Association of sunlight exposure with visual impairment in an Indian fishing community

Purpose: Indian fishermen belong to a marginalized population and are continuously exposed to extreme occupational hazards and sunlight. A high prevalence of visual impairment (VI) is reported in the coastal fishing community. We aimed to investigate the association between VI and sunlight exposure measurement (SEM). Methods: In this cross?sectional observational study, 270 eyes of 135 participants were enrolled from a coastal fishing village. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, which included best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and anterior and posterior segment examination. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and SEM questionnaire were administered to estimate the level of dry eye and ultraviolet?B (UV?B) exposure, respectively. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/12 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] > 0.3). Results: The mean age and spherical equivalent were 50.56 ± 11.72 years (range: 18–80 years) and 0.36 ± 1.68 diopters (D) (range: ?7.0 to +3.0 D), respectively. Age, SEM, OSDI, fishing as an occupation, and cataract were significantly associated with higher odds of VI in univariate analysis. Refraction, gender, education level, smoking status, amblyopia, systematic, and other ocular diseases were not significantly associated with VI. In the multivariate analysis, age, SEM, and presence of cataract remained significantly associated with a higher risk for VI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for age and SEM scores demonstrate a fair index of discrimination for the detection of VI. Conclusion: SEM level is directly associated with a higher risk of VI among fishermen. The fishing community might benefit from regular eye examinations and awareness about the harmful effects of sunlight exposure and preventive measures.

Inhibitory effect of long non-coding RNA Neat1 on ultraviolet B-induced pyroptosis of human lens epithelial cells and its mechanism / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (Neat1) in pyroptosis of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods:The human lens epithelial cell line HLE-B3 was cultured in vitro, and cells at log phase were exposed to ultraviolet B for 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours, respectively.The expression of cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), a protein related to pyroptosis, was detected by Western blot.The relative expression level of Neat1 in cells after different irradiation durations was determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Cell viability was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method to screen the optimal irradiation duration for UVB-induced LECs pyroptosis, which was finally determined to be 4 hours.HLE-B3 cells were divided into negative siRNA transfection group, siRNA Neat1 transfection group, negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, and were transfected with corresponding reagents for 24 hours.The negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group were irradiated with UVB for 4 hours after transfection.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 method.The pyroptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) proteins were detected by Western blot.The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ultrastructural changes in HLE-B3 cells were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results:The grayscale of caspase-1 protein bands increased with the extension of irradiation duration.The relative expression levels of caspase-1 protein at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours of irradiation were 0.05±0.01, 0.25±0.07, 0.51±0.04 and 0.74±0.02, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=168.223, P<0.001), and significant differences were found in paired comparisons (all at P<0.05). With prolonged irradiation, the relative expression level of Neat1 mRNA increased and the cell viability decreased, with statistically significant differences in paired comparisons (all at P<0.05). Compared with negative siRNA transfection group, the cell viability was increased in siRNA Neat1 transfection group and decreased in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, with statistically significant differences (both at P<0.01). Compared with negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, the cell viability was increased in siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The pyroptosis rate was significantly lower in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group than in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.01). The relative expression levels of caspase-1, NLRP3 and GSDMD proteins in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group were higher than those in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.01). The concentration of IL-1β was significantly higher in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group than in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Cell swelling, formed cell membrane pores, vacuolated cells and fuzzy mitochondrial cristae were seen in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group by transmission electron microscopy.Compared with negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, slighter cell swelling, fewer cell membrane pores and lighter mitochondrial swelling were seen in siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group. Conclusions:Neat1 is involved in human LECs pyroptosis induced by UVB through the classic pyroptosis pathway mediated by caspase-1.Knockdown of Neat1 can inhibit the pyroptosis of human LECs.

Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation quantitative proteomics research of human lens epithelial cells after ultraviolet-B irradiation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes of protein expressions in human lens epithelial cells(SRA01/04)undergoing oxidative damage, hoping to provide new protein target for the pathogenesis of age-related cataract(ARC).METHODS: SRA01/04 cells were divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, cells were irradiated with ultraviolet-B(UVB)for 10min to establish the model of oxidative damage, whereas cells in the control group were untreated. Protein expression profile from the two groups was sequenced by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ). The filtering criteria that fold change &#x0026;#x003E;1.2 and p&#x0026;#x003C;0.05 was used to determine the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs). Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were utilized for functional enrichment analysis of the top 50 DEPs with either up-regulated or down-regulated significance. Furthermore, Pathway commons software was used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.RESULTS: Overall, 552 DEPs were screened out. A total of 176 DEPs were up-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group, including HMGB1 and USP1, while 376 DEPs were down-regulated, including POLR2A and POLR2B. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the top 50 DEPs with up-regulated or down-regulated significance were involved in various crucial biological processes and signaling pathways. PPI network revealed that oxidative damage repair(ODR)-related proteins might play a key role in UVB-induced oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of multiple proteins, especially ODR-related proteins, can be altered in SRA01/04 cells via UVB irradiation. These findings may provide cellular-related insights into the pathogenesis of ARC and into proteins or pathways associated with therapeutic targets.

Protective effect of Acronychia pedunculata water extract on photoaging keratinocyte model and its mechanism / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Acronychia pedunculata water extracts on UV-induced light damage of human keratinocytes.Methods:The experiment was conducted from December 2018 to April 2020 in the Guangxi Medical University Laboratory of Genetics. The photoaged keratinocyte model was used, the cells were co-cultured with different concentrations of Acronychia pedunculata water extracts. The cell proliferation rate was detected by CCK-8 method. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of cells were detected by a test kit. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA.Results:The proliferation of HaCaT cells was promoted by 0.5 mg/L-2.0 mg/L of the extracts. Compared with control group, the proliferation rate of HaCaT cells in the experimental group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with control group, the contents of ROS was decreased ( F=214.67, P<0.05), MDA was decreased ( F=811.88, P<0.05), SOD was increased ( F=28.95, P<0.05), CAT was increased ( F=213.31, P<0.05), GPX was increased ( F=65.10, P<0.05), T-AOC was increased ( F=305.58, P<0.05), IL-1β was decreased ( F=15.46, P<0.05), IL-6 was decreased ( F=59.2, P<0.05), and TNF-α was decreased ( F=33.13, P<0.05). Conclusions:The extracts of 0.5-2.0 mg/L of Acronychia pedunculata have protective effects on the photoaging cell model, which may be related to the increase of SOD, CAT, GPX and other antioxidant enzymes and the level of T-AOC in photoaging HaCaT cells, and the decrease of ROS, MDA content and the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

Protective Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Lavender Against Skin Photoaging in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of total flavonoids of lavender on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） in mice and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway. MethodEighty-four female KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups， namely blank group， model group， solvent group， vitamin E （0.013 g·kg-1） group， as well as low-， middle-， and high-dose （0.25， 1.25， 2.50 g·kg-1） groups of total flavonoids of lavender. The naked skin on the back of mice was irradiated with UVB for inducing optical damage. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the skin was coated with the total flavonoids of lavender. After continuous irradiation for one week， the skin moisture and elasticity on the back of mice were evaluated， and the effects of total flavonoids of lavender on histopathological changes in mouse skin were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Van Gieson （VG） staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） after skin homogenization were detected by colorimetry， the inflammatory factors interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skin tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， BTB-CNC homology 1 （Bach1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly increased appearance score （P<0.01）， reduced skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， pronounced pathological changes in the skin tissue like epidermal thickening， scabbing， small abscess， and severe injury， elevated MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated Bach1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total flavonoids of lavender at the low， middle， and high doses all remarkably reduced the appearance score （P<0.01）， enhanced the skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， diminished the MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1， HO-1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of Bach1 mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of the total flavonoids of lavender against skin photoaging in mice is significant， which may be related to its activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway， regulation of oxidative stress， and improvement of inflammatory response.

