Comparison Of Neck Muscle Flexibility, Strength, Endurance And Proprioception Among The Video Display Terminal User’s In College Students With Neck Pain And Without Neck Pain

Background: Neck pain is one of the main causes of those who use video display terminal devices. Prolonged period of work in an awkward posture would mainly lead to neck pain among the VDT users. Studies show the prevalence of neck pain among VDT users as 45.5%. It is essential to identify factors for preventing people from getting neck pain. Studies show that musculoskeletal disorders are related to physical fitness level. Many factors in physical fitness can predict the incident of musculoskeletal disorders. There are still studies which are specific to neck pain and physical fitness in office workers. The context and purpose of the study: The main aim of the study is to compare the flexibility, strength, endurance and proprioception of neck among the VDT users in college students with neck pain and without neck pain. Results: The main finding of this study was that the video display terminal device users who use more than 4 hours / day have significantly lower flexibility, endurance and proprioception among student with neck pain compared to without pain VDT devices students. But there is no significant difference in strength among both groups. Conclusion: The majority of VDT user’s students who have neck pain are more affected in range of motion, endurance and proprioception compare to without neck pain. But there is no significant difference in strength among both groups. Implication: static posture without taking break in student who use VDT devices can be decrease in physical fitness of neck, so student are take break in between time to time and stretch their leg as well as arm ,neck.

Preliminary study on touch screen VDT operation musculoskeletal injuries and design implications / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the musculoskeletal injuries related to touch screen VDT operation and design implications.Methods The effects of touch screen size and angles on touch-screen-VDT-operation-related muscle load and fatigue were explored using thorough experiment and EMG acquisition method,and the independent variables included the size and angle and the dependant variables consisted of the load and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS),extensor digitorum communis (EDC),extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU).Results No significant difference was found with regard to pointing success rate and accuracy at all screen sizes and angles levels.FDS and EDC MVC％ increased with increasing touch screen size at all levels of angles.FDS MVC％ decreased while EDC MVC％ increased with inclining angles at all levels of touch screen sizes.All measured muscles' MF did not decrease with time.Conclusion This study helps to provide basis for the optimization of equipment design,reduce exposure to musculoskeletal injuries risks and implement primary prevention.

Bridge role of Jingming (BL 1) for VDT asthenopia and brainfag based on human instinct / 中国针灸

To explore the bridge role of Jingming (BL 1) for video display terminal (VDT) asthenopia and brainfag. Ancient literature and modern scientific research on the acupoint have been analyzed and summarized so as to explore pressing the acupoint the instinct feedback of brain after asthenopia. It is demonstrated that Jingming (BL 1) is a key channel between eyes, brain and the outside world, and it is one of major feedback points of brain after asthenopia. In this paper we try to establish a new research thinking and ascertain it, namely Jingming (BL 1) reflecting the relationship between asthenopia and brainfag. We hope that it can provide some references for further research on cognizing brain through eye.

Effects of Crocetin on the Pupillary Response during Accommodation Induced by Visual Display Terminal Work: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Trial / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of crocetin on the pupillary response during accommodation induced by visual display terminal (VDT) work. This clinical study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adult volunteers with subjective symptoms of eye fatigue. In this study, the pupillary response during accommodation was evaluated using pupil constriction ratio (PCR). PCR was measured before and after VDT work, after rest at baseline, and at each intervention period. Following analysis of variations in PCR, the variation in PCR after rest significantly increased in the crocetin group. According to the visual analog scale questionnaire, subjective symptoms of eye fatigue significantly improved. These results show that ingestion of crocetin for 4 weeks is effective in mitigating the pupillary response during accommodation associated with VDT work.

Evaluación de riesgo biomecánico y percepción de desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en administrativos de una universidad Bogotá (Colombia)

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el grado de riesgo biomecánico (carga postural estática) y la percepción de desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en funcionarios administrativos en una Universidad en Bogotá (Colombia) entre Julio y Noviembre del año 2013. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal; se tomó una muestra con 96 trabajadores de la población de la Universidad, quienes tenían un puesto fijo en video terminales (VDT); los datos sobre percepción de desórdenes músculo esquelético se identifican de la aplicación del Cuestionario Nórdico y grado de riesgo ergonómico de la aplicación del método RULA. Resultados: Tras aplicar el Cuestionario Nórdico se muestra presencia de molestia o dolor en algún segmento corporal con un aumento en la prevalencia de punto final (P.F) y la Incidencia (I). Los segmentos con mayor presencia de sintomatología fueron: espalda baja, espalda alta, cuello, mano muñeca derecha. Los resultados de aplicación del método RULA indican excesiva carga postural; no se observaron en los trabajadores posturas aceptables (todas las puntuaciones ≥3). Los segmentos con mayor puntuación fueron: muñeca, giro de muñeca, antebrazo y cuello. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren la existencia de asociación entre la carga postural estática y la percepción de molestia a nivel de miembros inferiores en los funcionarios de la Universidad.

