Vitamina D y embarazo: una experiencia piloto / Vitamin D and pregnancy: a pilot experience

La insuficiencia de vitamina D (VD) en el embarazo se relaciona con una mayor incidencia de cesáreas, preeclampsia y partos prematuros. Objetivo: evaluar si el grado de insuficiencia de VD se asocia a mayor número de cesáreas y evaluar la correlación entre la 25 hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) materna y en sangre del cordón del recién nacido. Las mujeres (n=127) se dividieron según sus niveles de 25OHD (ng/mL):G1:<20 (deficiencia), G2:20-30 (insuficiencia), G3:>30 (suficiencia). Se registraron edad; edad gestacional (EG); índice de masa corporal (IMC); tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica; tipo de parto y la estación del año en que se tomó la muestra. Se determinaron calcemia (ng/mL); 25OHD; parathormona intacta (pg/mL); fosfatasa alcalina ósea (UI/L) y crosslaps (pg/mL). La edad media fue de 26±6 años y la EG de 35,8±2,7 semanas, sin diferencias entre grupos. El porcentaje de cesáreas fue mayor en G1 que en G2 y G3 (31,3%, 21,4% y 25%, respectivamente; p<0,05). El mayor porcentaje de muestras se tomó en primavera (p<0,05). No se observaron diferencias en las demás variables maternas estudiadas. La 25OHD materna correlacionó positivamente con los valores de la sangre de cordón de sus respectivos recién nacidos (r= 0,67; p<0,0001). Independientemente de la época del año y del IMC, se observó que un porcentaje significativo de las mujeres embarazadas estudiadas tenía niveles de 25OHD inferiores a 30 ng/mL. Conclusión: evidenciamos que la deficiencia de VD materna se asoció al número de cesáreas. Asimismo, los niveles séricos de 25OHD en sangre de cordón umbilical correlacionaron significativamente con los maternos. (AU)

Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency in pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of cesarean section, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Objective: to evaluate if the degree of VD insufficiency is associated with the incidence of cesarean section and to determine the correlation between maternal and newborn cord blood 25-hydroxy VS (25OHD). Women (n=127) were divided according to their 25OHD levels (ng/mL): G1:<20 (deficiency), G2:20-30 (insufficiency), G3:>30 (sufficiency). Age; gestational age (GA); body mass index (BMI); systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); type of delivery and the season of the year in which the sample was taken were recorded. Calcemia (ng/mL); 25OHD; intact parathormone (pg/mL); bone alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) and Crosslaps (pg/mL) levels were determined. Mean age was 26±6 years and GA was 35.8±2.7 weeks with no differences among groups. The % of cesarean sections was higher in G1 than in G2 and G3 (31.3%, 21.4% and 25%; p<0.05). The highest % of samples were taken in spring (p<0.05). No differences were observed in the other maternal variables studied. Maternal serum 25OHD levels correlated positively with those of cord blood from their respective newborns (r=0.67; p<0.0001). Regardless the season of the year and BMI, a high % of the studied pregnant women presented 25OHD levels lower than 30 ng/ml. Conclusion: we found that maternal VD deficiency is associated with the number of cesarean sections. In addition, 25OHD levels in the newborn significantly correlate with maternal serum levels. (AU)

