ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss outcome and safety after implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) protocols to patients who underwent robotic assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal orthotopic "U" shaped ileal neobladder creation using STAPLER technique.Methods Between October 2014 and April 2019,71 patients(59 males and 12 females)with MIBC (Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer) who underwent RARC with intracorporeal urinary diversion using orthotopic "U" shaped ileal neobladder in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College) were studied retrospectively.They had an average age of (65.2 ± 5.6)y and BMI of (22.18 ± 3.75) kg/m2.The median age-adjusted charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) was 4,median ASA score was 2.All patients underwent these inspections pre-RARC:chest Xray,vascular ultrasound (jugular vein included),abdominal ultrasound,CT urography,cystoscopy with biopsy or TURBT(trans-urethral resection of a bladder tumour).All patients were pathological diagnosed with MIBC,with no evidence of systemic metastasis and no history of radiotherapy,systemic chemotherapy and open abdominal surgery before RARC.All 71 patients received RARC with intracorporeal orthotopic "U" shaped ileal neobladder creation using STAPLER technique.Between October 2014 and September 2016,37 cases (29 males and 8 females) were managed without ERAS protocols perioperatively.They had an average age of (65.3 ±5.7)y and BMI of (23.66 ± 3.47)kg/m2.The median aCCI was 4,median ASA score was 2.Between October 2016 and April 2019,another group of 34 cases (30 males and 4 females) were managed with ERAS protocols including nutritional assessment,thrombosis prevention,pain assessment and management,perioperative diet management etc.They had an average age of (64.5 ± 4.3) y and BMI of (21.87 ± 4.85) kg/m2.The median aCCI was 4,median ASA score was 2.There were no statistical significance between the two groups with regard to general information.Surgical and follow-up data were collected for all patients.Results Surgeries were successful in all 71 cases with postoperative follow up for 3-51 months.In ERAS group,there were 22 cases in pT2 and 12 cases pT3 according to classification of malignant tumours:with 2 cases of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa).In non-ERAS group,pT2 in 25 cases and pT3 in 12 cases:with 1 case of IPCa.Statistical significance were observed between groups with regard to the first anal exhaust time [(20.5 ± 18.7) h vs.(29.9 ± 17.4)h,P =0.032],the first defecation time [(72.6 ±27.1)h vs.(88.7 ±35.8)h,P =0.004],length of hospital stay after surgey [(14.1 ± 3.3) d vs.(16.2 ± 4.8) d,P =0.037],numeric rating scales (NRS) Pain Score 8.0,24.0,48.0 h after surgery [(3.2 ±0.5)vs.(3.6 ±0.8),P =0.015;(1.9 ±0.3) vs.(2.2 ± 0.6),P =0.011;(1.3 ± 0.4) vs.(1.6 ± 0.7),P =0.032],respectively.There were no significance between groups with regard to operating time [(290 ± 65) min vs.(282 ± 46) min,P =O.549],intraoperative blood loss [(190.5 ± 235.6) ml vs.(221.1 ± 250.3) ml,P =0.438],transfusion rate [5.9％ (2/34) vs.8.1％ (3/37),P =0.922],readmission within 30 days after surgery [2.9％ (1/34) vs.5.4％ (2/37),P =0.940],early severe complications(within 30 days) [2.9％ (1/34) vs.2.7％ (1/37),P =0.940],late severe complications (after 30 days) [5.9％ (2/34) vs.8.1％ (3/37),P =0.922].Conclusions The implementation of ERAS protocols to patients who underwent RARC with intracorporeal orthotopic "U" shaped ileal neobladder using STAPLER technique is safe and effective.It can reduce postoperative pain and hospital stay,shorten bowel recovery time,improve early functional recovery without increasing major complications.This adoption should be encouraged.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>Background</b>Robot-assisted/laparoscopic intracorporeal ileal conduit (ICIC) has been reported in many experienced centers. Whether laparoscopic ICIC is superior to extracorporeal ileal conduit (ECIC) and whether laparoscopic ICIC should be promoted is still controversial. The aim of the study was to compare surgical and early oncological outcomes between patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with ICIC and ECIC.