Objective: evaluate the degree of biomechanical risk regarding (the static postural load) and musculoskeletal disorders perception of administrative staff at a University in Bogotá between July and November 2013. Methods: a sample of 96 employees of the University population; Those with a permanent position held in VDT video terminals, data on perception of musculoskeletal disorders arise from the application of the Nordic Questionnaire and the ergonomic risk degree of implementing the RULA. Results: the results obtained after applying the Nordic Questionnaire show a presence of discomfort or pain in any body part with an increase in Final Prevalence (PF) and the incidence (I), segments with greater presence of symptoms were: lower back, upper back, neck, hand and right wrist. The results of application of the RULA method indicate an excessive postural load there were no acceptable positions in workers (all scores ≥ 3). Segments with higher scores were: wrist, wrist rotation, forearm and neck. Conclusion: the results suggest the existence of an association between static postural loading and perceived discomfort level lower limbs in university administrative.

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre o grau de risco biomecânico (carga postural estática) e a percepção da desordem músculo esquelética em funcionários administrativos numa Universidade em Bogotá (Colômbia) entre Julho e Novembro de 2013. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal; amostragem de 96 trabalhadores da população da Universidade, que tinham um posto fixo em vídeo terminais (VDT); os dados da percepção da desordem músculo esquelética identificam se com a aplicação do Questionário Nórdico e o grau de risco ergonômico da aplicação do método RULA. Resultados: após aplicar o Questionário Nórdico, aparece a presença da moléstia ou dor em algum segmento corporal com aumento na prevalência de ponto final (P.F) e a Incidência (I). Os segmentos com maior presença de sintomatologia foram: costas baixas, costa alta, pescoço, mão e munheca direita. Os resultados de aplicação do método RULA indicam excessiva carga postural; não se observaram nos trabalhadores posturas aceitáveis (todas as pontuações ≥ 3). Os segmentos com maior pontuação foram: munheca, giro do pulso, antebraço e pescoço. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem a existência de associação entre a carga postural estática e a percepção de moléstia em nível de membros inferiores nos funcionários da Universidade.

Causes of Hand Tingling in Visual Display Terminal Workers

OBJECTIVE: To offer the basic data about the causes and distribution of hand tingling, symptoms and physical findings, and pressure pain threshold in desk workers. METHODS: Five physiatrists participated in the screening test composed of history and physical examination. A total of 876 desk workers were evaluated and of them 37 subjects with hand tingling were selected. For further analyzing, detailed history taking and meticulous physical examination were taken. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the infraspinatus, upper trapezius, flexor carpi radialis, rhomboideus, and flexor pollicis longus were examined. PPT measurements were repeated three times with two minute intervals by a pressure algometer. Electrodiagnostic study was done to detect potential neurologic abnormalities. RESULTS: The causes of hand tingling in order of frequency were: myofascial pain syndrome, 68%; cervical radiculopathy, 27%; rotator cuff syndrome, 11%; tenosynovitis, 8%; and carpal tunnel syndrome, 5%. The location of trigger points in the myofascial pain syndrome, which were proven to evoke a tingling sensation to the hand in order of frequency were: infraspinatus, 65.4%; upper trapezius, 57.7%; flexor carpi radialis, 38.5%; rhomboideus 15.4%; and flexor pollicis longus 11.5%. The PPT of the affected side was significantly lower than that of the unaffected side in myofascial pain syndrome (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The most common cause of hand tingling in desk workers was myofascial pain syndrome rather than carpal tunnel syndrome. Common trigger points to evoke hand tingling were in the infraspinatus and upper trapezius.