Comparative analysis of miRNA profiles of platelets treated and untreated with riboflavin and ultraviolet-B light / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the changes of microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles on day 1 and day 5 after storage with or without riboflavin and ultraviolet-B (UVB) light (VB2-PRT) treatment, and to explore the molecular mechanism of miRNAs involved in the regulation of platelet storage lesion (PSL) under VB2-PRT treatment. 【Methods】 20 apheresis platelet concentrates (5mL / sample), collected from voluntary donors, were split into two group after mixing and agitation. One was treated with riboflavin (final concentration 50 μmol/L) plus 6.24 J/mL UVB light(E group), and the other worked as a control group (C group) without any treatment. Both groups were subjected to agitated storage at (22±2) ℃ horizontally. The platelet concentrates were sampled on d1 and d5 (5mL) during storage, named as E1, E5, C1 and C5 groups, respectively, and sequenced by DNA nanoball (DNB) sequencing technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs between E and C groups were screened by using DEGseq and MA-plot analysis software, and GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were further performed when the different expression between groups reached twofold and above. 【Results】 Compared with C1 group, 487 miRNAs with significantly different expression (P<0.01) were screened in E1 group, including 220 up-regulated miRNAs, such as miR-146a and let-7b, and 267 down regulated miRNAs, such as miR-7 and miR-1260. Compared with C5 group, 229 miRNAs with significantly different expression (P<0.01) were screened in E5, including 80 miRNAs with up-regulated expression, such as miR-423 and miR-378, and 149 down regulated miRNAs, such as miR-451 and miR-30.The target genes with differentially expressed miRNAs in E1 vs C1 groups and E5 vs C5 groups were similar in the numbers of enriched GO terms, including cell components, organelles, cell membrane and other cell structures, molecular functions such as adhesion, catalysis, molecular transformation, transportation, transcription factors and receptor activity, cell processing, metabolism, biological regulation, stress and other biological processes etc. Compared with E1 and C1 groups, E5 and C5 groups lacked of signal pathways related to environmental adaptation, translation and mucin synthesis, however, it increased inositol phosphate metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling system and chemokine signaling pathway. 【Conclusion】 The expression profiles of platelets miRNAs treated with VB2-PRT has changed significantly after storage for a period of time. Functional prediction suggests that these miRNAs might be involved in the regulation of platelet PSL induced by VB2-PRT.

Expression analysis of miRNA profiles in apheresis platelets at the end of storage under riboflavin and ultraviolet-Blight treatment / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the changes of platelet microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles on d1 and d5 during storage with riboflavin and ultraviolet-B (UVB) light (VB2-PRT) treatment, and to explore the molecular mechanism of miRNAs involved in the regulation of platelet storage lesion (PSL) under VB2-PRT treatment. 【Methods】 20 apheresis platelet concentrates (5mL / sample) were collected from voluntary blood donors. After mixing and shaking, the samples was treated with riboflavin (final concentration 50 μmol/L) and 6.24J/mL UVB light for 8min, then split into two aliquots and agitated stored at (22±2) ℃. The concentrates were sampled (5mL) on d1 and d5, respectively, and sequenced by DNA nanoball (DNB) sequencing technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups (at different storage periods) were screened by DEGseq and MA-plot analysis software. The miRNAs, reached more than 2 times different expression between groups, were considered significant different(P<0.01). The miRanda and TargetScan softwares were used to predict the target genes. Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the target genes of significant differentially expressed miRNAs. The expression of miRNAs was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). 【Results】 miRNA expression profile: compared with d1 platelets, there were 590 miRNAs with significantly different expression (P< 0.01) in d5 group, including 255 up-regulated miRNAs (such as miR-99b, miR-7) and 335 down regulated miRNAs (such as miR-451a, miR-19b). Among the 272 known miRNAs, 112 were up-regulated and 160 were down regulated. There were 318 new miRNAs sequences. The enriched GO terms of target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in d5 and d1 groups included cell components, organelles, cell membranes and other cellular structures, molecular functions such as adhesion, catalysis, molecular conversion, transportation, transcription factor and receptor activity, and biological processes such as cell processing, metabolism, biological regulation and stress. The corresponding pathways in the top 10 of KEGG enrichment were mainly secretion, glucose metabolism, signal transduction, membrane transport, translation, environmental adaptation and other signal pathways. The six randomly selected differentially expressed miRNAs verified by qRT-PCR was consistent with those of DNB sequencing. 【Conclusion】 The expression profiles of platelets miRNAs has changed significantly between d1- and d5-storage under VB2-PRT treatment. Functional prediction suggests that these miRNAs might be involved in the regulation of platelet PSL underVB2-PRT treatment.