</p><p><b>Methods</b>From January 2011 to June 2016, a total of 45 patients with bladder cancer underwent LRC with ileal conduit at our department, of whom 20 patients underwent LRC with ECIC and 25 patients underwent LRC with ICIC. Data of each patient's characteristics, surgical outcomes, and short-term oncological outcomes were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>Results</b>LRC with ileal conduit was performed successfully on all 45 patients. There were no significant differences in patients' characteristics, mean total operative time, and mean estimated blood loss between the ICIC and ECIC groups. Median time of flatus and oral intake was shorter in the ICIC group compared with the ECIC group (3 vs. 5 days, P = 0.035; 4 vs. 5 days, P = 0.002). The complications rates did not show significant difference between the two groups within the first 90 days postoperatively (P = 0.538). Cancer staging showed 45% of patients in the ECIC group and 36% in the ICIC group had a pathologic stage of T3 or T4, and 50% of patients in the ECIC group and 44% in the ICIC group had a pathologic stage of N1 or N1+. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in overall survival at 24 months (60% vs. 62%, P = 0.857) between the ECIC and ICIC groups.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>ICIC after LRC may be successful with the benefits of faster recovery time. No significant difference was found in complications and oncological outcomes between ICIC and ECIC. However, larger series with longer follow-up are needed to validate this procedure.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cystectomy , Methods , Laparoscopy , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder , General Surgery , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , General Surgery , Urinary Diversion , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the surgical skills of pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder.Methods From October 2014 to September 2016,37 patients with locally advanced bladder cancer(cT2-3 N0-2 Mo)were diagnosed,including 29 males and 8 females,Their age ranged from 52 to 71 years old.According to preoperative cystoscopy,pathological diagnosis and bladder enhanced CT and other examination,25 patients were staged as cT2,12 cases were staged as cT3.25 cases of them were primary tumors,who underwent pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy and Endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shape ileal neobladder reconstruction.First,bilateral lymph nodes were dissected.And the ureter was explored and dissected to the outer wall of the bladder.Then,we ligated the superior artery of bladder and expose the seminal vesicle,vas deferent duct.The DV fascia was opened to expose the posterior wall of prostate.Incise was performed along the both sides of the bladder and prostate fascia to maintain the vascular nerve bundle until the tip of prostate.The urethra was cut off and then the bladder was remove.We used Endo-GIA to cut 30-35 cm ileum and construct U-shaped bladder.The anastomosis between ureter and neo-bladder and the anastomosis between urethra and neo-bladder were performed.Perioperative and followup data were collected.Results The surgeries were successful in all 37 cases.The operation time ranged from 245 to 335 min,mean (285 ± 37) min.The mean intraoperative blood loss was (187 ± 56) ml (ranging 90-300 ml).The average postoperative hospital stay was (17 ± 2)days (ranging 15-20 days).Postoperative intestinal function recovery time ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 days,mean (1.7 ± 0.4) days.Surgical margins were all negative.Lymph node positive rate was 21.6％ (8/37).After 1 nonth,22 cases achieved complete continence.After 3 months,35 cases get fully self-control urination,8 cases have noctual incontinence.Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months,no recurrence or distant metastasis was found in this study.After 6 months,cystoscopy showed no obvious formation of bladder stones.Neo-bladder capacity ranged from 270 to 350 ml.The urodynamic examination showed bladder pressure was maintained between 19 and 25cm H2O.Conclusions Pure robotic-assisted radical cystectomy can achieve better bladder resection,better remaining of urethral and neurovascular bundles and good control of urinary continence after operation.Endo-GIA assisted orthotopic U-shaped ileal bladder need shorter intestinal tract and cause less influence to the intestinal function.The neo-bladder shape is more regular,simple doing,earn shorter operation duration,less bleeding,quick recovery,which is a safe and effective surgical approach.