Efficacy of acupuncture on VDT workers(2) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction]There are few studies on the effect of acupuncture on QOL and work ability. Therefore, by this prospective study, we examined the effect of acupuncture treatment for QOL and work ability of visual display terminal (VDT) workers. <BR>[Methods]Sixty-one VDT workers participated as subjects (41 males, 20 females). Acupuncture sessions were performed once a week for 4 weeks. Acupuncture points were decided by individualized VDT workers neck and shoulder symptoms points. Disposable press tack needles were used. Improvement of SF-36 and the work ability index were evaluated. <BR>[Results]All VDT workers completed follow-up. There were statistically significant improvements in Mental Component Score (MCS), Physical Component Score (PCS), Role Physical and Body-Pain of the SF-36, and WAI. Regular correlations between before WAI and MCS, PCS, and 8 subscales of the SF-36 were observed. In addition improvement rate of WAI and Body-Pain were observed.<BR>[Conclusion]Symptoms in the neck shoulder stiffness of the VDT workers was improved by acupuncture, and QOL/work ability improved.

Efficacy of acupuncture on VDT workers (1) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction]Recently, in the development of information technology, VDT workers are increasing rapidly. Physical and mental health symptoms associated with working at visual display terminals (VDTs) are controversial. However, there are few studies about the effect of acupuncture treatment on eye fatigue, neck and shoulder stiffness that many VDT workers have.<BR>Therefore, in this prospective study, we examined the effect of acupuncture treatment for complaints of VDT workers.<BR>[Methods]Sixty-one VDT workers participated as subjects (41 males, 20 females). Acupuncture sessions were performed once a week for four weeks. Acupuncture points were decided by the patient's muscleskeletal distress.<BR>Disposable press tack needles were used. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine eye fatigue, neck and shoulder stiffness. Improvements of each VAS were evaluated. Then we analyzed improvement on shoulder and neck stiffness associated with eye fatigue.<BR>[Results]The neck and shoulder distress of patients was reduced in four weeks by acupuncture treatment. A regular correlation between the improvement rate of eye fatigue and neck/shoulder stiffness was observed.<BR>[Conclusion]The neck and shoulder stiffness was improved by acupuncture treatment. According to improved symptoms, eye fatigue was mitigated as well. Thus it was suggested that utility of acupuncture is high in the field of industrial medicine.

Effects of the Use of the Hold Relax Technique to Treat Female VDT Workers with Work-related Neck-shoulder Complaints / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of encouraging exercise to treat work-related neck-shoulder pain by mobile phone messages after training individuals to use the holdrelax technique. METHODS: Subjects were randomly allocated into an exercise (n=20) and a control (n=21) groups. The exercise group was taught stretching exercise methods known as the hold-relax technique for the upper trapezius, levator scapula, scalenus, and suboccipitals. They then received mobile phone messages encouraging them to do the exercises twice a week for eight weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) of neck and shoulder pain, the pressure pain threshold (PPT) for the four muscles, and the cervical ROM were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: The VAS decreased significantly in the exercise group from 3.35 to 1.65 (p<0.001) for the neck, and from 4.55 to 2.05 for the shoulder (p<0.001). In addition, the PPT of the four muscles increased (p<0.001) in the exercise group. However, no significant changes in the VAS and the PPT of the control group were observed. Furthermore, the ROM did not differ significantly between the exercise and control groups after intervention. CONCLUSION: Teaching patients to use the hold-relax technique and encouraging exercise using mobile phone messages can reduce work-related neck-shoulder pain.

Risk Factor, Job Stress and Quality of Life in VDT Workers with Low Back Pain

OBJECTIVE: To investigate symptom prevalence, risk factor, and relationship between job stress and health-related quality of life in visual display terminal (VDT) workers with low back pain. METHOD: 5,005 people aged from 28 to 59 without neck or upper extremity pain, were enrolled and their general characteristics, working period, personal history like smoking, drinking, type of leisure and average housework time were collected via a questionnaire survey. The job stress and the health-related quality of life were measured by using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) and the Korean Short Form Health Survey-36 (KSF-36) respectively. The relationship between general characteristics, working period, personal history, KOSS score, and KSF-36 score were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of questionnaire respondents was 43.4 years old. Twenty-seven and ninety-one (2,791) VDT workers responded to have experienced low back pain in past 1 year. The symptom prevalence was 58.2%. The KOSS score of all VDT workers was higher than reference range. There were moderate negative correlations between KOSS score and subscale score of KSF-36 like vitality, mental health, and mental component summary in all groups. In a multivariate analysis of all subjects, younger age, female, type of leisure except sports activity, and feeling of body loading were independently associated with low back pain of VDT workers. CONCLUSION: This study provides the basic data about the relationship between job stress and health-related quality of life of VDT workers as well as risk factors of low back pain in VDT workers.

