ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Ultrasound is the most frequently used imaging method to evaluate thyroid nodules. Sonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules which are concerning for malignancy are important to define the need for fine needle aspiration biopsy or open surgery. Objective To evaluate malignancy risk of solid thyroid nodules through sonographic scoring. The effects of nodule size ≥2 cm and associated pathologic cervical lymph node in scoring were examined in addition to generally excepted suspicious features. Methods Medical data of 123 patients underwent thyroid surgery were reviewed, and 89 patients (58 females, 31 males) were included in the study. The presence and absence of each suspicious sonographic feature of thyroid nodules were scored as 1 and 0, respectively. Total ultrasound score was obtained by adding the positive ultrasound findings. Differently from the literature, nodule size ≥2 cm and associated pathologic cervical node were added in scoring criteria. The diagnostic performance of nodule characteristics for malignancy and the effect of total US score to discriminate malignant and benign disease were calculated. Results A significant relationship was found between malignancy and hypoechogenity, border irregularity, intranodular vascularity, and microcalcification (p < 0.05). Pathologic cervical node was observed predominantly in association with malignant nodules. Positive predictive value of suspicious cervical node for malignancy was 67%, similar to microcalcification. Nodule size ≥2 cm was not distinctive for diagnosis of malignancy. The number of suspicious sonographic features obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis to discriminate between malignant and benign disease was three. Conclusion Sonographic scoring of thyroid nodules is an effective method for predicting malignancy. The authors suggest including associated pathologic node in the scoring criteria. Further studies with larger cohorts will provide more evidence about its importance in sonographic scoring.
Resumo Introdução A ultrassonografia é o método imagiológico mais frequentemente usado na avaliação de nódulos tireoidianos. As características ultrassonográficas dos nódulos tireoidianos que dizem respeito à malignidade são importantes para a definição da necessidade de uma biópsia por aspiração com agulha fina ou uma cirurgia aberta. Objetivo Avaliar o risco de malignidade de nódulos tireoidianos sólidos por meio de escore ultrassonográfico, verificar os efeitos de nódulos ≥ 2 cm, em associação com linfonodo cervical patológico, além de características suspeitas geralmente omitidas. Método Foram revisados dados médicos de 123 pacientes tratados com cirurgia da tireoide. Foram incluídos no estudo 89 pacientes (58 mulheres, 31 homens). Presença e ausência de cada característica ultrassonográfica suspeita de nódulo tireoidiano receberam pontuações de 1 e 0, respectivamente. O escore ultrassonográfico total foi obtido pela soma dos achados ultrassonográficos positivos. Diferentemente da literatura, nódulos ≥ 2 cm e nodo cervical patológico associado foram acrescentados nos critérios de pontuação. Foram calculados o valor diagnóstico das características dos nódulos para malignidade e o efeito do escore ultrassonográfico total na diferenciação entre doença maligna vs. benigna. Resultados Foi encontrada uma associação significante entre malignidade e hipoecogenicidade, irregularidade das margens, vascularidade intranodular e microcalcificação (p < 0,05). Nodo cervical patológico foi observado predominantemente em associação com nódulos malignos. O valor preditivo positivo de nodo cervical suspeito para malignidade foi de 67%, similar ao achado para microcalcificação. Diâmetro de nódulo ≥ 2 cm não foi fator diferenciador para diagnóstico de malignidade. O número de características ultrassonográficas suspeitas obtido com a análise da curva de características de operação do receptor (receiver operating characteristic, ROC) para discriminação entre doença maligna vs. benigna foi igual a 3. Conclusão O escore ultrassonográfico dos nódulos tireoidianos é método efetivo para predição de malignidade. Sugerimos a inclusão de nódulo patológico associado aos critérios de pontuação. Futuros estudos com coortes maiores proporcionarão mais evidências sobre sua importância no escore ultrassonográfico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Nodule/pathology , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Lymph Nodes/pathology , NeckABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the random forest algorithm that combines data on transrectal ultrasound findings, age, and serum levels of prostate-specific antigen to predict prostate carcinoma. Clinico-demographic data were analyzed for 941 patients with prostate diseases treated at our hospital, including age, serum prostate-specific antigen levels, transrectal ultrasound findings, and pathology diagnosis based on ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate. These data were compared between patients with and without prostate cancer using the Chi-square test, and then entered into the random forest model to predict diagnosis. Patients with and without prostate cancer differed significantly in age and serum prostate-specific antigen levels (P < 0.001), as well as in all transrectal ultrasound characteristics (P < 0.05) except uneven echo (P = 0.609). The random forest model based on age, prostate-specific antigen and ultrasound predicted prostate cancer with an accuracy of 83.10%, sensitivity of 65.64%, and specificity of 93.83%. Positive predictive value was 86.72%, and negative predictive value was 81.64%. By integrating age, prostate-specific antigen levels and transrectal ultrasound findings, the random forest algorithm shows better diagnostic performance for prostate cancer than either diagnostic indicator on its own. This algorithm may help improve diagnosis of the disease by identifying patients at high risk for biopsy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of routine ultrasound examination and interventional treatment of absolute alcohol in different types of liver cancer.Methods Thirty cases of liver cancer patients who were treated in the 3rd People' s Hospital of Yangquan from May 2010 to May 2014 were selected as ours subjects.They were performed ultrasound exam.The ultrasound characteristic was recorded.Patients were divided into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) group (11 cases),hepatocellular cholangiocarcinom (HCC) group (14cases) and mixed cholangiocarcinoma group(5 cases) based on pathology results.Nine HCC postoperative recurrence patients and 7 ICC postoperative recurrence patients were treated with absolute alcohol and the clinical effect was observed.Results There were significant differences in the three groups in terms of gender,boundary definition and tumor location (x2 =8.01,6.16,7.32 ; P ＜ 0.05).While the distribution of ultrasound echo intensity was not statistically significant(x =3.44,P ＞ 0.05).The effective rate of interventional treatment of absolute alcohol in HCC patients was 88.89％,and 42.86％ in ICC group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =3.88,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The ultrasound characteristics of different pathological liver cancer are different.Ethanol interventional therapy on HCC patients is significantly better than the effect of ICC patients,suggesting that ICC postoperative recurrence patients can be treated combined with other methods to help improve the effect.