Impact Of Mother Employment On The Nutritional Status Of School Children: A Narrative Review

Introduction-Nutrition status of school going children is most important in their future well establishment quality, and scholarly imperativeness is laid amid this period. It is a changeable period of their development and psychological advancement. Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Inadequate nutrition caused by the lack of a balanced diet. Maternal employment status plays an important role in all aspects of growth, development and nutrition outcomes of the children. Objective-The aim of this narrative review is to assess the impact of maternal employment on the nutritional status of the school children. Method-Pub Med-Medline, EBSCO data base was searched for narrative review study in assessment of nutritional status among school children of employed and unemployed mothers that are focusing from 2009 to2017. Result-The findings shows that out of 7 articles, 5 studies are showing that occupation of mothers have a poor impression on the nutritional status of the school age children and 2 articles shows that mothers socio-economic status and education effect the nutrition status of their children. Conclusion-The review article concluded that mother working status has an impact on nutritional status of school age children. As the children with employed mothers had less healthy nutritional pattern, understanding this wide elements of children's nutrition is exceptionally imperative for their prosperity and future advancement.

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra de desempleados / Psychometric properties of Spanish version of 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (10-item CD-RISC) in an unemployed sample

El objetivo del estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (2003) en su versión reducida de 10 ítems (CD-RISC 10) desarrollada por Campbell-Stills y Stein (2007) y validada al español por Notario-Pacheco et al. (2011) en una muestra de 226 desempleados. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) que corroboró el modelo unifactorial. Siguiendo las aportaciones teóricas, se propusieron las variables de salud psicológica, síntomas psicosomáticos y autoeficacia para analizar la validez de criterio. Las correlaciones entre las variables fueron estadísticamente significativas y siguieron la dirección teórica esperada. Se concluye que la versión española de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson (2003) presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para estimar la resiliencia en desempleados españoles.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the scale of resilience CD-RISC by Connor and Davidson (2003), in its 10-item version developed by Campbell-Stills and Stein (2007), in a sample of 226 unemployed. We carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which corroborated the univariate model. Following the theoretical contributions, we proposed psychological health, psychosomatic symptoms and self-efficacy as variables to analyze the criterion validity. The correlations between the variables were statistically significant and followed the expected theoretical direction. We concluded that the Spanish 10-item version of the CDRISC by Connor and Davidson (2003) presents adequate psychometric properties to estimate resilience in Spanish unemployed.

Design specifications of ergonomic sofa through sofa makers perception: a case study in Malaysia

Development of ergonomic sofa design is a design process that has the basic framework specification and type of material that is applied on the sofa design. This is due to human consumption that is closely related to ergonomic design of this specification which will affect human physical. To achieve this goal, a survey involving 30 respondents of sofa makers was conducted to get feedback regarding the sofa design specifications. Survey questions emphasize on the basic specifications and material dimensions of sofa materials used. The results of data analysis show that the size of basic dimensions and materials is essential in designing an ergonomic sofa. The survey is very important to find out the basic specifications in the development of ergonomic design through perception of sofa maker.

Body mass index and volume of fat tissue of unemployed men in the Tuzla Canton / Índice de masa corporal y volúmen de tejido graso en hombres desempleados de Tuzla Canton

The main objective of this study was to obtain information on indicators of obesity among the unemployed male subjects from the Tuzla Canton. Also, we wanted to determine whether there are significant differences in the observed parameters between subjects in relation to age. The main criterion for the selection of test subjects is that they are unemployed. This is because we felt that those persons have more free time for practicing sports and recreational activities, and there is a very small number of studies in the area of Tuzla Canton with the characteristics of the sample. For the purpose of this research we applied analysis of percentage/ratio, t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Applied analysis showed that the increased value of Body Mass Index (BMI) and to the account of increased amounts of body fat has 31.5% of the respondents. It also found that there are significant differences in the variables Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (% FAT) and the total weight of fat mass (in kg) in the body (FATMAS-kg) in favor of the subjects belonging to the older age group. The results indicate the existence of the problem of obesity in males from Tuzla Canton, especially in the older age group. It is therefore necessary in adolescence or even earlier, to start with education and systematic practice of sports and recreational activities with respect to dietary habits.