A Study on the Comparison of Video Display Terminal(VDT) Subjective Symptoms for Computer-addicted and Non-addicted Adolescents / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare subjective symptoms of VDT between computer-addicted and non-addicted adolescents. METHOD: A descriptive survey design was used and 646 students in one middle and two high schools were selected as participants. RESULT: The VDT subjective symptoms and degree of severity differed according to whether the students were computer-addicted or not, and in all symptoms, general, musculoskeletal, eye and mental, the mean score for subjective symptoms was higher in the addicted group than in the non-addicted group. The score for VDT subjective symptoms was highest in the addicted group for girls and students who were not healthy. The most frequent physical symptom reported by students who visited the school health room for a health problem after using the computer was headache. The most frequent type of treatment at the school health room was treatment of the symptom. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that students must acquire correct habits in computer use and be careful not to be addicted to the computer in order to avoid VDT syndrome. For this, educational authorities should develop computer-related health education programs and start the programs from the lower grades of elementary school.

Effects of Thoracic Spinal Exercise Program in VDT Workers: Pain Relief and Increased Flexibility / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study of the Thoracic Spinal Exercise Program was to evaluate its effects on VDT workers. These effects were found to include a decrease thoracic kyphosis, increase thoracic spine mobility and decrease in the VAS (visual analog scale). These measures provide a means of assessing the muscle endurance and muscle strength of the subjects. METHODS: This study was conducted during the period from July 1 to August 31, 2003, and involved 58 VDT workers belonging to a company located in Seoul who were working seated in front of a computer for most of the day. After applying the thoracic exercise program, we examined the changes in the of thoracic kyphosis angle, spinal length (C7-S3), TFED (thoracic flexibility in the extension direction), MEBH (maximal elevation with both hands in the overhead direction) and CE (chest expansion). RESULTS: Obtained f om this study are as follows. 1. A significant reduction in the VAS was observed in the exercise group (pre-exercise 5.90 +/- 0.88 points, post-exercise 4.23+/- 0.82 points), as compared with the control group (pre-exercise 6.00+/-0.90 points, post-exercise 5.93+/-0.81 points). 2. A significant reduction in thoracic kyphosis (pre-exercise 36.97+/-7.49, post-exercise 31.83 +/-5.90) and a significant increase in thoracic flexibility in the extension direction (pre-exercise 7 . 4 7+/-2.30, post-exercise 11.77+/-3.65) were observed in the exercise group. The thoracic kyphosis angle showed a significant reduction in the exercise group, as compared to the control group. The thoracic flexibility in the extension direction showed a significant increase in the exercise group, as compared to the control group. 3. There was a significant increase in the spinal length in the exercise group (pre-exercise 494 +/-27.66 mm, post-exercise 518.60+/-27.95 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The Thoracic Spinal Exercise Program results in an increase in thoracic spine mobility and a decrease in pain. In practical terms, the effects of the exercise program are good health and posture.

Work Related Upper-extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Users in a Telecommunication Company in Seoul, Korea

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate a suspected high prevalence of WRUEMSD (Work related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders) in the visual display terminal (VDT) operators of a major telecommunication company in Seoul, Korea. METHOD: The severity of the disorders was assessed by both medical screening examination and questionnaires. All the operators involved in the study were using VDT. A self-administered questionnaire, designed to obtain demographic information, individual factors, and musculoskeletal symptoms of the various body parts was distributed to participating operators. RESULTS: A total of 888 female directory assistance operators (average age 39.7+/-4.6 years old) working at three companies participated in the study. The task was machinepaced, as customer calls were routed to available operators by computer. The number of the workers requiring treatment when symptoms aggravated was 384 (43.2%), and that of the workers needing treatment was 173 (19.5%). WRUEMSD of neck was associated with working during rest time (Odds ratio=1.59), partial finger users (OR=1.87), and that of hand/wrist was associated with adjustability of the height of the chair. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of WRUEMSD in the VDU operators of the a major telecommunication company was high. Current issues and suggestions for future ergonomic studies are addressed.

