ABSTRACT
Introducción: La lámpara de fotocurado, que utiliza diodos emisores de luz (LED), se emplea en odontología para la conversión polimérica de los materiales de restauración dental. Se ha comunicado que una intensidad lumínica inadecuada de la lámpara no aseguraría la correcta polimerización del material de restauración. Objetivo: Determinar la intensidad lumínica de las lámparas de fotocurado LED en consultorios odontológicos de la ciudad de Piura, Perú, 2020. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo. Se midió la intensidad lumínica en 70 lámparas de fotocurado LED, usando un radiómetro con una longitud de onda de 400-500 nm, con capacidad de medida de la intensidad lumínica de hasta 3500 mw/cm2. Por debajo de los 400 mw/cm2 indica intensidad baja, de 400 a 800 mw/cm2 intensidad media, de 800 a 1200 mw/cm2 intensidad alta y por encima de los 1200 mw/cm2 indica intensidad muy alta. Resultados: El 48,5 por ciento de las lámparas analizadas presentaban intensidad media, el 22,86 por ciento intensidad alta, mientras que el 15,71 por ciento intensidad baja y finalmente el 12,86 por ciento de las lámparas presentaban intensidad muy alta. Se reportó menor frecuencia de lámparas con mayor uso clínico. Conclusiones: Las lámparas de fotocurado LED, utilizadas en los consultorios dentales de la provincia de Piura durante el 2020, emiten una intensidad lumínica promedio de 778,14 mW/cm2, equivalente a la intensidad media(AU)
Introduction: Light curing lamps that use light-emitting diodes (LED) are used in dentistry for the polymeric conversion of dental restorative materials. It has been reported that inadequate light intensity in the lamp would not ensure the appropriate polymerization of restorative materials. Objective: Determine the output intensity of LED light curing units used in dental offices of the city of Piura, Peru, in the year 2020. Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted. Measurements were taken of the light output of 70 LED light curing lamps using a radiometer with a wavelength of 400-500 nm and a light intensity measurement capacity of up to 3 500 mw/cm2. Intensity below 400 mw/cm2 was recorded as low, from 400 to 800 mw/cm2 as medium, from 800 a 1 200 mw/cm2 as high and above 1 200 mw/cm2 as very high. Results: Intensity was medium in 48.5 percent of the lamps analyzed, high in 22.86 percent, low in 15.71 percent and very high in 12.86 percent. A lower frequency of lamps with greater clinical use was reported. Conclusions: The LED light curing lamps used in dental offices of the province of Piura during the year 2020 emit an average output intensity of 778.14 mW/cm2, which corresponds to medium intensity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Offices/methods , Polymerization , Light , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Dental Materials/therapeutic use , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Verificou-se a ocorrência de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas e estimou-se o prazo de validade comercial de filés de pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) com pele, durante estocagem em refrigeração por meio da quantificação de microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios psicrotróficos e análises físico-químicas para determinação do pH e detecção de amônia e gás sulfídrico. Foram utilizadas 45 amostras de filé de pintado, com aproximadamente 100 gramas cada, embaladas individualmente em polietileno de alta densidade e armazenadas em câmara frigorífica entre 0ºC e 3ºC. A cada dois a três dias de estocagem, três unidades de filés foram submetidas a análises microbiológicas e físico-químicas, totalizando 15 análises durante o período de estocagem. As contagens de Aeromonas sp. e microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios psicrotróficos variaram de 1,89 a 9,47logUFC/g e 0 a 6,54logUFC/g, respectivamente. A variação do pH foi de 6,20 a 6,97, e as análises de amônia e gás sulfídrico foram negativas durante todo o período. O pH dos filés de pintado atingiu o limite máximo de 6,4 aos 23 dias de estocagem, e estimou-se o seu prazo de validade comercial.
This word studied the occurrence of bacteria from genus Aeromonas and estimate the shelf life of "pintado" fish fillets (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), during cold storage, through the quantification of psychrotrophic aerobic microorganisms, physical and chemical analyses for presence of ammonia and gas sulphide (H2S) and pH as used in 45 samples of "pintado" fillets with approximately 100 grams each, individually packed in high density polyethylene and stored in cold storage (0ºC to 3ºC). Every 2-3 days of storage, 3 units of fillets were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical analysis for a total of 15 days during the storage period. The Aeromonas sp. and psychrotrophic microorganisms count varied from 1.89 to 9.47logCFU/g and 0 to 6.54logCFU/g, respectively. The pH variation was from 6.20 to 6.97 and ammonia and H2S analyses were negative during the whole period. According under Brazilian legislation (Brazil, 1981) estimated the commercial shelf life of "pintado" fillets being 23 days when the pH reached a value of 6.4. The pH of the "pintado" fillets reached the maximum limit of 6.4 at 23 days of storage, being its estimated commercial shelf life.
ABSTRACT
In this paper the method of TQC was used to analyze various factors that effect drug quality in hospital pharmacy. In order to raise clinic safety and use drugs reasonably and effectively, the corresponding tactics were taken for the related problems that influence drug quality. Thus, scientific management of drugs, improvement of preparation quality, decrease of consume, and increasing income and sparing expenses were attained.