El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener información sobre los indicadores de obesidad entre los varones desempleados en Tuzla Canton. Además, determinar si existen diferencias significativas en los parámetros observados entre los sujetos en relación con la edad. El criterio principal para la selección de los sujetos fue que se encontraran desempleados. Esto debido a que estas personas tienen más tiempo libre para la práctica de actividades deportivas y recreativas, y existe un número muy pequeño de estudios en el área de Tuzla Canton con las características de esta muestra. A los efectos de esta investigación se aplicó el análisis de porcentaje/proporción, prueba t, muestras independientes y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. El análisis aplicado mostró que el aumento del valor de índice de masa corporal (IMC) y una mayor cantidad de grasa corporal se observó en un 31,5% de los encuestados. También se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en las variables del IMC, porcentaje de grasa corporal y en el peso total de la masa de grasa (en kg) en el cuerpo en los sujetos pertenecientes al grupo de mayor edad. Los resultados indican la existencia del problema de la obesidad en los varones de Tuzla Canton, especialmente en el grupo de mayor edad. Por ello es necesario en la adolescencia, e incluso antes, comenzar con la educación y la práctica sistemática de actividades deportivas y recreativas con respecto a los hábitos alimenticios.

Sofrimento psíquico e estratégias defensivas utilizadas por desempregados:contribuições da psicodinâmica do trabalho / Psychic suffering and defensive strategies used by unemployed: contributions of the psychodynamics of work / Sufrimiento psíquico y estrategias defensivas utilizadas por los desempleados:contribuciones de la psicodinámica del trabajo

Este estudo buscou investigar as principais vivências de sofrimento experienciadas por desempregados e as formas utilizadas para minimizá-las. O tema justifica-se pela necessidade de compreensão do desemprego advindo das mudanças sociais do sistema capitalista. Para subsidiar o estudo, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito pessoas que vivenciam a situação de não trabalho pelo período de cinco meses, em média. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. Verificou-se que os participantes vivenciam mais sofrimento patogênico em detrimento do sofrimento criativo, sendo aquele relacionado à desvalorização, inutilidade e improdutividade. Para minimizar o sofrimento, os participantes buscam realizar o máximo de atividades possíveis, negando seu sofrimento. Os resultados encontrados podem servir de base para a elaboração de políticas públicas de apoio social e desenvolvimento para as pessoas que se encontram em situação de não trabalho. Sugere-se a realização de pesquisas futuras com a utilização de outras estratégias de coleta de dados.

This study aimed to investigate the main experiences of suffering experienced by the unemployed and the forms they use to minimize them. This theme is justified by the need to understand the social changes of unemployment arising from the capitalist system. To this, interviews were conducted with eight persons who experience the condition of not working for five months on average. Data analysis was performed by the Clinical Analysis of Work. It was found that participants experience more pathogenic suffering instead of creative suffering, and those is related to the devaluation, useless and unproductiveness. To minimize the pain, the participants seek to accomplish a lot of activities, denying their suffering. It is suggested the realization of other strategies of data collection.

Este estudio propone investigar las principales experiencias de sufrimiento experimentado por el desempleados y las formas utilizadas para minimizarlos. El tema se justifica por la necesidad de comprensión del desempleo derivada de los cambios sociales del sistema capitalista. Para apoyar el estudio, las entrevistas semi-estructuradas se realizaron con ocho personas que experimentan la situación no trabajó durante cinco meses promedio. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante el análisis de contenido. Se encontró que los participantes experimentan más patógeno sufrimiento a costa del sufrimiento creativo, y las relacionadas con la devaluación, inutilidad e improductivo. Para reducir al mínimo el sufrimiento, los participantes tratan de realizar actividades máximos posibles, negando su sufrimiento. Estos resultados pueden servir de base para la elaboración de políticas públicas de apoyo social y el desarrollo de las personas que están en una situación de no trabajar. Se sugiere llevar a cabo más investigaciones con otras estrategias de recolección de datos.

Psychoactive substance use by psychiatric patients in the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan: a retrospective analysis.

Background: The costs to the individual and to society of psychoactive substance use is of growing concern in Bhutan. This study aimed to assess the relation between the demographic variables of patients admitted to the National Referral Hospital for first-time detoxification and the psychoactive substances used. Methods: The demographic variables and types of psychoactive substance used by 284 substance users were reviewed. Data were collected through patients’ history sheets and admission registers, and analysed through descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and independent t test. Results: The commonest psychoactive substance used was alcohol, followed by cannabis, nitrazepam, dextropropoxyphene, glue (inhaled) and chlorphenamine/ pseudoephedrine/codeine-containing cough syrup. Only 14% of participants were aged 45 years or older. Most patients used more than one substance; the mean number of psychoactive substances used was highest among males, individuals aged 15–24 years and those who were unemployed. Conclusion: Among patients admitted for first-time detoxification, harmful use of alcohol is the most common, followed by cannabis and illicit prescription drugs. Preventive measures should be prioritized on a need-based strategy. The findings of this study indicate that some of these preventive measures should be focused on males, unemployed groups and youth, and should involve raising awareness of harmful use of substances and the services available to treat substance use disorders.

