Investigation of ametropia in primary school students from first to third grade in Kashgar city / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the differences in ametropia among school-age children and between Han and Uygur ethnic groups in the main urban area of Kashgar, and to understand the epidemiological characteristics of myopia among children in Kashgar.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Random stratified sampling method was used to select the first to third grade students from 6 primary schools in the main urban areas of Kashgar, Xinjiang, from April to June 2018.Visual acuity was examined by the international standard visual acuity chart and refraction was detected by the automatic computer refractometer without cycloplegia.The subjects were classified into low vision (uncorrected visual acuity<0.8 in either eye), hyperopia≥2.00 D, myopia≥-1.00 D, astigmatism≥1.00 D and anisometropia≥1.00 D according to examination results.The percentage of different refraction states and percentage of different ethnic groups among myopic students in the three grades were analyzed.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First People's Hospital in Kashgar ([2021] QSY No.81).Results:A total of 6 108 students were enrolled, among which, there were 3 119 males and 2 989 females, 3 395 Uygur and 2 713 Han people, 2 016 first grade, 2 155 second grade and 1 937 third grade students.The detection rate of low vision was 13.5% (825/6 108) in the whole, 21.5% (584/2 713) in the Han people and 7.1% (241/3 395) in the Uygur people, 8.8% (176/2 016) in the first grade, 11.8% (254/2 155) in the second grade and 20.4% (395/1 937) in the third grade.The detection rate of myopia was 9.9% (606/6 108) in the whole, 17.6% (477/2 713) in the Han people and 3.8% (129/3 395) in the Uygur people, 4.4% (89/2 016) in the first grade, 8.1% (174/2 155) in the second grade and 17.7% (343/1 937) in the third grade.There were significant differences in percentage of low vision, myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia among different grades and between the two nationalities (all at P<0.001), and no significant difference in the percentage of hyperopia was found (P>0.05).Conclusions:The percentage of visual abnormalities and myopia in the first to third grade children in Kashgar is lower than the national average, but the percentage is gradually increasing with age.The percentage of visual abnormalities and myopia among Han pupils is close to the national average, and far higher than that of Uygur pupils.

Sex Recognition of Skulls in Chinese Uygur / 法医学杂志

Objective Logistic regression method was used to establish a multiple regression sex discriminant function to discriminate the complete skull model and the incomplete skull model without frontal bone, occipital bone and mandible of Uygur adults in Turpan, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 117 （60 male and 57 female） three-dimensional skull models were collected by CT. Sixteen cranial measurement indexes were measured and calculated by computer software. The multivariate regression sex discriminant function was established with Logistic regression method and retrospectively tested. Results Among the 16 measurement indexes, except for nose width （x7） and maximum frontal breadth （x13）, the remaining 14 indexes had statistical significance of differences between male and female （P<0.05）. For the discriminant function of complete skull established by eyebrow arch convexity （x4）, mastoid width （x6）, maximum cranial length （x12）, cranial base length （x15）, cranial circumference （x16）, the male and female discrimination accuracy was 90.0% and 94.7%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without frontal bone established by mandibular angle width （x10）, mandibular height （x11） and cranial circumference （x16）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 85.0% and 84.2%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without occipital bone established by the index of eyebrow arch convexity （x4）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 80.0% and 73.7%, respectively. For the sex discriminant function of incomplete skull without mandible established by frontal chord （x5） and occipital protrusion angle （x9）, the discrimination accuracy of male and female was 85.0% and 78.9%, respectively. Conclusion The computer software and system developed in our study can achieve sex discrimination of complete skulls and incomplete skulls without frontal bone, occipital bone or mandible.

Regression Algorithm of Bone Age Estimation of Knee-joint Based on Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine / 法医学杂志