The Effect of Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy on Vitamin D Status in Psoriasis Patients with Skin Phototype III, IV and V

Background@#Narrowband ultraviolet-B (NBUVB) is an effective treatment option for psoriasis. Vitamin D insufficiency is common in psoriasis patients. We assessed the effect of NBUVB on vitamin D levels amongst psoriasis patients with skin phototype III, IV and V.@*Methods@#Psoriasis patients planned for NBUVB phototherapy were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Hospital Putrajaya and Hospital Kuala Lumpur from May 2020-December 2020. NBUVB phototherapy was given twice weekly for 12 weeks. Serum 25 (OH)D level was measured at baseline and at week 12.@*Results@#A total of 21(63.6%) male and 12(36.4%) female patients aged 18-66 years participated. Majority were Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSP) IV (66.7%) followed by FSP V (21.2%) and FSP III (12.1%). Serum 25(OH)D increased significantly (p<0.001) from 52.09±21.43 nmol/L at baseline to 72.80±19.56 nmol/L at week 12 with the most increment seen in skin type V. There was also a significant improvement seen in Body Surface Area (BSA) involvement after 12 weeks of phototherapy (p<0.001). There was no correlation seen between BSA at week 12 with serum 25(OH)D and percentage of serum 25(OH) D increment.@*Conclusion@#NBUVB phototherapy increases the level of serum 25(OH)D in psoriasis patients with darker skin types while simultaneously clearing psoriasis.

A 5-years Retrospective Study on Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NBUVB) Phototherapy Utilisation Experience in A Tertiary Hospital in East Malaysia

Background@#Phototherapy had been a less favourable treatment in recent years. Our study aims to audit the usage of NB-UVB phototherapy service in a tertiary hospital in East Malaysia.@*Methods@#This is a retrospective study. Phototherapy file of patients who underwent NB-UVB phototherapy between year 2016 and 8 March 2021 were reviewed. Demographic data, treatment history, and acute side effects were analysed.@*Results@#Forty eight subjects were recruited in this study. The majority (33.3%) of the subjects were in 20-29 age group. There was an equal number of male and female subjects. About 66.7% of the subjects had psoriasis and 18.8% of them had vitiligo. Nearly 36.6% of the subjects had 26-50% body surface area involved at initial phototherapy. Almost 54.2% of the subjects had <50 sessions of NB-UVB phototherapy. About 52.1% of the subjects had a cumulative dose of NB-UVB <25 J/cm2 while 26.7% of subjects had a cumulative dose >200 J/cm2. Acute side effects including burning (17.8%), pruritus (4.4%) and flare of psoriasis (2.2%).@*Discussion@#Low utilization rate of NB-UVB phototherapy was likely due to logistical and transportation factors. Psoriasis was the commonest indication for NB-UVB in our study followed by vitiligo. Annual skin malignancy surveillance should be done especially on patients received NB-UVB >350 sessions even after the discontinuation of treatment. Most patients tolerate NB-UVB phototherapy well with no major side effects.@*Conclusion@#In conclusion, NB-UVB phototherapy is a relatively safe yet underutilised treatment in our centre.

