Herbolaria migrante boliviana en un contexto periurbano del Noroeste Argentino / Herbal medicine used by Bolivian migrants in a peri-urban context in Northwest Argentina

Se estudió la herbolaria de una población migrante boliviana de un barrio de la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy (Jujuy, Argentina) que sufre notorias condiciones de vulnerabilidad social y sanitaria, así como fuertes procesos de estigmatización. Desde una aproximación etnobotánica, se realizaron entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a personas adultas. Se relevaron 89 especies medicinales empleadas para el tratamiento de 43 dolencias. Las más consensuadas fueron Matricaria chamomilla, "manzanilla" (62%) y Ruta chalepensis, "ruda" (50%). Se distinguieron cinco ambientes de recolección de plantas siendo el más importante "casa y alrededores" (46%). Gran parte de las especies seleccionadas son adaptógenas (plantas generadoras de bienestar, empleadas para el stress). La herbolaria casera parece ser una alternativa terapéutica clave de los bolivianos en Jujuy permitiéndoles a las familias sobrellevar situaciones difíciles de stress, desarraigo y discriminación. Esta información puede ser útil para las instituciones de salud con el fin de mejorar la atención y el diagnóstico en situaciones de incertidumbre.

A study was undertaken of the herbolarium of a migrant Bolivian population living in San Salvador de Jujuy (Jujuy, Argentina) in conditions of marked social and health vulnerability; they also suffer strong stigmatization processes. Using an ethnobotanical approach, open and semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults. A total of 89 medicinal species were recorded, which were used to treat 43 ailments. The plants with the highest consensus were Matricaria chamomilla, "manzanilla" (chamomile) (62%) and Ruta chalepensis, "ruda" (50%). Five plant resource gathering environments were identified, the most important being "dwelling and surroundings" (46%). A large proportion of the plant species selected are adaptogens (plants that generate wellbeing, used to deal with stress). Home prepared herbal medicine appears to be a key therapeutic option for Bolivians in Jujuy, enabling families to endure difficult situations associated with stress, separation from family roots, and discrimination. This information can be of use to health institutions, with the aim of improving care and diagnosis in situations of uncertainty.

Plantas medicinales comercializadas en la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy (Argentina) y su calidad botánica / Medicinal plants traded in San Salvador de Jujuy city (Argentina) and its botanical quality

Doce especies medicinales (Matricaria chamomilla, Senna alexandrina, Equisetum giganteum, Tilia cordata, Valeriana officinalis, Malva sylvestris, Illicium verum, Peumus boldus, Picrasma excelsa, Borago officinalis, Passiflora caerulea y Baccharis articulata), las más comercializadas en la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy, fueron evaluadas según sus modos de comercialización, su calidad botánica, sus usos y rol en la medicina urbana. Se relevaron 31 sitios de expendio para la obtención de muestras representativas, posteriormente se realizó un análisis macroscópico, y en complementación, una indagación bibliográfica. Los resultados indicaron que estas especies son comercializadas incumpliendo normativas vigentes de presentación y rótulo. La mitad de las muestras evidencian signos de adulteración. Si bien estas especies son de amplia difusión y consumo, en pocas sus usos han sido validados por la literatura etnofarmacológica. Se concluye que esto podría generar un descreimiento en la fitoterapia.

Twelve medicinal species (Matricaria chamomilla, Senna alexandrina, Equisetum giganteum, Tilia cordata, Valeriana officinalis, Malva sylvestris, Illicium verum, Peumus boldus, Picrasma excelsa, Borago officinalis, Passiflora caerulea and Baccharis articulata), the most sold in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy, were evaluated according to general aspects of marketing, its botanical quality, its uses and role in urban medicine. . We have performed an urban inquiry in 31 sites of commercialization to obtain representative samples, then plants were analyzed by morphological and micrographic methods, and bibliographical research. The results have indicated that the presentation and labels of plants packages are marketed in inappropriate way in relation to national regulations. Half of the samples show signs of adulteration. Although these species are highly consumed by the people, few have been validated by ethno-pharmacological literature. We conclude that this situation could lead to discredit to phytoterapy.

Sale of medicinal herbs in pharmacies and herbal stores in Hurlingham district, Buenos Aires, Argentina

In this paper, the sale of medicinal plants was described in the urban city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists and herb store owners about different characteristics of retail. Likewise, different types of retailers were compared, and the phytomedicine degree of acceptance was consulted. The percentage of customers who buy medicinal plants in herb stores is higher than in pharmacies. The five most demanded species were: "malva" (Malva sp.), 18%; "manzanilla" (Matricaria recutita), 13%; "tilo" (Tilia sp.), 12%; "cuasia" (Picrasma crenata), 8%; and "boldo" (Peumus boldus), 7%. In like manner, the most demanded mixes of species were those that had slimming properties, 21%; digestive, 17%; sedative and diuretic, 13%. Of the 32 most frequently requested species, only 13 are native. Phytomedicines were widely accepted in the different kinds of retail stores. It was also emphasized that, contrary to the usual assumption, the choice to consume plants is cultural rather than economic. Due to the acceptance observed in the use of phytomedicines, it must be emphasized the potential that Argentina possesses for the development of this industry.