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare clinical and urodynamic parameters among patients undergoing orthotopic neobladder substitution with ileal segment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 2015 orthotopic bladder replacement with an ileal segment was performed 158 patients. All data were recorded retrospectively from medical records. For neobladder function, at 1-year follow-up we checked abdominal computed tomography, voiding cystourethrography, and voiding diary. Twenty-eight patients underwent urodynamic evaluation. Urodynamic data were divided into 4 groups based on follow-up duration. Preoperative (17 patients), 6 months (24 patients), 1–5 years (20 patients) and above 5 years (15 patients) after surgery evaluations were performed by urodynamic study. RESULTS: All patients were men. Mean age is 61.7 years (range, 40–72 years). Mean follow-up period is 86.7 months (range, 7–182 months). Maximum bladder capacity, maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet), and maximum urethral closure pressure improve over the time. Maximum flow rate (Qmax) is constant during the follow-up. There was vesico-ureteric reflux during voiding in 5 renal units. At day time, 23 of 28 substitution patients were completely continent. Thirteen of 28 substitutions have night time continence. Of neobladder-related complications, the most common was acute pyelonephritis. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term functional outcomes with the ileal neobladder have acceptable. The urodynamic parameters without Qmax tended to improve with the lapse of time. However, the number of patients in each group was relatively small in comparison to the numbers of orthotopic diversion. Our results support the good functional outcomes of radical cystectomy with Studer ileal neobladder.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cystectomy , Follow-Up Studies , Medical Records , Pyelonephritis , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , UrodynamicsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: To audit the survival outcomes and loco‑regional control in muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2008 through December 2011, 50 consecutively diagnosed muscle invasive urinary bladder carcinoma (T2‑4a N0‑2, M0) patients were included in this retrospective study. All these patients received external beam RT to a median dose of 60 Gy (range 30‑66 Gy), and were not suitable for radical surgery due to patients’ preference or medical comorbidities. A stepwise procedure using proportional hazard regression was used to identify prognostic factors with respect to survival. RESULTS: Completion trans‑urethral resection of bladder tumor was done in 38 (76%) patients of the cohort and 47 (94%) had transitional cell carcinoma on histopathology. Clinical stage T2 was diagnosed in 40 (80%) patients. The median follow‑up for the entire cohort was 14 ± 8.9 months (range 1‑36 months). In conclusion, 24 patients (48%) were free of disease, 5 patients (10%) had residual disease, and 13 patients (26%) had died of disease. Two‑year and 3 year overall survival of intact bladder for the entire cohort was 58% and 43.6%, respectively. Cox regression modeling strongly suggested clinical stage (P = 0.01) and RT dose (P = 0.001) as being predictors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: RT shows reliable outcomes and excellent compliance in this advanced disease. Prescribing a higher RT dose could potentially correlate to better intact bladder control rates while maintaining good quality of life in selected patients.
ABSTRACT
Metastatic bladder cancer is generally incurable, with a median survival of 14 to 15 months under a modern chemotherapy regimen. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy, including the combination regimens methotrexate-vinblastine-doxorubicin-cisplatin and gemcitabine-cisplatin, are the standard first-line therapy. Despite response rates of 40% to 60% achieved, most patients' cancers progress after about 8 months. Second-line single agents have only marginal efficacy after cisplatin-based treatment failure, with objective response rates of 5% to 20% and a median progression-free survival of only 3 to 4 months. Moreover, there is little evidence that second-line systemic treatment can substantially improve overall survival or quality of life. Agents targeting growth, survival, and proliferation pathways have been added to cytotoxic therapy with limited added benefits to date. Drugs that modulate the host immune response to cancer-associated antigens, including immunologic checkpoint blockade by antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1 or its ligands, appear promising, and multiple new therapeutic approaches are being pursued. In addition, the receptor tyrosine kinase/Ras pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway represent potential therapeutic targets for advanced disease, and novel agents are in development.