Objective To establish a regression algorithm model that applies to bone age estimation of Xinjiang Uygur adolescents with machine learning methods such as histogram of oriented gradient （HOG）, local binary patterns （LBP）, support vector machine （SVM）, principal component analysis （PCA）. Methods DR images of knee-joints from 275 male and 225 female subjects aged 12.0-<19.0 years old were collected, PCA method was used to reduce the dimensionality of the HOG and LBP features, and support vector regression （SVR） was used to establish a knee-joint bone age estimation algorithm model. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 215 male samples, 180 female samples for the model training set. K-fold cross validation method was used to optimize parameters of the model. The remaining samples as the independent test set was used to compare the sample's true age and model estimated age, and had an accuracy rate in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 years, respectively. Then the mean absolute error （MAE） and root mean square error （RMSE） were calculated. Results The accuracy rate of male in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 year was 80.67%, 89.33%, respectively. The MAE and RMSE were 0.486 and 0.606 years, respectively. The accuracy rate of female in the statistical error range of ±0.8 and ±1.0 years was 80.19%, 90.45%, respectively. The MAE and RMSE were 0.485 and 0.590 years, respectively. Conclusion Establishment of prediction model for bone age estimation by feature dimension reduction of HOG and LBP in DR images of knee-joint based on PCA and SVM has relatively high accuracy.

Genetic Polymorphism of 17 STR Loci in Uygur Population of Akesu in Xinjiang / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 17 STR loci in Uygur population of Akesu in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.@*METHODS@#Blood samples from 10 094 unrelated individuals of Uygur population of Akesu in Xinjiang were amplified by using the 17+1 PCR amplification kit, and 17 STR loci typing were detected. Allele distribution and population genetic parameters of each locus were calculated, and compared with those of Chinese Han population, and Uygur population of Yili, Hotan and Turpan regions.@*RESULTS@#In the 10 094 unrelated Uygur individuals, 252 alleles were detected. All loci meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test expectation except vWA loci. Fourteen out of the 17 STR loci, including D13S317, showed high power of discrimination. A significant difference on the allele distribution of all the 17 STR loci was observed between Uygur population of Akesu and Chinese Han population, and the difference of some loci existed between Uygur population of Akesu and the other three Uygur populations.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The 17 STR loci are highly polymorphic genetic markers, and the polymorphic information could serve as reference data for forensic individual identification and paternity identification in Akesu.

Efficiency Analysis of EX16+10Y Kit on Detection of the Uygur Population in Xinjiang Province / 法医学杂志

Objective To analyse the efficiency of EX16+10Y kit on the forensic detection of the Uygur in Xinjiang province. Methods The blood samples were extracted from 4620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province, and amplified by EX16+10Y kit. The typing of amplification products was per-formed by 3130xl genetic analyzer. Results The genotyping graphs of 15 autosomal STR loci and 10 Y-chromosomal STR loci from 4620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province were acquired completely. The genotype distribution of 15 autosomal STR loci was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and discrimination power of STR loci were 0.637-0.838, 0.580-0.860 and 0.811-0.978, respectively. There were 766 haplotypes in 10 Y -chro-mosomal STR loci. Conclusion The test results of EX16+10Y kit is accurate and trustworthy, which can simultaneously be used for the individual identification and the screening of paternal pedigree in practical work.

Clinical effect of combined fascial sheath suspension with upper blepharoplasty to treat congenital ptosis in Uygur population / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of combined fascial sheath suspension with upper blepharoplasty to treat congenital ptosis in Uygur population.Methods 42 patients with congenital ptosis (63 eyes) were selected during December 2015 to September 2017 in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Combined fascia sheath suspension with levator leva tor shortening was used for the treatment.The postoperative correction effect was observed and the patients were followed up for the complications and satisfaction.Results The moderate and severe ptosis was improved and the effective rate was 95.0％,and so the surgical treatment was effective.The incidence of adverse reactions and the recurrence rate of the disease were significantly lower than those of other procedures.Conclusions CFS plus LM treatment for severe ptosis has obvious surgical results in Uygur population,and the satisfactory rate is higher than moderate patients.In addition,the incidence of orbital regurgitation in moderate patients is lower than that in severe patients.