Alcohol consumption in the youth and students, mongolia 2012 / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction“Epidemiological study on prevalence of alcohol consumption, its patterns and alcohol related harms in Mongolia” was carried out in 2006 funded by the WHO as the first consolidated study involving a large scope of sampling. It confirmed that alcohol consumption and related harms became one of the most challenging social and public health problems in Mongolia. Moreover, recent studies provided some data and provided conclusions on high alcohol consumption rate in the population of Mongolia, particularly among adolescents. Alcohol drinking is the primary cause of cancers of the digestive organs, liver, esophagus and stomach in addition to the criminal rate associated with alcohol. Moreover, overconsumption of alcohol affects the human embryos. 58.4 percent of the parents of disabled children are alcohol addicts. (Psychiatric Health Department, UHS).GoalThe purpose of the survey is to study the alcohol consumption by the youth and students.Materials and MethodsA qualitative survey was carried out (focus group interviews, observations) combined with a survey of the target groups (students and youth) selected by random sampling. The target groups consist of students currently studying in universities, higher educational institutions and VTPCs and young unemployed persons aged 16-24. In total, 56 focus group interviews were carried out and 530 people were involved in the survey.ResultsI total, 530 students and young people were involved in the qualitative survey. 72.0 percent of them are the youth aged 16-24 studying in universities, higher educational institutions and VTPCs. This section explored the youth alcohol consumption by asking during the interviews questions such as for what purpose do you drink vodka, how much do you drink one time, what was the reason for your first drinking, what was your impression, where do you drink etc. The focus group interviewees were asked about the type of alcoholic beverages that their generation or peers use. Most of the survey participants started with beer, then try vodka, and then consume both vodka and other alcoholic beverages. A half of the survey participants answered that their peers started drinking alcohol when they were 16-18 and one of every three friends when they were 14- 16. 446 interviewees (84.1%) out of 530 participants have already tried vodka and other alcoholic beverages. 226 respondents (50.7%) who have already tried vodka and other alcoholic beverages consumed alcohol for the first time under peer pressures and influence during some parties or special occasions. One of every four interviewed persons (24.0%, 127) who have tried alcohol before reported that they liked vodka when they tried it first. However, 66.0 percent (350) reported not liking vodka at the first trial and 10.0 percent said they don’t know. Therefore knowledge on alcohol consumption needs to be provided since the school years. Most of the survey participants answered that they use very little alcoholic beverages per week when they were asked about the amount of alcoholic beverages that they drink per week. The majority of the participants who currently use vodka and other alcoholic beverages (56.0%, 177) disclosed that they drink in bars, restaurants and night clubs. (28.0%, 88) of the respondents visit their friends’ home to drink alcohol and (16.0%, 50) just drink on the street. By the social status of the interviewees who currently use vodka and other alcoholic beverages, the majority of the students drink in bars.Conclusions:Participants aged 16-24 who have been involved in the focus group interviews had the following knowledge and understanding about the vodka and other alcoholic beverages:1. Majority of the interviewees demonstrate a belief that alcoholic beverages mean the beverages with lower alcohol content such as beer and wine.2. According to their knowledge, “appropriate consumption” of vodka or other alcoholic beverages means the proper use of alcohols by adults.3. The respondents know that pregnant women, breast feeding mothers, disabled people, juvenile adolescents and drivers are prohibited to drink vodka or other alcoholic beverages.4. Many of the interviewees know that drinking vodka and other alcoholic beverages is legally prohibited to those who are driving.