Subject(s)
Antibodies , Cell Death , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Therapy , Ligands , Neoplasm Metastasis , Phosphatidylinositols , Phosphotransferases , Quality of Life , Sirolimus , Treatment Failure , Tyrosine , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
The treatment of high grade T1 bladder cancer remains controversial because of the particularly high risk of recurrence and progression. The purpose of this study was to compare the oncological outcomes of radical cystectomy and a bladder preservation approach using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables. Among 688 transurethral resections of bladder tumors for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer conducted between 2000 and 2010, 102 patients who had a history of high grade T1 were included. All patients were treated by transurethral resection with additional intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and 33 patients were treated with deferred radical cystectomy. The risk classifications for tumor recurrence, and progression and survival rates were calculated using the EORTC risk tables. At a follow-up between 48 and 164 months (mean 90.1 months), 53 patients recurred, 34 patients progressed, and 18 patients died. In high grade T1 patients, the probability of progression was 15% in patients in the high risk group and 57% in patients with highest risk at 5 years. The bladder cancer specific survival was 95% in high risk patients and 88% in patients at highest risk at 5 years. High grade T1 bladder cancers are heterogeneous in nature, which complicates treatment decisions. Patients in the highest risk group in EORTC risk tables have different feasible treatment options including early cystectomy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacillus , Classification , Cystectomy , Follow-Up Studies , Organ Preservation , Recurrence , Survival Rate , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
It is retrospective and hospital based case control study which was conducted in the federal city of Islamabad in Pakistan in order to assess the risk factors of the urinary bladder cancer. This study was based on the 100 controls and 50 cases comprising 150 subjects which were selected for interview from the two hospitals and required information like gender, age, smoking habits, family history of cancer, etc., was achieved. Both the descriptive and analytical approaches were used to find out the dominating risk factors of the disease. Odds ratios and 95 % Confidence Intervals were obtained for analytical purpose by using the binary logistic regression model. Three factors including cigarette smoking, source of drinking water and fried items were found to be significant having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of (17.158, 6.244- 47.147), (0.192, 0.061- 0.603) and (12.206, 3.291- 45.275), respectively. The study revealed that cigarette smoking, consumption of tap water and high use of fried items increases the risk of developing bladder cancer. On the other hand, the use of government provided for drinking purpose is a protection against the urinary bladder cancer as compared to tap water.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. It is the seventh most commonmalignancy in men and seventeenth in women. UBC tends to occur most commonly in individuals over 65 orolder men and the male to female ratio are 3:1. The vast majority (over 90%) of bladder cancers are transitionalcell or urothelial carcinoma. Many experts did favor the 1998 World Health Organization/international Societyof Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) formulation for urothelial neoplasm. The 2004 WHO had accepted thenomenclature used in 1998, the system is currently used in countries of the world. Histology is the gold standardof typing, grading and staging to determine prognosis of the disease and process tactics of treatment. This newclassification system is not been introduced in our country yet, so UBCs are still formulated with the WHO 1973system. And there are no noted studies for UBC yet in Mongolia, these reasons were the background to determinethe UBC pathology with international classification system and nature of UBC in Mongolians.OBJECTIVE: To classify urinary bladder cancer occurred in Mongolia with the current histological classification and determinesspecific characters of pathology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we evaluated 138 patients with UBC diagnosed in Urological department of Central UniversityHospital, biopsy materials of these patients are classified with WHO/ISUP(2004) and results were analyzed.RESULT: Of the 108 patients with urinary bladder tumor, 2 patients (2%) were diagnosed with papilloma, 13 patients (12%)with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, 93 patients (86%) diagnosed with UC. Of 93 patientswith bladder carcinoma, majority of patients (91/98%) were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma, 2 patients (2%)were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. 74 (79.5%) of study patients were male, 19 (20.5%) were female and themale to female ratio was 3.9:1. Older man (over 50) was 65 (88%). Of UC (91), 1(1%) was carcinoma in situ,38 (42%) low grade papillary carcinoma, 33 (36%) high grade papillary carcinoma, 19 (21%) were no papillaryurothelial carcinoma. Of bladder carcinoma (93), 29 (31%) were superficial cancer (pTa, pTis), 58 (62%) wereinvasive cancer (pT₁₋₄).CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder cancer is in the majority in urinary bladder tumor in our country and transitional cell or urothelialcarcinoma compresses 98%. The male to female ratio in patients with bladder carcinoma is 3.9:1, older men over50 years are overweening affected.