Effect of Modified Shuyuwan on Hippocampal Myelin Sheath Injury in Vascular Dementia Rats Through Cx43/Glu/AMPAR Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of modified Shuyuwan （SYW） on hippocampal myelin sheath injury in vascular dementia （VD） model rats. MethodSixty male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， and high-， medium- and low-dose modified SYW groups， with 12 rats in each group. The VD model was induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation in rats of the groups except for those of the sham operation group. After modeling， rats were screened by the water maze test， followed by drug treatment by gavage. Specifically， rats in the modified SYW groups were treated with modified SYW at 10， 5， 2.5 g·kg-1·d-1， accordingly， and those in other groups were administered with the same amount of normal saline. After intragastric administration for 28 days， the spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by the water maze test. The hippocampal neuron structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of hippocampal tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and glutamate （Glu） was observed by biochemical detection. The hippocampal expression of myelin basic protein （MBP）， astrocyte activation marker glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and connexin 43 （Cx43） was detected by immunofluorescence detection. The myelin sheath structure in the hippocampus was observed by the electron microscope. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor （AMPAR） and Cx43 protein expression was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency （P<0.01）， decreased times of crossing the original platform and percentage of target quadrant detention time （P<0.01）， disordered neuron structure in the hippocampal CA1 region， loose myelin sheath lamella with blurry edge， up-regulated expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and Glu in the hippocampal CA1 region， especially Glu （P<0.01）， reduced expression of AMPAR （P<0.01）， increased protein expression of p-AMPAR and Cx43 （P<0.01）， significantly dwindled protein expression of MBP in the myelin sheath， and enhanced fluorescence co-labeled by GFAP and Cx43. Compared with the model group， the modified SYW groups showed shortened escape latency （P<0.05）， increased times of crossing the original platform and percentage of target quadrant detention time （P<0.05）， closely arranged hippocampal neuron structure， denser myelin sheath lamella with clear edge， down-regulated expression levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and Glu in the hippocampal CA1 region， especially Glu （P<0.01）， up-regulated AMPAR （P<0.01）， reduced protein expression of p-AMPAR and Cx43， especially in the high-dose group （P<0.01）， significantly elevated protein expression of MBP in the myelin sheath， and weakened fluorescence co-labeled by GFAP and Cx43， especially in the high-dose group. ConclusionModified SYW can improve the learning and memory abilities of VD rats， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Cx43 expression， reduction of the release of Glu， inhibition of AMPAR-mediated inflammatory response to reduce the production of astrocyte marker GFAP， and promotion of the expression of MBP protein to alleviate myelin injury.

Study of Effectiveness of Medical Method for Induction of Labor and its Outcome

Background: Modern obstetrics has a tremendous issue in inducing full-term labor in women with a viable fetus. When the hazards of prolonging pregnancy outweigh the advantages of birth, induction is undertaken. This study’s objective was to evaluate the efficacy of misoprostol 50µg administered sublingually, orally and vaginally in the process of inducing labor.Material & Methods:Between June 2021 and July 2022, 120 pregnant women admitted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ShaheedZiaur Rahman Medical College and Hospital, Bogura in Bangladesh were recruited randomly for a randomized control trial as per inclusion criteria. Misoprostol was administered either orally or sublingually to each patient. A maximum of three doses might be administered if necessary. A previous cesarean birth was an exclusion criterion. The number of women who had a vaginal birth during 24 hours of induction was our major metric for success. SPSS 26 was used to analyze the data.Results:The induction to delivery intervals were considerably shorter in the sublingual group (18 hours versus 25.5 hours; mean difference was 6.2 hours; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 14.6). In the sublingual group, there was just 2% occurrence of uterine hyperstimulation. The two groups did not vary significantly in terms of delivery method, fetal distress, or newborn outcomes. A total of 80% percent and 82.60 percent of patients were satisfied with the oral and sublingual groups, respectively, and only 10% percent believed the sublingual tablets didn’t entirely dissolve.Conclusion:Sublingual misoprostol seems to be a successful method of delivery, although further clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the sublingual mode.

A Prospective Observational Study Of Evaluation Of Progress Of Labour With Partograph In Primigravida And Multigravida