Determining youth and student’s alcohol consumption and the knowledge and attitudes on its negative consequences / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction. “Epidemiological study on the non-infectious diseases, accident and injury causes, and relevant risk factors” has been carried out in 2009 by the PHI to determine the alcohol drinking circumstances, frequency and risk factors by gender, age and residency locations. 26.7 percent of this survey participants aged 15-24 used alcohol during the last 30 days, 21.4 percent drank alcohol during last 12 months. GIA, HD (formerly named as the NHDC) carried out the alcohol consumption survey involving 2021 students from the universities, higher educational institutions and general education schools in Ulaanbaatar in 2004. According to this survey results, it is evidenced that 61.0 percent of students use alcohol. The aforementioned surveys and studies were quantitative studies and generally focused on providing cultures and habits of the alcohol consumption. Youth understanding of the alcohols, alcohol’s negative impact and consequences, some social and other factors influencing to the youth consumption of alcohols have not been previously studied.Goal. The purpose of the survey is to study the knowledge, attitude and tendency of the youth towards alcohol and its negative impact, consequences pertaining to the alcohol consumption by the youth and students.Materials and Methods. Qualitative survey has been carried out (focus group interview, observation) and survey target groups’ (students and youth), random selection methods. Target group consists of the students currently studying at the universities, higher educational institutions and VTPCs and unemployed youth aged 16-24. Total of 56 focus group interviews were carried out and totally 530 people were involved in the survey.Results. Totally 530 students and youth were involved in this qualitative survey. 72.0 percent of them are the youth aged 16-24 studying at the universities, higher educational institutions and VTPCs. 67.0 percent (355) of total respondents involved in the survey provided negative responses for the question “in your opinion, what is the vodka”. Vodka is useless chemical substance with negative impacts on human body. Without proper consumption, it can become a poison. It can venom not only body but also the heart and soul. Generally, vodka is one type of instruments to make human beings poor.Focus group interview, 20-24 years old, Female, Orkhon provinceVery small amount of participants involved in the interview responded positively to the question “what is the vodka” - such as the best of food, fluid with 380Ñ alcohol etc. 79.0 percent (419) of the survey respondents answered that alcohol consumption rate in our country is “higher” compared to other countries indicator. A half of total survey participants (272) considered lesser consumption of alcohol for personal use means “appropriate use of alcohol”. Some participants said that it is appropriate use if vodka is served 100-300 gram or 1-3 cups of beers for one serve. Some participants defined the adults as the people aged 18- 50. Most of them said that elders shall become role model if they don’t use vodka or other alcoholicbeverages. Most of the survey participants firstly use beer, secondly - vodka, and thirdly - vodka and other alcoholic beverages. Currently unemployed youth said that their peers and friends generally use vodka. 446 interviewees out of 530 participants, which is 84.1 percent have already tried vodka and other alcoholic beverages. 226 which are 50.7 percent of these youth who have already tried vodka and other alcoholic beverages drank alcohols under peer pressure and influence during some parties or special occasions. Places of drinking vodka and other alcoholic beverages were different for unemployed youth by their gender. For instance, majority of unemployed males visit their friends’ home to drink or drink at the streets, whereas women drink only during special occasions. Some participants said that where to drink vodka or other alcoholic beverages sometimes depend on the seasons – whether it is warm or cold. Conclusions:1. The majority of the students and youth have already tried vodka and other alcoholic beverages. More than half of the survey participants drank vodka and other alcoholic beverages under other’s pressure or influence during special occasions.2. General tendency of the interviewees towards vodka and other alcoholic beverages was negative due to numerous negative phenomena related to alcohols in the society.3. Participants aged 16-24 who have been involved in the FGDs had the following knowledge and understanding about the vodka and other alcoholic beverages: Majority of the interviewees thought that alcoholic beverages mean the beverages with lower alcohol ingredients such as beer and wine.

The Development and Effect of a Group Counseling Program for Unemployed Matriarchs / 간호학회지

This study was designed to develop a program for unemployed matriarchs and show if the program affected their view on the meaning in life. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs, which is being practiced in the 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The researchers selected 44 persons from the group who agreed to our program. This study was done from the 10th of March, 1999 to the 9th of October. The researchers used the measurement tools, The Purpose in Life, Self-esteem, Hope and Meaning in Life which was composed of 63 items developed by them. Their Cronbach's alpha were .88, .79, .76 and .95. The researchers analyzed the data with frequency, percentage, Mean, S.D, Wilcoxon signed ranks test which were deduced from SPSS 10.0 WIN program. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The program is composed of 'becoming intimate', 'open-minded', 'exploration on self', 'relax of repressed emotion', 'self- acceptance', 'establishing the life-goal', 'enrichment of human relationship' and closing. It took 20 hours for this program to come into practice. 2) According to the analysis of the general traits of all subjects, average age was 39.36. High school graduates were 86%, college graduates were 14% and divorce were 57%, bereavement were 18%, and the rest were 25%. 3) The result of 1st progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 4) The result of 2nd progam showed self-esteem during the program was high. 5) The result of 3rd progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life, creative meaning, and attitudinal meaning during the program was high. 6) The result of 4th progam showed the sum scores of meaning in life and creative meaning during the program was high. On the viewpoint of above results, we convinced that 'a program for unemployed matriarch is effective to establish a stronger meaning in life. Therefore, it is demanded that support for unemployed matriarchs should not only be economic help such as technical training and help of living expenses, but also psychological, professional and systematic support.