The Influence of Type of Computer and VDT Work on the Dryness of Eye

PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to discover the influence of the different types of computer and VDT work on the dryness of eyes. METHODS: Forty people without eye disease were included in this study. The frequency of blinking, BUT and width of palpebral fissure were measured after working on documents with desktop computers and laptop (notebook) computers and playing computer games at PC-room for 30 minutes each. RESULTS: The BUT value was 7.0+/-2.52 seconds after working on document with laptop computers and 5.7+/-1.86 seconds with desktop computers. Whereas the frequency of blinking was almost the same, the width of palpebral fissure was 6.6+/-0.95 mm in the former and 7.7+/-1.07 mm in the latter. After playing computer games at PC-room for 30 minutes, the BUT was as low as 4.6+/-1.61 seconds. The frequency of blinking was as low as 7.7+/-2.52 times/minute, and width of palpebral fissure as high as 9.2+/-1.24 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The highest value of palpebral fissure and the lowest value of BUT were obtained after playing computer games at PC room. These results indicate that the most severe dryness of eyes results from playing computer games at PC room and leads to eye fatigue easily. This was followed in the order of severe dryness by working on documents with desktop computers and laptop (notebook) computers. Therefore, proper rest during computer work, use of artificial tears and improved environment of the VDT working room are required.

Relation of psychosocial stress, eye strain, and critical flicker fusion of VDT workers

To clarify that the psychosocial factors affect the eye strain of the VDT workers, self-reporting questionnaire about eye strain, critical flicker fusion(CFF), and 12-item version of General Health Questionnaire(GHQ) were carried out to 13 female VDT workers who have done the electronic editing and 10 female controls who were nurses in one hospital. The sum of eye symptoms of VDT workers were significantly higher than controls, but CFF of both groups were not different. And the sum of eye symptoms and CFF were not correlated. High stress group(sum of GHQ > 3) shows significantly more eye symptoms than low stress group. This result suggest that the psychosocial factors could affect the eye strain of VDT workers.

Working Posture and Muscle Tension according to Screen Position during VDT Operation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate working condition in way of measuring working posture and muscle tension using the desktop personal computer and notebook personal computer having different screen height. METHOD: Seventeen healthy men performed wordprocessing task in three workstation: desktop PC on the conventional computer table (DPC (on)); desktop PC under the 'inside' type computer table (DPC (under)); notebook PC on the table (NPC). The viewing distance and angle, head and neck angle, thoracic bending and trunk inclination were measured. Muscle tension of right posterior neck muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and upper back muscle was also measured by integrated electromyogram (IEMG). RESULTS: 1) The viewing distance was the longest in DPC (under). 2) The lower the screen height, the more downward viewing angle and more flexed position in upper neck. 3) The posterior neck muscle tension was the lowest in DPC (on). 4) Stooped position was most frequently seen in NPC and the highest tension of posterior neck muscle and upper back muscle was shown in NPC. 5) In relation between postural analysis and muscle tension, muscle tension decreased with increasing backward reclining position, and the neck and thorax became more erect with increasing in viewing distance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the stooped posture was worst and most frequently seen in NPC. If neck flexion is avoided, DPC (under) position could lessen the visual and musculoskeletal problem. More Ergonomical study would be needed about working posture using computer.

Factors related symptoms of video disply terminal users

BACKGROUD: The use of video display terminal(VDT) is growing rapidly. The purpose of this study was to examine detailed symptoms related to VDT use, factors related to symptoms of VDT users. METHODS: 852 bank clerks using VDT who visited to a haspital in Pusan were enrolled in this study. Collected data ineluded age, sex, symptoms associated VDT, weekly VDT usage time, distance from head to hard distance from eyes to VDT, angle to VDT. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms related to VDT use was 27.0 percent. Symptoms involved visual (19.9%), musculoskeletal(10.8%), neurological system (0.5%). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of women was higher than men. The prevalence of visual symptoms of subjects less than 30 years of age was higher than those of 31 years and over. The prevalence of subjects with more than one symptoms was 33.7 percent; subjects with visual and musculoskeletal symptoms were most common. Angle to VDT af group having symptoms related to VDT use was 5.1+/-22.6 degrees while those without was -0.5+/-17.0 degrees(P<0.05). Weekly mean VDT usage time of group having symptoms related to VDT use was 25.0(3.0- 90.0) hours while thase without were 11.0(0.5- 100.0) hours<0.01). In order of fvequency subjects having visual, musculoskeletal, and neurolagical symptoms, angle to VDT and weekly mean VDT usage time were increased CONCLUSIONS: Factors related to symptoms of VDT users were weekly VDT usage time and angle to VDT. The prevalence of symptoms related to VDT use was 27.0 percent.