Effects of UV-B pre-treatments on physiological properties and accumulation of active ingredients in herbal plant, Prunella vulgaris

Aim: The effects of UV-B pretreatment on biosynthesis of active ingredients in Prunella vulgaris L. were studied from three aspects: active ingredients, physiological and biochemical parameters and key enzymes of rosmarinic acid metabolism pathway.Methodology: In greenhouse, the seedlings of P. vulgaris were subjected to UV-B treatment for 30 min from 10:30 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. every day for 10 days and then transplanted to field. After ripening, the leaves were harvested for physiological and biochemical estimations and the expression of key enzyme genes and the contents of active ingredients were measured by ear picking. Results: The results of active ingredient content showed that artificial UV-B radiation increased the contents of phenolic acids and individual flavonoids at mature fruiting stage compared with control plants. Physiological and biochemical results indicated that increase in peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities seem to be active responses to alleviate the deleterious effects of UV-B in P. vulgaris. Under UV-B pre-treatment, genes related to rosmarinic acid/phenolic acid biosynthesis were significantly (p<0.05) over-expressed at seedling stage of P. vulgaris. Interpretation: This study indicated that UV-B pre-treatment in the seedling stage before transplantation to field is effective for inducing phenolic acid and flavonoid accumulation in P. vulgaris ears at mature fruiting stage.

Comparative Study of Safety and Efficacy of Narrow Band Ultraviolet B (NBUVB) and Psoralen Ultraviolet A (PUVA) Therapy in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Introduction: Psoriasis is a group of chronic, inflammatoryand proliferative condition of skin, associated withsystemic manifestations in many organ systems. The mostcharacteristic lesions consist of erythematous, scaly, sharplydemarcated indurated plaques, present particularly over theextensor surfaces and scalp). Phototherapy is one of the mostefficacious treatment options for psoriasis. New, emergingstudies are beginning to define the biological mechanismsby which phototherapy improves psoriasis- with NBUVBand psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) as the most widely usedapplications.Material and methods: This prospective study was carriedout on 76 patients attending OPD of Rohilkhand medicalcollege and hospital in one year from November 2017 toOctober 2018. The patients were randomly divided intotwo groups;Systemic PUVA (Trimethylpsoralen+UVA) andNBUVB groups and therapy will be administered thrice perweek on non-consecutive days.Results: The initial mean PASI score was 17.43 and 17.01in group A and group B patients respectively, while posttreatment PASI score was 3.08 and 2.01 in respective groups.The average cumulative dose for 80% clearance with PUVAwas found to be 60.51 J/cm2 while with NBUVB it wasfound to be 6.76 J/cm2. Side effects were observed in 28.94%patients in group A while 5.2% patientsin group B. Amongstgroup A 18.42%, 7.8% and 2.6% patients presented witherythema, burning and vesiculations respectively while undergroup B 2.6% patients in each group presented with erythemaand burning.Conclusion: Both PUVA and NBUVB are effective for thetreatment of psoriasis vulgaris. However, NBUVB has adistinct edge over PUVA in terms of efficacy and lesser sideeffects. The advantages of NBUVB therapy over PUVAtherapy includes lack of psoralen-related side effects and lessmean cumulative dose for clearance and so, good adherence.

Selection of parameters of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for vitiligo / 中华皮肤科杂志

Narrowband ultraviolet B has been applied to the treatment of vitiligo for more than 10 years in China.Currently,there are no consistent standards for clinical treatment parameters,and patients cannot benefit from non-standard treatment,which is liable to cause erythema,blisters,photoaging and other adverse reactions.Based on the Vitiligo Working Group recommendations for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for vitiligo,relevant literature and clinical experiences,the authors discuss parameters of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for vitiligo from the aspects of treatment frequency,initial dosing,dose adjustment during consecutive treatment or after missed treatment,response plateau,treatment course and maximum acceptable number of phototherapy,so as to improve the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for vitiligo.

