 3- year disease-free survival rates are 62.1%, 25.0%, 57.8% and 6.3%, respectively(p<0.05). The 3-year overall survival rates are 79.2%, 50.0%, 83.6% and 51.1%, respectively(p<0.05). The detection rates of ultrasonography(US) and computed tomograpy(CT) were 82.4% and 97.2% respectively. Seven patients had lung metastasis on chest X-ray and two bone metastasis on bone scan, two spinal metastasis on spine X-ray and MRI and 2 adrenal metastasis by US and CT were detected. CONCLUSION: The patients who have high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein postoperatively have a tendency to recur early. On the other hand, patients who have low serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein postoperatively recur late, usually without its elevation. Therefore, in former cases, early recurrence or remnant tumor should be suspected and in latter cases, regular US and/or CT is a more useful method for early detection of recurrent HCC than frequent checking of serum alpha-fetoprotein.