Background:Labour progress in partograph plotting helps to early recognition and prevention of the complication of labour. This helpful in better maternal and perinatal outcome. Aim of the study is to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in primigravida and multigravida by comparing their partograph in labour.Material And Methods:This prospective observational study was carried out in Smt. SCL General Hospital a teaching tertiary care hospital from May-2018 to November-2019. Total 250 cases out of which 125 cases of primigravida and 125 cases of multigravida admitted in labour room were randomly selected and monitored by using modified WHO partograph. All the cases reporting to labour room and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in thisstudy. Individual partograph was studied to know the various aspect of course of labour.Result:208 out of 250 cases were before alert line, 34 cases were between alert and action line and 8 cases were beyond action line. Rate of cervical dilatation in most primigravida was between 1.1-2cm/hour and in multigravida was >2.1cm/hour. In Zone A, in primigravida 90.7% had VD and 9.3% had LSCS whereas in multigravida 96.4% had VD and 3.6% had LSCS. In Zone B, in primigravida 47.8% had vaginal delivery and 52.2% had LSCS whereas in multigravida 54.4% had VD and 45.5% LSCS. In Zone C, in primigravida and multigravida there were no VD and 100% had LSCS. Protracted active phase (50%) was presents the most common abnormality of first stage of labour in both group inpresent study and in second stage, arrest of decent (82%) was more common. In both groups, NICU admission were more in Zone C (3.2%) as c ompared to Zone A (2%) and Zone B (1.6%).Conclusion:This study has shown that using the partograph can be highly effective in reducing complications from both mother and neonate. It is also helpful in monitoring of labour and early diagnosis of abnormal labour. It prevents maternal mortality and morbidity.

Visual Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus using Combined CRISPR/Cas12a and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To establish an ultra-sensitive, ultra-fast, visible detection method for Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) .@*Methods@#We established a new method for detecting the tdh and trh genes of VP using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (CRISPR/Cas12a) combined with recombinase polymerase amplification and visual detection (CRISPR/Cas12a-VD).@*Results@#CRISPR/Cas12a-VD accurately detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 10 -18 M (single molecule detection) within 30 min without cross-reactivity against other bacteria. When detecting pure cultures of VP, the consistency of results reached 100% compared with real-time PCR. The method accurately analysed pure cultures and spiked shrimp samples at concentrations as low as 10 2 CFU/g.@*Conclusion@#The novel CRISPR/Cas12a-VD method for detecting VP performed better than traditional detection methods, such as real-time PCR, and has great potential for preventing the spread of pathogens.

Effect of moxibustion on cognitive function and proteins related with apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of moxibustion on proteins related with apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia (VD), and to explore the possible mechanism of moxibustion on improving VD.@*METHODS@#Thirty SD rats were selected from 100 rats (3 rats were excluded) and randomly divided into a normal group and a sham operation group, 15 rats in each group. The remaining 67 rats were treated with ischemia-reperfusion method at bilateral common carotid artery to establish VD model. The 45 rats with successful VD model were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and a medication group, 15 rats in each group. On the 7th day after successful modeling, the rats in the moxibustion group were treated with suspended moxibustion at "Guanyuan" (CV 4), "Mingmen" (GV 4) and "Dazhui" (GV 14), 15 min per acupoint, once a day; there was 1 d of rest after 6 d of moxibustion, and the treatment was given for 4 weeks. The rats in the medication group was treated with nimodipine tablets by gavage, 2 mg/kg per day, 3 times a day for 4 weeks. Before and after intervention, the Morris water maze test was used to detect the escape latency of rats in each group; after the intervention, the TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis rate of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area; the immunofluorescence double labeling method was used to detect the number of co-expression positive cells of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/NeuN in hippocampal CA1 area; the immunofluorescence single labeling method was used to detect cytochrome C (cytC) and outer mitochondrial membrane receptor Tom20 (Tom20) in hippocampal CA1 area; the Western blot method was used to detect the p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) in hippocampus.@*RESULTS@#Before intervention, compared with the normal group and the sham operation group, the escape latency in the model group, the moxibustion group and the medication group was prolonged (@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could improve the cognitive function of VD rats, which may be related to reducing the expression of Bax, cytC, Tom20 and PUMA protein in hippocampal CA1 area, promoting the release of Bcl-2 and inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.