Efficacy of 308 nm monochromatic excimer light and 311 nm narrow band ultraviolet on facial vitiligo / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of monochromatic excimer light and narrow-band ultraviolet in the treatment of facial vitiligo patients.Methods Seventy-nine patients with facial vitiligo were randomly divided into MEL group and NB-UVB group.The MEL and 311-nm NB-UVB were applied respectively.Both groups were treated twice a week,total 30 times.Results After ten times treatment,the effective rate of MEL group and NB-UVB group was 39.02％ and 15.79％,respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).After twenty times treatment,the effective rate of MEL group and NB-UVB group was 70.73％ and 44.74％,respective ly,with significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).After thirty times treatment,the efficacy of MEL group and NB-UVB group was 87.80％ and 84.21 ％,respectively.No statistical significance was found between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The efficacy of both groups showed that disease duration was a negative factor.It seemed that shorter duration of facial vitiligo would obtain better clinical effect.MEL and NB-UVB were safe and effective for the progressive vitiligo.In both groups,few adverse effets in some patients were observed.Conclusions The clinical effect of MEL in treating facial vitiligo is more rapidly than NB-UVB,but as the treatment times increase,the efficacy becomes similar.Both methods are safe in treating facial vitiligo of different stages.

Purpurogallin Protects Keratinocytes from Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet B Radiation and Particulate Matter 2.5

Purpurogallin, a natural phenol obtained from oak nutgalls, has been shown to possess antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, in addition to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that induces cell apoptosis via oxidative stress, particulate matter 2.5 (PM(2.5)) was shown to trigger excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we observed that UVB radiation and PM(2.5) severely damaged human HaCaT keratinocytes, disrupting cellular DNA, lipids, and proteins and causing mitochondrial depolarization. Purpurogallin protected HaCaT cells from apoptosis induced by UVB radiation and/or PM(2.5). Furthermore, purpurogallin effectively modulates the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins under UVB irradiation via caspase signaling pathways. Additionally, purpurogallin reduced apoptosis via MAPK signaling pathways, as demonstrated using MAPK-p38, ERK, and JNK inhibitors. These results indicate that purpurogallin possesses antioxidant effects and protects cells from damage and apoptosis induced by UVB radiation and PM(2.5).

The protective effect of simvastatin against ultraviolet B-induced corneal endothelial cell death

Purpose: Excessive ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure causing corneal endothelium injury, including apoptosis, is a serious condition. Therefore, drugs that can inhibit apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells represent an effective strategy. Simvastatin is widely used as a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, can reduce levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, the protective effect of simvastatin on corneal endothelial cells remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether UVB promotes the initiation of apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells and injury reversible by simvastatin treatment. Methods: We detected the cell viability, subG1 population, and caspase-3 activity. Results: Results showed that simvastatin alleviates UVB-induced cell death, cell apoptosis, and caspase-3 activity. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that simvastatin alleviated UVB-induced corneal endothelial cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activity.