Relationship between thyrotropin and urine iodine in Han and Uygur nationalities pregnancy women in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyrotropin(TSH)and urine iodine in pregnant women of Han and Uygur ethnic groups in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods A total of 1568 pregnant who completed screening of TSH and urine iodine in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region hospital from August 2014 to December 2017 were included in the study, 956 cases were Han and the other 612 were Uygur. Basic clinical data, serum TSH, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), and urine iodine levels were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) General results:The median urine iodine level was 162.6μg/L(53.4-539.3μg/L), and the distribution of urine iodine classification was iodine deficiency 42.9％(672/1568), iodine appropriate 36.7％(576/1568), iodine slightly high 17.1％(268/1568)and iodine excess 3.3％(52/1568)respectively.(2)The median urine iodine levels of Han and Uygur pregnant women were 169.1μg/L(54.6-583.4μg/L)and 156.3μg/L (53.1-539.3μg/L)respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The distribution of urine iodine status in pregnancy between Han and Uygur was significantly different, which were 40.9％(391/956)vs. 45.9％(281/612)in iodine deficiency, 35.4％(338/956)vs. 38.9％(238/612)in iodine appropriate, 20.2％(193/956) vs. 12.3％(75/612) in iodine slightly high and 3.6％(34/956) vs. 2.9％(18/612)in iodine excess.(3)High serum TSH level proportion was significantly higher in Uygur ethnic group, early pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody positive and anti-thyroglobulin antibody positive group when compared with Han, late pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody negative and anti-thyroglobulin antibody negative groups (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in different age groups and iodine nutrition groups(P>0.05).(4)There was no correlation between urinary iodine and TSH levels in all pregnant women(P>0.05),neither in Han or Uygur group. When further stratified by gestational age, age, and antibody level, there was a positive correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in Han pregnant women>30 years old(P<0.05), and there was a negative correlation in the third trimester in Uygur (P<0.05). When serum antibody level, gestational week and age were controlled. There was no correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in neither group. Conclusions (1)In Han and Uygur pregnant women, the median urine iodine level and the distribution of urine iodine classification between two ethnic groups are significantly different.(2)The correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH is not identified in Han or Uygur pregnant women.

Analysis of related risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Xinjiang Uygur population / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the related risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Uygurs population of Xinjiang area.Methods A total of 966 Uygurs individuals undergoing physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital and physical examination center of Xinjiang Medical University were collected and performed the questionnaire investigation,blood biochemical detection and B-type ultrasound examination;the subjects were divided into the NAFLD group (569 cases) and non-NAFLD group (397 cases) according to the physical examination situation.The NAFLD group was performed the correlation analysis of risk factors according to the body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) stratification.Results BMI and WHtR had statistical difference between the two groups(P＜0.05);overweight(OR =2.527,P＜0.05) and obesity(OR=1.938,P＜0.05) were the risk factors of NAFLD.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI,fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triacylglycerol (TG) were associated with NAFLD(P＜0.05) and the risk factors of NAFLD.Conclusion BMI,WHtR,FPG and TG are the risk factors of NAFLD,and have a certain clinical significance in the evaluation and prediction of NAFLD high risk population.

Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults.@*Methods@#A total of 196 patients with chronic periodontitis and 97 healthy controls were selected from 2 500 Uygur people. Buccal swab samples were taken, the genomic DNA was extracted and the genotype distribution and allele frequency of MMP-9 were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The distribution of genotypes, allele frequencies and risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.@*Results@#Significant difference was found between healthy controls and the mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis in the MMP-9 1562C/T CC genotype expression (χ2=9.901, P=0.002; χ2=13.397, P< 0.001), and detectable rate of MMP-9 1562C/T CC genotype in the three groups was 31.3%(30/96), 53.5% (53/99), 27.8%(27/97), respectively. The detectable rate of CT genotype expression in the three groups were 65.6% (63/96), 45.5% (45/99), 69.1% (67/97) respectively and there was significant difference between healthy controls and mild periodontitis and between the mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis (χ2=8.025, P=0.005; χ2=11.159, P<0.001). There was also significant difference in allele frequency between healthy controls and mild periodontitis and between mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis (χ2=6.270, P=0.012; χ2=8.184, P=0.004). Logistic analysis showed that age under 35 years old was the protective factor of chronic periodontitis (OR=0.061, 95% CI=0.035-0.108, P<0.001) while the male and CT genotype were the risk factors of chronic periodontitis (OR=2.392, 95%CI=1.496-3.819, P<0.001; OR=1.280, 95%CI=0.794-2.067, P=0.031).@*Conclusions@#The susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults in Moyu county of Xinjiang is related to the age and gender and polymorphism of MMP-9. The age over 35 years old, male and CT genotype may be the risk factors of chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults.

Clinical efficacy of different doses of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy on 248 cases of Helicobacter pylori caused gastritis in Uygur / 中华消化杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of different doses of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) eradication in Uygur population, and to study the relationship between H.pylori eradication and dyspepsia symptoms in H.pylori caused gastritis.Methods From August 2015 to May 2016, Uygur patients diagnosed with H.pylori positive superficial gastritis in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashgar Prefecture were recruited.According to random number table, patients were divided into single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group.In single-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, once per day;in standard-dose group patients received esomeprazole 20 mg, twice per day;and in high-dose group patients received esomeprazole 40 mg, twice per day;besides esomeprazole the treatment of three groups were all combination of amoxicillin, clarithromycin and bismuth, magnesium compound granules.The treatment course of all three groups was 14 days.The H.pylori eradication rate, clinical efficacy, symptom score and adverse drug reaction were compared.The H.pylori eradication rate was evaluated with intention to treat analysis (ITT) and per-protocol sets (PP).Chi square test, t test and one-way analysis of vaiance were used for statistical comparison.Results A total of 248 patients were enrolled,82 cases in single-dose group, 83 cases in standard-dose group and 83 cases in high-dose group.There were five, five and six cases lose to follow-up or dropped out respectively in single-dose, standard-dose and high-dose group.The results of ITT analysis showed that the eradication rates of H.pylori in single-dose group, standard-dose group and high-dose group were 62.2%(51/82),77.1%(64/83) and 89.2%(74/83),respectively;the differences between each two groups were statistically significant (x2=4.34,16.33 and 4.30, all P0.05).Conclusions High dose of esomeprazole based quadruple therapy can increase the eradication rate of H.pylori in Uygur population, and H.pylori eradication therapy can significantly improve the dyspepsia symptoms of H.pylori caused gastritis in Uygur.High dose of esomeprazole may improve the clinical efficacy of H.pylori caused gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms in Uygur with safety.

Study on correlation between TCF7L2 gene rs3814570 polymorphisms with T2DM in Uygur Population of Xinjiang / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the correlation between TCF7L2 gene rs3814570 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Uygur population of Xinjiang area.Methods By adopting the case-control study design,949 cases of T2DM were recruited as the observation group and 963 individuals Undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the control group.The TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight(MALDI-TOF).Results The statistical differences in frequencies of CC,CT and TT genotypes and the C and T allele frequencies on TCF7L2 rs3814570 were found between the T2DM group and control group(P＜0.05).The risk of suffering from T2DM in the carriers of CT genotype was 0.331 times of that in the carriers of CC genotype(OR =0.331,95 ％ CI:0.166-0.661,P =0.002),the risk of suffering from T2DM in the carriers of TT genotype was 0.539 times of that in the carriers of CC genotype(OR=0.539,95％CI:0.348-0.834,P=0.005),and the risk of suffering from T2DM in the carriers of T allele was 0.501 times of that in the carriers of C allele(OR=0.501,95 ％ CI:0.377-0.664,P＜ 0.01).Among all subjects,the FPG level of the CT + TT genotype group on TCF7L2 gene rs3814570 locus was significantly lower than that of the CC genotype group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The rs3814570 locus in TCF7L2 gene may be associated with T2DM occurrence in Uygur population of Xinjiang area,the T allele and TT genotype might be protective factors of T2DM.

Association between polymorphism of GIuR6 gene and domestic violence in Uygur population on alcoholics in Xinjiang / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the association between glutamate receptor-6 (GIuR6/GRIK2) gene polymorphism and domestic violence in Xinjiang Uygur population on alcoholics.Methods The methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing technique were conducted to detect rs6922753 and rs2227283 single nucleotide polymorphism of GLUR6 gene in a 104 domestic violence perpetrators on alcoholics and 80 non-domestic violence perpetrators on alcoholics.The association between the polymorphisms and violent behavior was analyzed with SPSS 17.0.Results The frequency of allele (x2 =4.935) and genotype (x2 =7.622) of rs6922753 polymorphisms in the domestic violence group were statistically different from those in the non-domestic violence group (P ＜ 0.05),there was no significant difference between two groups in allele frequencies and genotype in rs2227283 site (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions GIuR6 gene polymorphism may be associated with domestic violence in Xinjiang Uygur population on alcoholics.

Study on the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 gene in hepatitis B patients of Uygur and Han nationality lived in Xinjiang region / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relation between the human leucocytes antigen-DQA1(HLA-DQA1) alleles poly-morphism and the Uygur Han nationality hepatitis B patients in Xinjiang and the genetic susceptibility healthy controls ,which is provide some important clues to seek the susceptible genes and disease-resistant genes of HBV infection for Uygur and Han nation-ality hepatitis B patients .Methods HLA-DQAl alleles of 182 cases of the Hepatitis B patients and 163 people were compared with HBV DNA and ALT level .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0104 ,-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0302 ,-DQA1 * 0501 genes frequency are detected with PCR-SSP .Results Compared the Uygur hepatitis B patients ALT abnormal and HBV DNA high copy quantity group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis found that HLA-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0501 genes had statistic significance(P< 0 .05) .Compared the Han nationality hepatitis B patients ALT abnormal and HBV DNA high copy quanti-ty group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis ,It was found that HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 *0301 genes difference had statistic significance(P < 0 .05) .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 had the statistic significance between high and low copy quantity groups(P< 0 .05) .Compared the Han nationality hepatitis B patients ALT normal and low copy quantity group with healthy controls group in allele′s frequency analysis ,It was found that HLA-DQA1 * 0201 genes had statistic significance(P <0 .05) .HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0301 had statistic significance between the Han and Uygur nationality for HBV patients(P<0 .05) ;HLA-DQA1 * 0201 ,-DQA1 * 0501 had statistic significance between the Han and Uygur nationality for healthy people(P<0 .05) .Conclusion HLA-DQA1 * 0501 is the protected gene of Uygur hepatitis B patients ;-DQA1 * 0301 is the susceptibility gene .The Han nationality hepatitis B patients group HLA-DQA1 * 0102 ,-DQA1 * 0301 ,-DQA1 * 0302 is the susceptibility genes and -DQA1 * 0201 is the Antagonism gene .

EML4-ALK and EGFR mutation status and survival analysis in Uygur with stageⅣNSCLC / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the relationship between the echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and overall survival (OS) in Uygur patients with stageⅣnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who did not accept tyrosine kinase inhibitor treat-ment. Methods Totally 97 tissue samples were collected from Uygur patients with stageⅣNSCLC who did not accept tyro-sine kinase inhibitor treatment. EML4-ALK fusion gene and EGFR mutation status were detected by using FISH and ARMS methods. The survival rates were analysed. Results In 97 tissue samples, EML4-ALK fusion genes were found in 6 (6.2%) samples, EGFR mutations were found in 26 (26.8%) samples. The survival analysis showed that there was no significant dif-ference in OS between EML4-ALK fusion gene group and no EML4-ALK fusion gene group (P=0.941). There was no signifi-cant difference in OS between EGFR mutation group and wild-type EGFR group (P=0.607). The values of median OS were 17.7 months, 17.3 months and 16.2 months for EGFR mutant group, EML4-ALK positive group and EML4-ALK negative+EGFR wild-type group, and thre was no significant difference between them (P=0.915). Conclusion Excluding the thera-peutic influence in TKIs, EML4-ALK fusion gene and EGFR mutation status of tumor tissue can not be used as an indepen-dent factor in assessing the prognosis in Uygur patients with stageⅣNSCLC.

Clinical characteristics analysis of 146 Han and the Uyghur cases with Beh(c)et's disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To discuss the characteristics of in-patients with Beh(c)et's disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region.Methods Clinical data of 146 cases with Behcet's disease admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region people's hospital were analyzed.The demographic data and clinical manifestations were analyzed retrospectively.The categorical data was compared using x2 test or Fisher's exact test.Results ① Of the 146 patients with BD,99 cases were Han,47 cases were uyghurs.Oral ulcer were observed in 146 cases (100％).Genital ulcer occurred in 115 cases (78.8％),of which 76 were Han (76.8％),39 (82.9％) were uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.391).The initial presentation was oral ulcer in 83 cases (56.8％),of which 60 cases (60.6％) were Han,23 cases (48.9％) were the uyghurs.The second most common presentation was oral ulcer and genital ulcer,which occurred in 42 cases (28.8％),of which 23 cases (23.2％) were Han,19 cases (40.4％) were the uyghurs.More Han patients initially presented with both oral and genital ulcers than uyghur (P=0.032).② Skin lesions were recorded in 66 cases (45.2％),of which 45 cases (45.4％) were Han,21 cases (44.7％) were the uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.930).③ Joint damage occurred in 40 cases (27.4％),of which 22 cases (22.2％) were Han,18 cases (38.3％) were the uyghurs.Joint damage wasmore frequently observed in Han than in uyghur (P=0.042).④ Eye lesion happened in 21 cases (14.4％),ofwhich 9 cases (9.1％) were Han,12 cases (25.5％) were the uyghurs,ie,eye lesion of Uyghur was higher than Han (P=0.008).⑤ Vascular lesions were detected in 8 cases (5.5％),of which the 5 cases were Han,3 cases were uyghurs,the difference was not significant (P=0.712).⑥ Nervous lesions were observed in 2 cases (1.37％),1 was Han and one was uyghur,the difference was not significant (P=0.542).Conclusion The most common clinical presentations of BD in Xinjiang region are oral and genitalulcers.Skin,joints,eye,vascular,nervous system can also be affected.Joint damage in Han is higher than Uyghur,but eye lesion of Uyghur is more common than Han.

Association of GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism with hyperuricemia in Uygur in Xinjiang / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between glucokinase regulator protein ( GCKR) gene polymorphism rs780094 and hyperuricemia in Uygur in Xinjiang. Methods A case-control study including 1 026 patients with hyperuricemia and 1 030 normal subjects was conducted. All the subjects were genotyped for GCKR gene rs780094 by Sequenom MassARRAY system. The results of rs780094 genotype and allele frequency between hyperuricemia group and control group were compared. The associations of different genotypes of rs780094 with blood pressure, blood lipid, and blood glucose were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between polymorphism of rs780094 and hyperuricemia in Uygur in Xinjiang. Results The distributions of three genotypes(G/G, A/G, A/A) and two allele frequency (G and A) in GCKR rs780094 revealed statistical difference ( P<0. 05 ) between hyperuricemia group and control group. A tendency toward association with hyperuricemia was observed under dominant model(OR=1. 295, 95%CI 1. 078~1. 554,P=0. 006) and recessive model(OR=1. 284, 95% CI 1. 024 ~1. 611,P=0. 030). The levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were lower in hyperuricemia group with GCKR gene rs780094 loci GG genotype than those with AA+AG genotype. After adjusting confounding factors which had significant difference in the single factor analysis, logistic regression analysis showed that rs780094 A/A and A/G might be risk factors of hyperuricemia in Uygur in Xinjiang (OR=1. 355,95% CI 1. 094 ~1. 679,P=0. 005). Conclusion The GCKR rs780094 is associated with hyperuricemia in Uygur in Xinjiang. The A/A and A/G genotype of the GCKR rs780094 may increase the risk of hyperuricemia.

Study on Serum Levels of Pepsinogen and Gastrin-17 and their Relationships with Helicobacter pylori Infection in Uygur and Han Population with Gastric Cancer in Xinjiang Area / 胃肠病学

Background:Serum levels of pepsinogen( PG),gastrin-17( G-17)and Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection are closely associated with gastric cancer. Studies on relationship of serum levels of PG and G-17 with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area are rare. Aims:To investigate serum levels of PG and G-17 and their relationships with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area. Methods:A total of 198 Uygur and 50 Han gastric cancer patients were enrolled,and healthy people with the same race were served as normal controls. Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,G-17 were determined by ELISA,PGⅠ/ PGⅡ ratio(PGR)was calculated. Urea breath test and stool Hp antigen test were used to detect Hp infection. Results:Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly decreased than those in corresponding control groups(P < 0. 05),and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur gastric cancer patients were significantly decreased than those in Han gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05),and serum G-17 level was significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Hp infection rate in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly increased than those in corresponding control groups( P < 0. 05). Serum level of PG Ⅰ and PGR were significantly decreased in Han gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased in Uygur gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,PGR was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and PGR were significantly increased in Uygur gastric antral cancer patients than in gastric corpus cancer and proximal gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Decreased serum PGⅠ level,PGR and increased serum level of G-17 can be used as biomarkers to screen gastric cancer in Uygur and Han population in Xinjiang area. Hp infection in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer is related to the changes of serum level of PGⅠ,PGR and G-17.

Investigation of disease related knowledge level and needs in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ulcerative colitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the knowledge level and needs in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), compare the differences between the two ethnic groups. Methods A total of 194 Uygur and Han UC patients were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the Crohn′s and Colitis Knowledge Score (CCKNOW) questionnaire, disease related knowledge needs questionnaire, to analyze the investigate results. Results CCKNOW score of Uygur and Han UC were (6.9±3.5) points and (9.2±3.1) points respectively, and Uygur was significantly lower than that of Han (Z=-2.831, P=0.005). Knowledge accuracy of dietary (30% and 63%) and drug (45% and 44%) were higher than general information (24% and 32%) and complications (12% and 30%) . Disease related knowledge needs score of Uygur and Han UC patients were (168.2±15.6) points and (155.4±17.2) points respectively, the score of Uygur patients was significantly higher than that of Han patients (t=4.429, P=0.001).The highest disease related knowledge needs score was (4.7±1.0) points of reproductive knowledge for Uygur UC patients, for Han patients was knowledge of daily life which was (4.8 ± 0.8) points. Conclusions The disease related knowledge level of Xinjiang Uygur and Han UC patients are relatively low, especially lack of general knowledge and diet knowledge, disease related knowledge of Uygur UC patients are lower than Han patients. The needs of the disease knowledge are very high for two ethnic groups, different one has different ethnic, gender, age, education level, living environment, hospitalization times, areas of disease related knowledge needs are also different. It is necessary to choose the targeted education content and suitable education way according to individual differences for nursing staff.

Risk factors for ischemic stroke in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors for ischemic stroke in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. Methods Using a case-control study mode, 504 Uygur patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and 507 Uygur healthy subjects w ere investigated in accordance w ith the principle of the ethnic, sex, and age matching. The risk factors for ischemic stroke w ere screened. Results Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis showed that the obesity (odds ratio [OR] 4.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80-12.94;P=0.002), hypertension ( OR 8.20, 95%CI 4.93-13.51; P<0.001), and heart disease ( OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.07-5.39;P=0.033) w ere the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in Uygurs. While the education level of junior high school or above ( OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.18-0.81;P=0.012), tea drinking habit ( OR 0.22, 95%CI0.06-0.70; P=0.021), siesta habit ( OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.24-0.59; P<0.001), high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR 0.34, 95%CI 0.20-0.59; P<0.001), and apolipoprotein A ( OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.07-0.77; P=0.017) were the protective factors for ischemic stroke. Conclusions The risk factors for ischemic stroke are more and typical in Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. Adjusting the diet structure of Uygurs, less taking meats and high-salt diet, intaking high fiber foods and fish, and appropriate physical exercise w il play an important role for the prevention of stroke in Uygur population.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 1006 Uygur and han patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 1006 Uygur and Han patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Methods: One thousand and six Uygur and Han patients with breast cancer were divided into different molecular subtypes including Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) enriched and Basal-like, based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2 and Ki-67. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of Uygur and Han patients with breast cancer of different molecular subtypes were analyzed. Results: The proportions of Uygur patients with Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2 enriched and Basal-like molecular subtypes were 49.4%, 18.1%, 13.2%, and 19.3%, respectively, as well as 56.5%, 18.1%, 5.9%, and 19.5% in Han patients, respectively; there was a statistically significant difference between Uygur and Han patients (P = 0.002). The rate of distant metastasis of Uygur patients with Luminal A was higher than that of Han patients (P = 0.005). The local recurrence rate of Uygur patients with Luminal B was also higher than that of Han patients (P = 0.012). The six-year disease-free survival rate of Uygur patients with Luminal A was lower than that of Han patients (P < 0.05). The overall six-year survival rate and six-year disease-free survival rate of Uygur patients with Luminal B were lower than those of Han patients (both P < 0.05). The tumor size, TNM stage, histologic grade and molecular subtype were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival and disease-free survival of breast cancer patients. Conclusion: The proportion of Uygur breast cancer patients with HER-2 enriched subtype is higher than that of Han patients. The distant metastasis rate of Uygur breast cancer patients with Luminal A is high. The local recurrence rate of Uygur breast cancer patients with Luminal B is high, and the prognosis is poor.