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the feasibility of nuclear matrix protein 22(NMP22)and urinary bladder cancer,antigen (UBC) for the early diagnosis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its influencing factors.Methotis 105 subjects,including 60 patients of bladder cancer,25 patients of urological benign disease and 20 normal (healthy)individuals were enrolled in this study.Urine NMP22 and UBC wag assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Urine NMP22 and UBC as well as exfoliocytology were conducted for the purpose to compare the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of these three ways.Results The sensitivity of NMP22(88.3%)and UBC(86.7%)were significantly better than exfolioeytology(40.0%,P<0.01).The specificity of NMP22,UBC and exfoliocytology were 80.0%,84.0%and 92.0%,respectively, the positive predictive values were 91.4%,92.9%and 92.3%,and the negative predictive values were 74.1%.72.4%and 38.9%.Conclusions NMP22 and UBC are sensitive,specific,simple,feasible and noninvasive diagnostic markers for the early detection of urinary bladder transitional cell cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Presentamos un abordaje quirúrgico para el manejo de pacientes con carcinoma vesical en candidatos a cirugía radical, buscando reunir los beneficios de la cirugía abierta tradicional, con las ventajas de la técnica laparoscópica. Material y Método: Se presenta una serie inicial de 5 pacientes de sexo masculino, llevados a cistoprostatectomía radical laparoscópica (CPRL) con confección extracorpórea de neovejiga ortotópica entre junio y septiembre de 2002. La edad promedio fue 50.6 años (rango: 29 a 70 años). La indicación quirúrgica fue carcinoma vesical infiltrante en cuatro de los cinco pacientes, uno de ellos previamente tratado con radioterapia. La técnica quirúrgica se presenta en 3 pasos. En el primero se realiza la linfadenectomía pelviana bilateral y la cistoprostatectomía radical (CPR) por laparoscopía; la segunda parte esta representada por la confección de la neovejiga, realizada completamente extracorpórea, y el tercer paso es la anastomosis uretra-neovejiga, desarrollada con técnica laparoscópica. Resultados: La técnica fue reproducida en los 5 pacientes. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 5.4 horas (rango: 4.5-7 horas). El sangrado promedio fue 410 ml (rango: 200-800 ml). Ninguno de los pacientes requirió transfusión sanguínea. El tiempo de hospitalización total varió entre 5 y 12 días, con un promedio de 6.8 días. Conclusión: La CPR puede realizarse completamente con técnica laparoscópica cuando se dispone de un adecuado entrenamiento laparoscópico. Con la técnica combinada que desarrollamos, la parte más complicada de la cirugía, representada por la elaboración de la neovejiga y el neoimplante ureteral, se realiza de forma convencional, haciendo que esta técnica sea totalmente reproducible.
Objective: We present our preliminary experience with laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy and continent orthotopic neobladder performed extracorporeally. We believe that this surgical approach combines the advantages of minimally invasive laparoscopy with the speed and safety of open surgery. Material and Method: Between June and September 2002, 5 male patients underwent to laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy and continent orthotopic neobladder performed extracorporeally. Average age was 50.6 years (range: 29-70). The operative indication was muscle-invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder in 4 patients. One of these 4 patients was previously treated with radiotherapy. Our technique has 3 steps. Cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissections are performed laparoscopically using five ports by a transperitoneal approach. We remove the surgical specimens through a 5 cm infraumbilical incision and through the same incision an ileal loop is extracted from the abdominal cavity, isolated, detubularized and neobladder is reconfigured. Finally, urethro-neobladder anastomosis is formed with laparoscopic technique. Results: Surgical technique was reproduced in all 5 patients. Mean operative time was 5.4 hours (range: 4.5-7). Mean blood loss was 410 ml (range: 200-800) and not transfusion was indicated. Mean hospital stay was 6.8 days (range: 5-12). Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is feasible when surgical team has experience in laparoscopic surgery. The most technically demanding steps of the procedure are neobladder confection and ureteral neoimplante, which are performed extracorporeally. We believe that with our combined approach, this technique is completely reproducible.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the various mechanisms o f invasion in urinary bladder cancer. Methods The cloni ng efficiency and activity of adhesion of basement membrane were analysed. The f luidity of the membrane and the expression of E-cadherin, and MMP-2, and CD44 were carried out by fluorescence polarization, immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry. Results The cloning efficiency of BLX and B LZ was 6.0% and 3.0% in soft agar, respectively. The colony of BLS was n ot formed in soft agar. The fluidity of the membrane was different in the three cell lines. The expressions of E-cadherin and CD44 in BLS and BLZ were greater than that in BLX cell line. Significant difference in MMP-2 was not found in th e three cell lines. Conclusion The research suggests that d ifference in fluidity of the membrane and expression of CD44 may play an importa nt role in invasion of urinary bladder cancer.