Regulatory mechanism of UVB-induced autophagy and apoptosis in A375 cells / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ultraviolet B( UVB) on autophagy and apoptosis in human epidermal melanoma A375 cells. METHODS: i) A375 cells at logarithmic growth phase were exposed to UVB at doses of 10. 0 and15. 0 m J/cm~2. Then cells were collected at time point of 3,6,9 and 12 hours after irradiation. The effect of UVB on cell autophagy was observed by monodansylcadaverine staining and the effect of UVB on cell apoptosis was observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. ii) A375 cells of 10. 0 m J/cm~2 group and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 group were exposed to corresponding dose of UVB irradiation. Then cells were collected at time point of 18,24,36 and 48 hours after irradiation,and cell survival rate was examined using CCK-8 assay. iii) A375 cells were irradiated with UVB at doses of 10. 0 and15. 0 m J/cm~2 and then cells were collected at time point of 3,6,9 and 12 hours after irradiation. After that,A375 cells were irradiated at doses of 2. 5,5. 0,7. 5,10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 of UVB,then cells were collected at time point of 9 hours after irradiation. The expressions of B-lymphoblastoma-2( Bcl-2),Bcl-2 related X protein( Bax),Bcl-2 interacting protein( Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3( LC3) Ⅱ were detected by Western blotting. A375 cells with no UVB irradiation were set as the control( pseudo-irradiation) in each experiment. RESULTS: i) Both autophagy and apoptosis of A375 cells induced by UVB irradiation at doses of 10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 increased with time after irradiation. The effect on autophagy decreased at 12 hours time point with 15. 0 m J/cm~2 UVB irradiation. ii) The cell viability increased with time after irradiation in the 10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 groups( P < 0. 05). From 18-48 hours after irradiation,the cell viability of the 10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 groups was lower than that of the control group( P < 0. 05).From 24-48 hours after irradiation,the cell viability of the 15. 0 m J/cm~2 group was lower than that of the 10. 0 m J/cm~2 group( P < 0. 05). iii) The relative expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein at the 10. 0 m J/cm~2 group increased with time after 0-12 hours irradiation( P < 0. 05). The above changes of the 15. 0 m J/cm~2 group were observed within 0 to 9 hours,and the above two autophagy-related proteins were significantly decreased at the 12 hours time point( P < 0. 05).The relative expression of Bcl-2 protein at the 10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2 groups decreased with increasing time from 3 to 12 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of Bax protein increased with time from 0 to 12 hours after irradiation( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 protein in cells at 0. 0-10. 0 m J/cm~2,and the relative expression of Bax protein in cells at 0. 0-15. 0 m J/cm~2 increased with increase of irradiation dose( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased with increase of irradiation dose at 5. 0-15. 0 m J/cm~2( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Autophagy and apoptosis of A375 cells can be induced by UVB irradiation at doses of 10. 0 and 15. 0 m J/cm~2. Autophagy induced by UVB irradiation at 10. 0 m J/cm~2 partially resisted the induction of apoptosis by UVB and enhanced cell viability. 15. 0 m J/cm~2 UVB-induced autophagy was insufficient to exert the above-mentioned effects,and the induction of apoptosis was the dominant effect.

Research on sunscreen lipstick to protect UVA and UVB / 药学实践杂志

Objective To prepare the sunscreen lipstick in order to prevent UVA and UVB.Methods The ratio of bees-wax,castor oil and liquid paraffin were optimized with the orthogonal test based on viscosity and heat resistance.The spread-able ability,stability and the anti-ultraviolet effect of the optimized lipstick were investigated.Results The best ratio of bees-wax,castor oil and liquid paraffin was 8:5:4(w/w/w).The viscosity of the sunscreen lipstick was appropriate,easy to spread and stable,which was demonstrated the good prevention effect from UVA and UVB.Conclusion The advantages of the prepared sunscreen lipstick included simple preparation,low cost and stable quality.It could be a new type of sunscreen lipstick protecting from UVA and UVB.

A Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Ginsenoside Re after Oral Administration in Normal and Ultraviolet B Irradiation-induced Damage Rats / 分析化学