A study of subjective symptoms and life styles among long term computer users

BACKGROUND: The effect of Video Display Terminals(VDT) Syndrome is well documented. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference in systemic subjective symptoms between long term users of computers with that of the general population and to help plan to avoid the risk of developing Video Display Terminal Syndrome. METHOD: Data was collected for this study between August 1996 and February 1997. Two groups consisting of seventy(70) long term computer users(Exposed Subjects) and fifty nine(59) non users (Non Exposed Subjects), were selected for the survey. Data was gathered from the exposed subjects through their response to the survey questionnaire posted on the internet requiring detailed responses concerning ten systemic subjective symptoms that were experienced as a result of the long term exposure to VDT. Data was gathered from the non exposed subjects through written responses to the questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the more significant difference was the experience of ocular symptoms among the exposed group. The exposed group experienced in descending order eleven items of ocular symptoms. Congestion, strain, decreased visual acuity, ocular pain, and dryness. Among seven items of lifestyle, the exposed group characteristically exercised less(P<0.05) and did more home activity (P<0.05), characteristically lead healthier life than the non exposed group. Participation in exercise differed most among the groups. The exposed group participating in moderate exercise scored 517+/-551.6 compared to the non exposed group which exercised very vigorously(p<0.05). In comparison of subjective symptom and life styles per daily exposure time(over 8,10,16 hours daily) there was significant difference between 8 and 10hour exposers only in the stress item(P<0.05). In the exposure group there were less cardiovascular symptoms(P<0.05) due to more art activity(P<0.05), more cardiovascular symptoms and less sleep activity(P<0.001) and more ocular symptoms(P<0.05) due to higher levels of stress. CONCLUSIONS: By exercising, exposers can decrease the respiratory symptoms, and by seeking methods that enable efficient management of work time, the subjects can benefit from the reduced work time, and by seeking methods so that one receive less stress and can resolve them they can reduce their ocular symptoms, sleep problems, cardiovascular symptoms. And in their spare time, the subjects can be recommended to involve in art activity for each person, through PC indirectly. Designing the development of cyber gallery, museum, literature room, concert can reduce the oecur-rence rate of cardiovascular symptoms.

Relationship between the Serum CPK and the Shoulder Muscle Disorder in VDT Workers / 대한산업의학회지

VDT workers are often exposed to static load in the shoulder stabilizing muscle due to repetitive work over long periods. Many investigations were reported the relationships between static load due to repetitive work and regional muscle disorder. However, diagnostic approach to work-related muscle disorder is difficult due to the absence of objective diagnostic tools. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum CPK (creatine phosphokinase) concentrations and the shoulder muscle disorders. Results are as follow. 1. Mean serum CPK in total VDT workers was 67.6+/-28.4 IU/l and workers with abnormal serum CPK were 35 (21.5%). 2. Comparison between cases and controls did not show significant difference in the serum CPK level and the distribution of abnormal findings. 3. Sensitivity and specificity of the CPK test was 23.0% and 82.0%, respectively. Above results, in accordance with literatures, show that while serum CPK measure menu can be useful for the diagnosis of acute muscle injury, it does not adequately reflect the muscle disorders developed by the repetitive work of low tension over long time, such as VDT works.

Association between Musculoskeletal Subjective Symptoms and the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) Profile of Female VDT Operators / 대한산업의학회지

A study was conducted to assess the association between musculoskeletal subjective symptoms and the MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) profile. The study subjects were 539 female operators of telecommunication company in Seoul, and were interviewed with subjective symptom questionnaire and MMPI. Results were as follows 1. 77.5% of the study subjects complained subjective symptoms on the shoulder, 73.8% on the neck, 71.8% on the lower back, 67.5% on the arm, 67.2% on the hand, 39.8% on the elbow, respectively. According to NIOSH symptom criteria, 63% complained on the shoulder, 57.4%, 54.6% on the lower back, 53.2% on the hand, 45.9% on the arm, 29.8% on the elbow, respectively. 2. Among the MMPI clinical scales, Hs(Hypochondriasis), Hy(Hystria) and Dep (Depression) scales showed significant differences according to the numbers of subjective symptom(NIOSH criteria), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), and the experience of sick leave (each by ANOVA, p<0.05). 3. The association between the numbers of subjective symptom site for NIOSH symptom criteria, the personal history of sick leave and the MMPI profile that has more than 70 points in anything of Hs, Dep and Hy scales was showed significantly (each by x(2)-test, p<0.05).