Effect of Allicin on Learning and Memory Ability of Vascular Dementia Rats and Its Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of allicin （ALL） on learning and memory ability of rats with vascular dementia （VD） and the possible mechanism. Method:The VD rats induced by modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion （BCCAO） were randomly divided into the VD group， low- and high-dose ALL （ALL-L and ALL-H） groups， and the sham operation （S） group， with 15 rats in each group. In the ALL-L and ALL-H groups， ALL was injected into the femoral vein at 5 mg·kg^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1， respectively， while the same volume of normal saline was injected in the S and VD groups， once a day， for two successive weeks. Morris water maze （MWM） was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes in hippocampal tissue， followed by the detection of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and IL-1<italic>β</italic> as well as oxidative stress indexes malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in rat hippocampus. The apoptosis of hippocampal cells was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick end Labeling（TUNEL） assay. The expression levels of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， microtubule-associated protein light chain 3Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）， LC3Ⅰ， and the mammalian homolog of yeast ATG6 （Beclin 1） in hippocampus were determined by Western blot. Result:The comparison with the VD group revealed that the learning and memory abilities of rats in the ALL-H and ALL-L groups were significantly improved （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-6， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and MDA levels in hippocampus were lowered （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， whereas the SOD and GSH-Px activities were enhanced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The apoptosis rates were declined （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， with an even lower rate noticed in the ALL-H group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The expression levels of Caspase-3， Bax， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio， and Beclin-1 in the ALL-H and ALL-L groups were significantly down-regulated in contrast to those in the VD group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， while that of Bcl-2 was up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The ALL-H group exhibited better performances than the ALL-L group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:ALL could improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats to some extent， which may be attributed to its inhibition against inflammatory reaction， oxidative stress， and neuronal apoptosis and autophagy.

Effect of Bushen Tongluo Prescription on Synaptic Plasticity of Hippocampal Neurons of Vascular Dementia Model Rats Based on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Bushen Tongluo prescription （BSTLP） on the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons in vascular dementia （VD） model rats and its mechanism. Method:SD male rats of SPF grade were selected. The rat model of VD was established by permanent bilateral ligation of the common carotid artery several times. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group， an insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1， 20 μg·kg^-1） group， high-dose （3 g·kg^-1）， medium-dose （1.5 g·kg^-1）， and low-dose （0.75 g·kg^-1） BSTLP groups. A sham operation group was also set. Drugs were administered to rats by gavage once a day for four weeks. The model group and the sham operation group received the same volume of normal saline. After the last administration， all the rats were detected for spatial learning and memory by the Morris water maze. The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase （TdT） dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） assay. The changes in synaptic morphological structure and the number of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons were detected by Golgi's method. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）， protein kinase B （Akt）， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， synaptophysin （SYP）， and amyloid precursor protein （APP） in hippocampal neurons were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the model group showed prolonged escape latency， lengthened swimming distance， dwindled the number of times for the platform crossing after platform removal （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， increased apoptotic cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， declining synaptic dendritic spines （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， down-regulated expression levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， and SYP proteins， and up-regulated expression level of APP protein in hippocampal neurons （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the model group， the BSTLP groups and the IGF-1 group showed shortened escape latency and swimming distance， increased number of times for the platform crossing after platform removal （<italic>P</italic><0.05），declining apoptotic cells （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， up-regulated expression levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， and SYP proteins， and down-regulated expression level of APP protein in hippocampal neurons （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the IGF-1 group， the high-dose BSTLP group showed no significant difference in the escape latency， swimming distance， the number of times for the platform crossing after platform removal， apoptotic cells， synaptic dendritic spines， and expression levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， SYP， and APP proteins in hippocampal neurons. However， the differences were significant in the medium-dose and low-dose BSTLP groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:BSTLP can improve the learning and memory of rats with VD. The mechanism is presumedly related to the activation of thePI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and improvement of synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons.