A methodology of quantitative analysis on ginsenoside Re (G-Re) in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed for comparing the pharmacokinetic profiles between normal rats and Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced damage rats after oral administration. The sample separation was carried out on an Ascentis?Express C18column (5.0 mm× 3.0 mm,2.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase under gradient elution. MS analysis was operated in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electrospray ionization (ESI) with negative ion mode,and the ions for quantification were m/z 991.54/945.53/475.60. The limit of detection (LOD,S/N=3), limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) were 4.0 ng/mL and 13.5 ng/mL, respectively. G-Re was in good linearity between 15 ng/mL and 20000 ng/mL(r=0.999),the intra-day and inter-day precisions, recovery, matrix effect and stability could meet the pharmacokinetic analysis requirement. The results indicated that the metabolic process of G-Re conformed to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model after single oral administration in the normal and model groups. The t1/2αwere(0.21± 0.04) h and (0. 69 ± 0. 07) h, respectively; t1/2βwere (17. 08 ± 0. 53) and (21. 40 ± 16. 77) h, respectively;AUC(0-t)were (321.91±2.27) μg/(L·h) and (474.99±194.96) μg/(L·h), respectively;AUC(0-∞)were (332. 44 ± 1. 66) μg/(L·h) and (518. 64 ± 231. 39) μg/(L·h), respectively; the pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly different between normal and UVB irradiated rats (p<0.05), except for t1/2α. This UHPLC-QQQ-MS method showed excellent separation, accuracy, high sensitivity, specificity and good repeatability,and it was suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of G-Re in vivo.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibits Ca2+-ATPase1 expression induced by UVB irradiation in human lens epithelial cells / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the expressions of plasma membrane calcium ATPasel (PMCA1) of human lens epithelial cell B-3 (HLEB-3) at both mRNA and protein levels in the presence and absence of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation.Methods HLEB-3 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium,and the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of ZnO (0 μg · mL-1,2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1) on HLEB-3 was investigated in the presence and absence of UVB irradiation.DAPI staining was used to monitor the effect of ZnO on HLECB-3 nuclei,and cell apoptosis was evaluated using annexin V-FITC/PI staining in the presence and absence of UVB irradiation.In addition,the intracellular calcium ion (Ca2 +)levels were assayed using Fluo-3/AM staining,and the expression levels of both PMCA1 mRNA and protein within HLEB-3 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results DAPI staining showed that the ZnO-treated HLEB-3 displayed a concentration-dependent apoptosis,and UVB irradiation could further aggravate the cytotoxic effect of ZnO on HLEB-3.In addition,in the presence of UVB irradiation,concentration gradient of ZnO (2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0 μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1) increased the intracellular calcium ion levels [from (156.34 ±4.59) nmol · L-1 to (173.88 ±7.17)umol · L-1,(289.02 ± 9.09) nmol · L-1,(488.36 ± 48.16) nmol · L 1,respectively] and upregulated HLEB-3 apoptosis,with statistical difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the expression level of PMCA1 in the 2.5 μg · mL-1,5.0 μg · mL-1,10.0 μg · mL-1 ZnO-treated epithelial cells was accordingly 0.75,0.57 and 0.41 as much as that in the 0μg · mL-1 ZnO-treated cells in the absence of UVB irradiation (all P ＜ 0.05),and was accordingly 0.64,0.24 and 0.09 in the present of UVB irradiation,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both ZnO nanoparticle and UVB irradiation can exert cosuppression effect on HLEB-3 via calcium-mediated signaling pathway,indicating it has great potential for the treatment of posterior capsular opacification with UVB irradiation.

Efficacy and relapse rates of different treatment modalities for progressive macular hypomelanosis.

Background: Progressive macular hypomelanosis is an acquired disorder characterized by hypopigmented macules mostly on the trunk and upper extremities. Although many treatment modalities have been proposed for this condition with variable success rates, there are few reports comparing their efficacy and relapse rates. Aim: To compare the efficacy and relapse rates of different treatment modalities for progressive macular hypomelanosis. Methods: Case records of patients diagnosed with progressive macular hypomelanosis and treated in National Skin Centre for a six year period between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics, distribution of hypopigmented macules, treatment efficacy and relapse rates were noted. Results: A total of 108 patients were seen for progressive macular hypomelanosis over the study period; of these, 40 opted for no treatment but were followed up. Thirty‑six were treated with topical antimicrobials and 32 with phototherapy. Of those untreated, 23% recovered spontaneously while 38% in the antimicrobial group and 90% in the phototherapy had remission of their hypopigmentation. After 2 years of follow‑up, relapse occurred only in the phototherapy group. Limitations: The main limitation is the retrospective design whereby diagnosis is dependent on the attending dermatologist. Conclusions: Narrow‑band ultraviolet B therapy appears to be the most effective treatment for progressive macular hypomelanosis but also has the highest potential for relapse. Response rates for antimicrobial therapy are lower and slower, but patients who responded did not relapse. A combination of topical/systemic antimicrobials with narrow‑band ultraviolet B therapy might be the best option to hasten recovery and minimize relapse.