Del marco tradicional al escenario urbano: plantas ancestrales devenidas suplementos dietéticos en la conurbación Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina / From traditional frame to urban scenario: Ancient plants became dietary supplementsin conurbation Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina

This paper includes partial results of a research in urban Ethnobotany at the conurbation Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina. Five species with medicinal and food traditional uses, which are commercialized as dietary supplements were studied: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae), Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae), Plukenetia volubilis L. (Euphorbiaceae) y Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Engl.) H.Rob. (Asteraceae). The analysis of the circulation of these products contributes to the understanding of local botanical knowledge, that includes nontraditional components and others linked to the traditions of two immigrant groups: Bolivian and Chinese. The products recently entered the commercial circuit where they are considered as nutraceuticals and adaptogens. Traditional uses of these plants, their properties claimed in pluricultural urban context as well as the scientifically studied ones were compared. Thus, modifications in the original uses as a result of the expansion of the products in the nontraditional commercial context were evaluated.

Este trabajo comprende resultados parciales de una investigación en Etnobotánica urbana en la conurbación Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina. Se estudiaron cinco especies con usos medicinales y alimentarios tradicionales, comercializadas como suplementos dietéticos: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Arecaceae), Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae), Plukenetia volubilis L. (Euphorbiaceae) y Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Engl.) H.Rob. (Asteraceae). Al analizar la circulación de los productos se aporta a la comprensión del conocimiento botánico local, con sus componentes no tradicionales y ligados a las tradiciones de dos grupos de inmigrantes: bolivianos y chinos. Los productos ingresaron recientemente en el circuito comercial, donde se consideran nutracéuticos y adaptógenos. Se comparan los usos tradicionales de las plantas, las propiedades difundidas en el contexto pluricultural urbano y las científicamente estudiadas. De este modo, se evaluaron las modificaciones de los usos originales, como resultado de la expansión de los productos en el contexto comercial no tradicional.

Leguminosas medicinales y alimenticias utilizadas en la conurbación Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina / Medicinal and alimentary legumes utilized in the conurbation Buenos Aires-La Plata, Argentina

This contribution includes the results of a study within Urban Ethnobotany about those Legumes employed with medicinal and food purposes in the biggest conurbation of Argentina: Greater Buenos Aires-Greater La Plata. Plants, parts of them and derived products were evaluated. Products that circulate in diverse shops of the area correspond to 32 taxa. Those are catalogued as products with generalized diffusion (present in the general commercial circuit), restricted diffusion (restricted to groups of Bolivian and Asians immigrants taken as reference) and expanding diffusion (species which products are passing from restricted to general circuit, from their access in health stores called “dietéticas”). Besides, the paper includes 35 taxa native and adventitious in the area, that have been recorded as food and medicine, and 36 taxa cultivated as ornamental, that are employed in other regions –but not in the study area– with therapeutic and food purposes. These results contribute to the definition of urban botanical knowledge here presented, as a complex corpus that includes traditional and non traditional components. Likewise, they contribute to the study of the dynamics of this knowledge, expressed by those plant products that are in expansion in the commercial circuit.

Este trabajo incluye los resultados de un estudio de Etnobotánica urbana sobre las Leguminosas utilizadas con fines medicinales y alimentarios en la mayor conurbación de la Argentina, que comprende el Gran Buenos Aires y el Gran La Plata. Se evaluaron plantas, partes de las mismas y productos obtenidos a partir de ellas. A 32 taxones corresponden productos que circulan en diversos comercios del área, catalogados como de difusión generalizada (circuito comercial general), restringida (a grupos de inmigrantes bolivianos y asiáticos tomados como referencia) y en expansión (especies cuyos productos pasan del circuito restringido al general, a partir de su ingreso en los comercios llamados “dietéticas”). Además, se incluyen 35 taxones nativos y adventicios del área con registro de usos terapéuticos y alimentarios; y 36 taxones cultivados como ornamentales, empleados en otras regiones para la alimentación y con fines medicinales, pero no utilizados en el área. Estos resultados contribuyen a la definición de conocimiento botánico urbano aquí presentada, en tanto conjunto complejo que incluye componentes tradicionales y no tradicionales; asimismo, aportan al estudio de la dinámica de dicho conocimiento, que se expresa en los productos vegetales que se hallan en expansión dentro el circuito comercial.