Determining the Correlation between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Conditions around Different Types of Restorations Using Radio-graphic Evaluation

Objective: In the healthcare setting, periodontal disease is among common dental disease resulting in tooth loss. Given its increasedprevalence, the study determines the correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal conditions using radiographic data. Methods: Across-sectional study design was used and radio-graphic data of 1000 patients (aged 16 years or above) from King Abdul Aziz UniversityFaculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) was assessed. The patients were divided into four groups based on their type of restoration; such asamalgam (77), composite (65), a crown (44), and temporary (11). Data was collected through questionnaire-based approach, which wasanalyzed statistically using SPSS. Results: Majority of the patients had fair oral hygiene (53.8%). The correlation analysis of oral hygienewith the restoration surface (p-value 0.571) and control tooth surface (p-value 0.476) was insignificant. Similar results were obtained forcase tooth (crown restoration) (p-value, .356) and control tooth (p-value, .925). However, there was significant effect of oral hygiene onrestored tooth bone loss (p-value, 0.004) and control tooth bone loss (p-value, 0.003). Conclusion: The study presents instigating initiativesto reinforce oral hygiene and educate general masses about periodontal conditions and its prevention

Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction protects against chronic cerebral ischemia injury in rats and profile of differentially expression proteins analysis in hippocampus / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Vascular dementia (VD) refers to a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function caused by chronic cerebral ischemia. 2-Vessels occlusion (2-VO) has been widely used as a model of VD. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescrip-tion,has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke.The present study was to investigate the mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction(XXM) against chronic cerebral ischemia injury in rats. METHODS After XXM treatment, rats were performed a memory testing with Morris water maze and motor ability testing using prehensile test and inclined screen test.Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining with MAP2 antibody. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by Label-free quantitative proteomics. RESULTS XXM significantly alleviated 2-VO-induced learning and memory deficits, motor ability dysfunction, and neuronal plasticity injury in rats. The mechanism might be involved in up-regulation of 39 proteins and down-regulation of 13 proteins in the hippocampus of rats after XXM treatment vs 2-VO group rats.Gene ontology and pathway analysis showed that the regulated proteins are mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process, etc. The signal pathways are mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. CONCLUSION Current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of XXM on chronic cerebral ischemia.

Effects of Naoluo Xintong Decoction on vascular dementia rats' memory and learning, and hippocampal neuronal intracellular calcium concentration / 中成药

AIM To study the effects of Naoluo Xintong Decoction (NLXTD) on vascular dementia (VD)rats' memory and learning,and hippocampal neuronal intracellular calcium concentration.METHODS Rats were divided randomly into model group,NLXTD group (8.54 g/kg),Huperzia-A group (0.06 mg/kg) and sham group.They were made into vascular dementia rats by the improved bilateral carotid artery ligation method (2-VO)thereafter if necessary.After one-month corresponding intragastric administration,the rats were ethologically evaluated by the Morris water maze experiment;their fluorescence intensity of hippocampal neuronal intracellular calcium concentration was determined by flow cytometry,and the expression levels of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and its hippocampus receptor were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS Compared with the model group,rats in NLXTD group displayed overall superiority to those of the model group in terms of significantly shortened time of escape latency (P ＜0.01),significantly increased number through the platform and the times in the fourth quadrant (P ＜ 0.01),a lower fluorescence intensity indicating a lower hippocampal neuronal intracellular calcium concentration (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION The significant improvement of memory and learning observed among VD rats' due to NLXTD intervention may be attributable to its efficacy in reducing the hippocampal neuronal intracellular calcium concentration by enhancing the expression levels of CGRP and its receptor.

Role of vitamin D in the development of obesity / Rol de la vitamina D en el desarrollo de la obesidad

SUMMARY: Antecedents in the literature suggest that vitamin D (VD) play a role in overweigh/obesity. The present study evaluated the effect of VD deficiency diet intake and fat hight on overweight/obesity about white adipose tissue (WAT) and body mass (BM) gain. Animals were divided into four experimental groups according to the lipid and VD content of their diets; G1: CVD+ (C: control diet with VD+; n=5), G2: CVD- (control diet without VD-; n=5), G3: HFVD+ (high fat diet, with VD+; n=5), G4: HFVD- (HF diet without VD-; n=5). The diets were administered for three months and BW was monitored weekly. At the end of this period all animals were euthanized. Epididymal (EFM), retroperitoneal (RFM) and subcutaneous (SFM) fat mass were removed, weighted. At 12 weeks the body mass of the animals that were fed without VD- diets; G2: 507.60±17.31 g, and G4: 528.50±13.50 g were significantly higher (p < 0.05), than the counterparts G1: 485.0±11.29 g and G3: 521.20±26.20 g respectively. Similarly, the animals fed with VDdiets had a greater EFM and SFM (p < 0.05) compared with the respective controls (VD+). Nevertheless, the animals fed with high fat diet had equal RFM (G3: 12.2±4.10 g, G4: 12.88±2.3 g, p > 0.05). The results demonstrate that the nutrition of rats with diet deficient in VD and high fat, promotes overweight by increasing fat deposits, suggestion a cause-effect relationship between VD deficiency and overweight. These results suggest that VD deficiency increases the risk of visceral fat obesity in males.

RESUMEN: Los antecedentes de la literatura sugieren una relación entre la vitamina D (VD) y el sobrepeso/obesidad, sin embargo, causalidad de la relación no está clara. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de la ingesta dietética deficiente de VD y alta en grasa sobre el tejido adiposo (TA) y la masa corporal (MC). Los animales se dividieron en cuatro grupos experimentales de acuerdo con el contenido de VD y lípido en la dieta; G1: CVD+ (C: dieta control con VD+; n = 5), G2: CVD- (dieta control sin VD-; n = 5), G3: HFVD+ (dieta alta en grasa, con VD+; n = 5), G4: HFVD- (dieta HF sin VD-; n = 5). Las dietas se administraron durante tres meses y MC se controló semanalmente. Al final de este período, los animales fueron sacrificados. La masa grasa epididimaria (MGE), subcutánea abdominal (MGS) y retroperitoneal (MGR) fueron diseccionadas y pesadas individualmente. A las 12 semanas, la MC de los animales alimentados con dietas sin VD-; G2: 507,60 ± 17,31 g, y G4: 528,50 ± 13,50 g fue significativamente mayor (p < 0,05), que sus homólogos G1: 485,0 ± 11,29 g y G3: 521,20 ± 26,20 g respectivamente. De forma similar, los G2 y G4 tuvieron una mayor MGE y MGS (p < 0,05) en comparación con los controles respectivos (VD+). Sin embargo, los animales alimentados con dieta alta en grasas tuvieron igual MGR (G3: 12,2 ± 4,10 g; G4: 12,88 ± 2,3 g, p > 0,05). Los resultados demuestran que la nutrición de ratas con dieta deficiente en VD y alta en grasa, promueve el sobrepeso/obesidad al exacerbar la ganancia de masa grasa en los diferentes depósitos de grasa, sugiriendo una relación causa-efecto entre la deficiencia de VD y el sobrepeso/obesidad. Estos resultados sugieren que la deficiencia de VD aumenta el riesgo de obesidad de grasa visceral en machos.

Effects of kaempferol on learning and memory in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and possible mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of kaemperol in the rats with chronic cere-bral ischemia.Methods Chronic cerebral hypoperfu-sion model was produced by permanent occlusion of bi-lateral common carotid arteries (2VO)in rats.After KAE treatment,the rats underwent Morris water maze and prehensile traction test.Neuronal morphology was observed using Nissl and HE staining.The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in brain tissue were de-termined.The DJ-1 protein expression was assayed by Western blot.Results Compared with 2VO model group,KAE significantly improved learning and memo-ry and the grasping ability.In addition,KAE signifi-cantly reduced brain tissue pathological injury induced by 2VO. Furthermore, KAE significantly increased SOD activity and enhanced antioxidant protein DJ-1 ex-pression in brain tissue.Conclusions KAE could sig-nificantly attenuate the cognitive impairment,limb bal-ance dysfunction and pathological injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.The mechanism may be re-lated to improving the antioxidant system in vivo.

Electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To examine whether electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint (GB 12 ) , whose position is similar to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus ,can reduce inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD) to provide theoretical evidence for treating VD with electroacupuncture .Methods Healthy Sprague‐Dawley rats ( n=54 ,300 -450 g) were randomly divided into three groups :sham surgery group ,VD group ,and electroacupuncture group .The ethologic scores of VD rats were evaluated and the mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α,IL‐6 and IL‐1β) in the hippocampus were assessed and the hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining .Results Compared with VD group ,in electroacupuncture group the rats' learning ability improved significantly and the mRNA expressions of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β decreased . Simultaneously ,the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampal tissues decreased , and their morphology recovered to nearly normal .Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Wangu acupoint can decrease the level of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and reduce the damage extent of nerve cells in the hippocampus ,thus providing a new neuroprotective method for VD .

Effect of 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 combined with mechanical strain treatment on proliferation, differentiation, and expression of OPG and RANKL in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (VD3) or mechanical strain alone and their combined treatment on proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro, as well as gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand (RANKL) in those cells. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 10 nmol/L VD3, intermitted mechanical strain or with a combination of these two factors. Cell proliferation was assessed with flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using a fluorometric detection kit. The mRNA expression of ALP, runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2), OPG, and RANKL genes was determined by real-time PCR. The proteins expression of Runx2, OPG, and RANKL was determined by Western blotting. ResultsVD3 inhibited the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, but the mechanical strain had no effect on cell proliferation. Mechanical strain, VD3, and the combined treatment enhanced the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells as well as the protein expression of Runx2. The effect of combined treatment was less pronounced than the effect of VD3 or mechanical strain alone. Mechanical strain promoted the gene and protein expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased the ratio of OPG/RANKL. However, the combination of VD3 and mechanical strain led to a decrease in ratio of OPG/RANKL. Conclusions Mechanical strain might be effective in inducing osteogenic differentiation and increasing bone formation. A joint stimulation with VD3 and strain can decrease proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and increase RANKL expression, which might affect bone remodeling. This study supplies some new data, which might be important in theoretical and clinical research of osteoporosis (OP) and other related bone diseases.

Determination of calcifediol in microbial transformation broth of VD3 by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of calcifediol in microbial transformation broth of VD3 quickly and accurately. METHODS: The separation was performed on an Elite Hypersil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-water (85:15) as the mobile phase eluted at a flow rate of 2.0 mL · min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 50℃. External standard method was adopted using the peak area at 265 nm for determination. RESULTS: A good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 10.1 -2 020 μg · mL-1 (r =0.999 9), the limit of quantitation was 0.6 ng, the limit of detection was 0.3 ng, and the average recovery rate was 101.06% (RSD 1.44%, n=9). CONCLUSION: The established RP-HPLC method could meet the request of content determination of calcifediol in VD3 microbial transformation broth in industrial production.

Effects of exercises on the right ventricle of female micesubmitted to ovarian hormone deprivation

Introduction: Several studies indicate that the estrogen deficiency increase the incidence of the cardiovascular diseases in women in post-menopausal period and that the exercise program may prevent or relieve problems such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, muscle weakness, osteoporosis and depression. The effects of the estrogen deprivation in the myocardium still remain unclear, mainly in the right ventricle. The aim was to investigate the effects of exercises on the right myocardium in the female mice subjected to deprivation of ovarian hormones. Material and methods: A total of 15 female mice at 9 months of age, divided into 3 groups (n = 5) were studied: non-ovariectomized sedentary (S); ovariectomized sedentary (OS), ovariectomized trained (OT) animals. Ovariectomy was performed at 9 months of age and physical training began 7 days after surgery. The animals underwent a physical training protocol for 4 weeks on a treadmill with progressive speed and load (one hour a day/5 days a week at 50 to 65% of the maximum speed of running). After the experimental proceeding, the heart were removed and processed accordingly to conventional protocol for optical microscopy, and the slides stained by the methods of Hematoxylin and Eosin Stereology was used to analyze the components of the myocardium. Results: Ours results indicate that the exercise training promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increase in connective tissue with decreased cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that moderate exercise promoted right ventricular remodeling with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increase in connective tissue, to fit the modifications promoted by exercise in the left ventricle.

Valor preditivo da razão entre espaço morto e volume corrente fisiológicos no processo de desmame da ventilação mecânica em crianças / Predictive value of the physiological deadspace/tidal volume ratio in the weaning process of mechanical ventilation in children

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a razão entre espaço morto e volume corrente fisiológicos (V D/V T) como preditor do fracasso na extubação em 42 crianças ventiladas (idade média: 4,75 anos). MÉTODO: Prontidão para extubação foi determinada usando os critérios propostos pela 6ª Conferência Internacional de Consenso em Medicina Intensiva adaptados a crianças. RESULTADOS: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) foi usada em quatro pacientes que desenvolveram insuficiência respiratória após a extubação; nenhum foi reintubado. Crianças que precisaram de VNI para evitar a reintubação tiveram razão V D/V T significativamente maior do que as que foram extubadas sem VNI (p < 0,001). O valor de corte da razão V D/V T foi 0,55, e a área sob a curva ROC foi 0,86. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos achados confirmam o bom valor preditivo do sucesso/fracasso do desmame pela razão V D/V T e sugere seu papel como preditor da necessidade de VNI após extubação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physiological deadspace/tidal volume ratio (V D/V T) as a predictor of extubation failure in 42 ventilated children (median age: 4.75 years). METHOD: Extubation readiness was determined using the criteria proposed by the 6th International Consensus Conference on Intensive Care Medicine adapted to children. RESULTS: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in four patients who developed respiratory failure after extubation; none was reintubated. Children who needed NIV to avoid reintubation had a significantly higher V D/V T ratio than those who were extubated without NIV (p < 0.001). The cut-off value of V D/V T ratio was 0.55 and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the good predictive value of weaning success/failure of the V D/V T ratio and suggest its role for predicting the need for NIV after extubation.

Full mouth rehabilitation with fixed and removal prosthesis using extracoronal attachments: A clinical report.

Full mouth rehabilitation always claims careful attention and meticulous treatment planning. It becomes more challenging with the partial edentulism where bilateral segment is found missing. Successful restoration can be done with plenty of contemporary and conventional treatment planning. Attachment retained partial dentures are one such kind of treatment modality in prosthodontics. Studies have also demonstrated that precision-attachment partials last longer, wear less, need less adjustments, look better, work better, less destructive, protect abutment teeth, and are easier to clean. In this case report patient’s functional and aesthetic expectations were met by doing full mouth rehabilitation using combination of Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) restorations and semiprecision attachments.

Influence of proliferation and ostogenic differentiation of 1,25 (OH)2VD3 on hUCMSCs in vitro / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To establish the separation and expansion method of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and explore the influence of 1,25 (OH)2VD3 on hUCMSCs in vitro.Methods UCMSCs were cultured from adherent tissue pieces and detected by immunohistochemistry.Taking the third generation with good growth state UCMSCs make intervene experiment.Set 10-7 mol/L,10-9mol/L and 10-11 mol/L 3 kind of concentration of 1,25(OH)2VD3 as the experimental group,and a control group (DMEM medium).The morphologic change of UCMSCs was observed by inverted microscope.Observe the cell proliferation by the method of MTT.Detect alkaline phosphatase assay and type Ⅰ collagen assay from immunohistochemistry.And the calcium tubercle formation would be examined after 21 days.Results UCMSCs were cultured from adherent tissue pieces and strongly positive for CD44,CD105 and negative for CD34,CD45.consistent with the hUCMSCs characteristics.Under different concentration of 1,25 (OH)2VD3hUCMSCs proliferation were promoted within 7 days but were suppressed beyond 7 days.The high doses group ( 10-7 mol/L group ) obvious inhibitted the stem cell proliferation.Different concentrations of 1,25 (OH)2VD3 and days have interactive effect (P ＜ 0.05).The differences between different groups with ALP and type Ⅰ collagen assay has statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The secretion of ALP and type Ⅰ collagen assay of 10-7 mol/Lconcentration group was higher than others.Typical mineralization nedus was found in intervene groups.Conclusion HUCMSCs can be successfully cultured from the adherent tissue pieces.1,25(OH)2VD3 can effectively induce hUCMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro.