Observation of vortex venous anastomosis in central serous chorioretinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the anastomotic status of the vortex veins in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:A cross-sectional study of clinical practice. From July 2021 to July 2022, 50 cases (50 eyes) of monocular CSC patients diagnosed through ophthalmic examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in the study. Among them, there were 37 males (74.0%, 37/50) and 13 females (26.0%, 13/50), with the mean age of (44.30±9.59) years old. The course of disease from the onset of symptoms to the time of treatment was less than 3 months. The affected eye and contralateral eye of CSC patients were divided into the affected eye group and contralateral eye group, respectively. Fifty healthy volunteers of the same age and gender were selected as the normal control group with 50 eyes. The macular area scanning source optical coherence tomography (OCT) vascular imaging examination was performed with Visual Microimaging (Henan) Technology Co., Ltd. VG200D. Horizontal watershed vortex veins anastomosis rate and asymmetric vortex-venous dilation rate were observed by en face OCT. The device comes with software to calculate the central foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), mean choroidal thickness (MCT), and choroidal vascular index (CVI). One-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to compare the three groups. When variances were unequal between groups, nonparametric tests were performed. Results:The SFCT values of the affected eye group, contralateral eye group, and normal control group were (567.12±129.02), (513.26±133.17), (327.64±97.40) μm, respectively; MCT were (407.38±97.54), (388.24±94.13), (275.46±60.55) μm, respectively; CVI were 0.34±0.05, 0.32±0.04, and 0.27±0.04, respectively; anastomosis rates of vortex veins were 98% (49/50), 78% (39/50), and 40% (20/50), respectively; asymmetric dilation rates of vortex veins were 96% (48/50), 88% (44/50), and 48% (24/50), respectively. The differences of SFCT ( F=53.974), MCT ( Z=51.415), CVI ( F=28.082), vortex vein anastomosis rate ( χ2=43.056), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins ( χ2=37.728) among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Compared with the contralateral eye group, the SFCT, MCT, CVI, vortex vein anastomosis rate, and vortex vein asymmetric dilation rate in the affected eye group were significantly higher than those in the contralateral eye group. Among them, the differences of SFCT ( t=2.054), CVI ( t=2.211), and vortex vein anastomosis rate ( χ2=9.470) were statistically significant ( P<0.05); the differences of MCT ( Z=7.490), asymmetric dilation rate of vortex veins ( χ2=2.714) were not statistically significant ( P=1.000, 0.140). Conclusions:SFCT, MCT, and CVI in the affected and contralateral eyes of monocular CSC patients significantly increase. The anastomotic rate and asymmetric dilation rate of the vortex vein in the opposite eye were lower than those in the affected eye.

The curative effect and mechanism of magnetic hyperthermia in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 We combined the concept of traditional medicine with magnetic induction technology, originally brought up the research concept of magnetic hyperthermia to cure KOA, explored the mechanism and constructed a new treatment of KOA with modern medical features. 【Methods】 Through establishing a primary KOA model in rats and constructing ferrimagnetic vortex domain iron oxide nanorings (FVIOs) as a platform for highly efficient magnetic hyperthermia agent, the lesions of KOA were heated accurately under the low-intensity magnetic field. We confirmed the curative effect through the results of pain perception, histopathology, knee joint morphology and microscopic bone structure and the content of serum inflammatory factor, to study the therapeutic mechanism of magnetic hyperthermia for KOA. 【Results】 Compared with the model group, the recovery of mechanical pain threshold after magnetic hyperthermia improved by approximately 48.9%; the degree of hyperemia and edema of joint capsule and synovial tissue and the wear degree of joint cartilage surface, were significantly reduced; the Mankin and OARSI scores decreased by about 33% and 20%, respectively; the MicroCT results indicated that the degree of hardening of the subchondral bone also improved; the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum was reduced. 【Conclusion】 In this study, we utilized the FVIOs as a high-efficiency magnetic hyperthermia platform for the treatment of KOA. The efficacy of magnetic hyperthermia on KOA is clarified, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors.

Progress and research status of ocular venous air embolism caused by vitrectomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Ocular venous air embolism(OVAE)is a rare and fatal complication in vitrectomy. Due to the proximity of the surgical site to the heart and its level above the heart, OVAE may be the most severe complication in the venous air embolism(VAE)caused by surgery. With the development of vitrectomy, perfusion cannulas in the suture-free state may slide outward, and the perfused gas can enter the suprachoroidal space, which results in tearing of the vortex veins. Choroidal vascular wounds resulting from trauma and endoresection of choroidal melanoma can expose directly in the perfused gas during vitreous cavity gas-liquid exchange. This makes it possible that the pressurized gas enters the circulatory system through the torn vortex veins or the anomalous choroidal venous openings, which leads to OVAE. Nowadays, the definition, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and prevention of OVAE are being refined. However, most vitreoretinal surgeons and anesthesiologists are still unaware of this iatrogenic complication. It will be helpful to detect this complication early and make emergency management in time by increasing the awareness of OVAE and develop effective prevention strategies. The prevention and control principles of OVAE can be continuously optimized by the combination of clinical and laboratory studies. It will be conducive to the establishment and improvement of emergency treatment and preventive measures of OVAE to fully understand the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of OVAE, to pay attention to the characteristics of secondary lesions of OVAE, and to attach importance to multi-disciplinary cooperation.

Improved Glass Bead-Vortex Oscillation Method for DNA Extraction from Diatom / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To examine the effect of improving diatom DNA extraction by glass bead - vortex oscillation method.@*METHODS@#The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as control, two plant DNA extraction kits with different principles (New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit and Plant DNA Isolation kit) and one whole blood DNA extraction kit (whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit) were selected to extract diatom DNA from lung tissue and water sample of the same drowning case. The combination of mass ratio of glass beads with different sizes and vortex oscillation time was designed, and the optimal DNA extraction conditions were selected with the addition of glass beads oscillation. The extracted products of the conventional group and the modified group were directly electrophoretic and detected by diatom specific PCR. Finally, all the extracts were quantified by qPCR, and the Ct values of different groups were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#When the frequency of vortex oscillation was 3 000 r/min, the optimal combination of DNA extraction was vortex oscillation for 4 min, and the mass ratio of large glass beads to small glass beads was 1∶1. The DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit was used as a reference, and the Ct value of 10 mL water sample was greater than that of 0.5 g tissue. The Ct values of the other three kits used for plant DNA extraction decreased after the glass beads-vortex oscillation method was used, and the Ct values of the tissues before and after the improvement were statistically significant (P<0.05). The whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit used in this study could successfully extract diatom DNA, the extraction of water samples was close to DNeasy PowerSoil Pro kit, after the modified method was applied to tissue samples, the difference in Ct value was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, when the three kits were used to extract diatom DNA from water samples, Ct values before and after the improvement were only statistically significant in New Plant genomic DNA extraction kit group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The improved glass bead-vortex oscillation method can improve the extraction efficiency of diatom DNA from forensic materials, especially from tissue samples, by plant and blood DNA extraction kits.

Study of the energy loss and vortex in the left ventricle in patients with mid-range and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction by vector flow mapping / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the energy loss (EL) and vortex characteristics in the left ventricle by vector flow mapping (VFM) technique in heart failure patients with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods:One hundred and five patients in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from October 2016 to November 2017 with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<50% were enrolled and divided into HFmrEF Group (LVEF40%~<50%, 56 cases) and HFrEF group (LVEF<40%, 49 cases). Another 32 healthy people at the same period were matched as control group. The EL, vortex area and circulation of isovolumic relaxation phase (IVR), rapid filling phase (RFP), atrial contraction phase (ACP), isovolumic contraction phase (IVC) and rapid ejection phase (REP) in the left ventricle was measured by VFM technique.Results:The EL in HFmrEF group and HFrEF group was lower than that in the control group. In ACP, the EL was gradually decreased among the control group, HFmrEF group and HFrEF group( P<0.05). In ACP, the vortex area and circulation was larger in heart failure patients than those in the control group, and gradually increased from control group, to HFrEF group( P<0.05). Positive correlation between EL and E/e ′ was evidenced in the RFP ( r=0.524, P< 0.001). While in ACP, there was a positive correlation between EL and A peak ( r=0.492, P<0.001), and a negative correlation between EL and vortex area ( r=-0.235, P=0.040). Conclusions:VFM can be applied to evaluate the EL in left ventricle. The EL in the left ventricle of patients with HFmrEF and HFrEF is significantly lower than that in control group. El is correlated with cardiac systolic and diastolic function and vortex area.

Numerical Simulation on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Evaluation of Vortex Generators Designed for Sprint Garment / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect from circumferential distribution angle of forwards wedge vortex generators on aerodynamic drag reduction during flow around a cylinder, so as to provide theoretical evidences for low drag sprint garment design. Methods Forwards wedge vortex generators were reconstructed based on the NIKE’s AeroBalde. Given that the individual parts of an athlete body can be treated as multiple cylinders with varied dimensions and positions, 48 forwards wedge vortex generators were distributed as four columns on windward side of the cylinder, which were symmetrical with the YOZ plane. When the air flowed through the cylinder at the speed of 32 km/h, large eddy simulation was carried out on the computational domains which were properly meshed with polyhedral mesh to investigate the drag force, flow filed and pressure distributions. Results It was effective for drag reduction of the cylinder induced by airflow when two columns of forwards wedge vortex generators were circumferential distributed in the range of 55°-75°and the circumferential internal angle between two columns was in the range of 10° or 15°. The pressure distribution on leeward side of the cylinder was apparently changed after surface modification, which minimized the pressure drag dominant in aerodynamic drag. The drag reduction mechanism was that micro-vortices were generated downstream after flow through the forwards wedge vortex generators, which resulted in an early transition to critical flow with low drag force. Conclusions Effective aerodynamic drag reduction is achieved if forwards wedge vortex generators are properly distributed. The research findings can provide guidance for wind tunnel test and low drag sprint garment design.

The left ventricular cavity blood flow energy loss in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy as detected by vector flow mapping / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics of blood flow in isovolumic systole(IVC)of left ventric-ular(LV)in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by flow-vector imaging(VFM). Methods Color flow Doppler imaging was performed from the apical long-axis view in 58 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who was admitted in our hospital from October 2015 to November 2016 and 56 healthy volunteers as control. Doppler flow data ob-tained during IVC were analyzed offline with vector flow mapping.Results At the beginning of IVC,the swirl area (15 ± 3)cm2and flow(36 ± 8)cm2/s in the control group were significantly less than those in the observation group (27 ± 8)cm2,(45 ± 12)cm2/s,all P=0.000.At the end of IVC,the vortex flow was similar in both groups[(28 ± 4)cm2/s vs.(29 ± 11)cm2/s,P=0.617)],and the vortex area in the control group was significantly smaller than that in the observation group[(16 ± 3)cm2vs.(24 ± 9)cm2,P=0.000)].During the IVC,the area of the vortex in the control group increased slightly but not significantly(P = 0.073),but the flow rate decreased significantly (10 ± 27%). The area and volume of the vortex in the observation group decreased significantly with the flow de-creased by 29 ± 54%(P=0.000 vs.the control group).When the aortic valve was open,the average blood flow veloc-ity in the middle and basal parts of the LV compartment in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In multivariate models,a decreased LV ejection fraction was the only independent pre-dictor of the percentage decrease in area of the vortex during the IVC(P < 0.001),and a larger QRS width(P =0.026)and LV end-systolic long diameter(P = 0.004)were independent predictors of the percentage decrease in flow volume of the vortex. Conclusion The VFM technique enables a better assessment of the pathophysiological state of LV lumen energy loss during IVC in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by vortex imaging.

Root canal volume change and transportation by Vortex Blue, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Universal in curved root canals

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare root canal volume change and canal transportation by Vortex Blue (VB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer), and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer) nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty canals with 20°–45° of curvature from extracted human molars were used. Root canal instrumentation was performed with VB, PTN, and PTU files up to #30.06, X3, and F3, respectively. Changes in root canal volume before and after the instrumentation, and the amount and direction of canal transportation at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the root apex were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Data of canal volume change were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, while data of amount and direction of transportation were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among 3 groups in terms of canal volume change (p > 0.05). For the amount of transportation, PTN showed significantly less transportation than PTU at 3 mm level (p = 0.005). VB files showed no significant difference in canal transportation at all 3 levels with either PTN or PTU files. Also, VB files showed unique inward transportation tendency in the apical area. CONCLUSIONS: Other than PTN produced less amount of transportation than PTU at 3 mm level, all 3 file systems showed similar level of canal volume change and transportation, and VB file system could prepare the curved canals without significant shaping errors.

LENS SURGERY IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND. The study was my doctoral thesis under supervision of Prof. Dr. BenoneCarstocea - Head of Romanian Ophthalmologist Society, Head of Central Military Hospital- Department of Ophthalmology and the Head of the vitreo-retinal surgeon’s society, within 2004-2008 and it was held in October 2010 in Bucharest. The thesis included two parts; theoretical part is comprehensive and major literature review by that time and personal part is analysis of all factors such as surgical methods, techniques, IOLs, OVDs development which have direct impact on final achievement of cataract surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Personal research part is retrospective and cohort study combination, performed between 2004-2008 in the Ophthalmology clinic of Central Military Hospital, Bucharest. In total 12.042 cases were analyzed; 11.548 surgical cases from Central Military Hospital and 494 surgical cases from private eye clinic “Laser Optics”. As surgical methods followings were studied and all aspects compared; using ultrasound is high energy or hot phacoemulsification method and cold methods or modern, low energy phacoemulsification methods such as UltraSonic phacoemulsification, AquaLase, Endolaser Vortex Phacoemulsification and PhacoLaser. Due to lower level of energy it brings some additional advantages on reducing corneal and wound related complications and much safer for posterior capsule. AquaLase is non-ultrasound method where a liquid jet performs the emulsification. There is absolutely no incision heat and no friction, because the tip does not vibrate. The tip is soft and round, friendly instrument for posterior capsule.Therefore it might be the best choice in refractive lens exchange surgery. Catarex is true endocapsular vortex emulsification where uses a rotary impeller to create an endocapsular vortex that emulsifies lens fragments without ultrasound or laser. Advantages are lack of significant heat buildup, wound burn or endothelial damage etc. It is most exciting method for achieving desired result of physiological-like lens implant which can accommodate later with true injectable IOL. RESULTS. According to the comparative study on intra and postoperative complications for each of the above 5 methods, it has been revealed that lower incident of corneal edema belongs to the phaco laser method with 1.2%, by ultrasonic with 12.8% and by ultrasound it increased up to 16%. Posterior capsule rupture unlikely to occur in AquaLase (1%) rather than Ultrasonic emulsification method where it was up to 7.1%. Nevertheless nucleus droplet complication occurred with highest rate only in ultrasound emulsification with 1.3%; lowest rate showed at the laser emulsification with 0.7%. The other complications as endophthalmitis, posterior capsule opacity and retinal detachment met only on ultrasound emulsification method. CONCLUSION. In the case of soft cataract Aqualase, Facolaser, Neosonix, Vortex methods are more efficient and safer than ultrasound. In difficult cases such as subluxated cataract, polar cataract, traumatic cataract, those methods ensure safer surgery for patient avoiding complications. Lens surgery development in the new millennium is moving towards to more non-invasive technology which is performed as an emulsification through almost entire lens bag and implant directly injectable lens material. The study showed that postoperative visual recovery was faster through these methods with reduced incident of complications. One another importance is the cost of intervention is significantly reduced.

Derivación acuoso-vena vorticosa: estudio peliminar en conejos / Aqueous-vortex vein shunt. A preliminary study in rabbits

Propósito: Determinar la posibilidad de realizar una derivación entre la cámara anterior (CA) y la vena vorticosa, para disminuir la presión intraocular (PIO). Métodos: Se estableció una derivación entre la cámara anterior y una vena vorticosa, en 16 ojos de conejos albinos vivos; el ojo contralateral sirvió como control Estas derivaciones se hicieron con un tubo de teflón, de diámetro externo 0.90 mm y diámetro interno 0.50 mm. Las medidas de la PIO, se hicieron, en ambos ojos, con el tonómetro de Goldmann, 2 o 3 veces a la semana, durante 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 y 180 días. Resultados: Se produjo una reducción significativa en la PIO, entre el ojo intervenido y el ojo control. Dichas reducciones fueron entre el 40 y 50%. Se comprobó la permeabilidad del tubo; ningún tubo se salió de la vorticosa; tampoco hubo penetración del tubo hacia la cámara anterior. Así mismo ningún tubo se movió hacia atrás ni se salió de la cámara anterior. No se observaron precipitados queráticos, ni sinequias ni daño en el cristalino. No se evidenció prolapso del iris, filtración en la herida, infección o hifema. Microscópicamente no hubo trombosis de la vena vorticosa. Conclusiones: Los resultados, corroborados mediante microscopio, prueban la viabilidad de una derivación acuoso-vorticosa para disminuir la PIO, en modelos animales.

Purpose: To determine the possibility of performing a shunt between the anterior chamber (AC) and the vortex vein, to decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: A shunt was created between the anterior chamber and the vortex vein, in 16 eyes of albino rabbits; the contralateral eye served as control. These shunts were made with a Teflon tube, 0.90 mm diameter external and 0.50 mm internal diameter .The IOP measurements were made in both eyes, with the Goldmann tonometer 2 to 3 times per week, for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Results: There was a significant reduction in IOP between the operated eye and the control eye. These reductions were between 40 and 50%. Permeability of the tube was found; no tube was moved out from the vorticosa; there was no penetration of the tube into the anterior chamber. Also no tube reversed nor overshot the anterior chamber. No keratic precipitates, synechiae or damage to the lens were observed. There was no evidence of iris prolapse, filtration or infection of the wound or hyphema. Microscopically there was no vortex vein thrombosis.Conclusions: The results, proven microscopically, showed the feasibility of an aqueous- vortex vein shunt to decrease IOP in animal models.

In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Corneal Tissue in Amiodarone-Induced Vortex Keratopathy

PURPOSE: To analyze the morphology of corneal tissue in patients with Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). CASE SUMMARY: Four eyes of 2 patients with clinically diagnosed Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy were examined using corneal topography and IVCM. Cross-sectioned corneal images of the corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stromal layer, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium were evaluated. Location of corneal deposits examined by conventional slit-lamp microscopy was correlated with findings of corneal topography. The curvature map of corneal topography revealed an unusual irregular astigmatism with generalized mild steepening consistent with the location of the corneal deposits and the elevation map showed the change of corneal elevation according to the corneal deposits. Multiple hyper-reflective whitish dots were found at the corneal epithelial level and some were found at the anterior stromal level. Regarding the corneal endothelial layer, case 1 demonstrated normal corneal endothelial tissue, but case 2 showed several hyper-reflective whitish dots in the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy, IVCM showed corneal deposits in the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. Distribution of microdeposits in the corneal tissue caused an irregular astigmatism.

Vector flow mapping for assessing Beagle dogs′ left ventricular vortex in selective bi-polar single site cardiac pacing / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of left ventricular(LV) vortex strength(VS) and distribution during selective cardiac pacing in a phases of cardiac cycle using vector flow mapping techniques ,and associate with LV mechanical performance ,so as to provide basic experimental database for optimizing the sites of the artificial cardiac pacing in clinic conditions .Methods Eight heathy open‐chest Beagle dog models were employed for selective right ventricular apical (RVAP ) ,left ventricular apical (LVAP) and lateral wall pacing (LVLP) .The standard two‐dimensional apical three views with color Doppler flow and dynamic two‐dimensional images were acquired consecutively in three cardiac cycles for further off‐line analysis ,conventional parameters were measured at same time .Results Compared with baseline ,LVSV ,LVEF ,LVCO and dp/dtmax were both reduced ,and the parameters obtained leftside cardiac pacing were lower than that of right ventricular pacing ( P < 0 0.5) ,there′s no significant difference in E/Vp .The vortex pattern ,distribution and vorticity at six typical phases induced by selective cardiac pacing were totally different from those at baseline with sinus rhythm ,and leftside pacing were worsen than RVAP ,the LVAP were most obvious .On multivariable regression analysis ,the VS during ES (VSES ) at baseline was independently related to late‐diastolic VS and longitudinal strain (R2 = 0 6.3 ,P < 0 0.01 and P=0 0.03 ,respectively) .Conclusions The selective cardiac pacing could induce intracardiac vortex changes and differ from that at baseline ,and the persistence of vortex from late diastole into ES is a haemodynamic measure of coupling between diastole and systole .

Analyses of Water and Methanol Extractable Pentachlorophenol in Soils Using Vortex-assisted Liquid-liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography / 分析化学

An analytical procedure for the determination of water-and methanol-extractable pentachlorophenol ( PCP) in soils using vortex assisted liquid-liquid extraction ( VALLE ) and gas chromatography ( GC ) was developed. Significant extraction parameters, such as liquid-liquid ratio and vortex speed were optimized. The recovery of PCP was the highest ( 97. 4%) at the vortex rotation speed of 2000 r/min, with good reproducbility and a small relative sdandard deviation ( RSD, 0. 5%), with regard to the volume ratio of derivatization solution to n-hexane, the recovery of PCP was 103% with an RSD of 0. 7% at 10:4. The linearity of the calibration ranged from 1. 25 μg/L to 4000 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0. 9999. The detection limit of the PCP in water was below 0. 2 μg/L. Compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE) and solid phase extraction ( SPE) , the VALLE method was more simple and more economic in terms of chemical consumption, also with a recovery of 96. 8% and a RSD of 3. 7%. Four different soils were used to check the reliability of this method. The soils were respectively extracted with water once and methanol three times. The total recoveries were 89. 5%-98. 9% and 88. 7%-98. 4% at the PCP spiking level of 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. It is concluded that the VALLE method satisfied the extraction and determination of water and methanol extractable PCP in soils with varying PCP polluting rates.

Determination of total alkaloids in plasma of rats after oral administration with Mahuang Decoction by acid dye colorimetry / 中草药

Objective: To propose the feasibility of the vortex method of acid dye colorimetry replacing extraction method to determine the content of total alkaloids in plasma of rats after oral administration with Mahuang Decoction. Methods: The contents of total alkaloids in plasma of rats orally administered with Mahuang Decoction extracted by traditional extraction method and vortex method were determined by acid dye colorimetry, and the results were contrasted and analyzed. Results: The extraction method and vortex method had good linear relationship in the range of 4-40 and 4-80 μg/mL with the average recovery rates of 95.63% (RSD = 1.92%) and 111.55% (RSD = 0.26%), respectively. The regression equations established were A = 0.0171 C + 0.2355, r = 0.9855 and A = 0.0068 C + 0.0102, r = 0.9964. The metabolic processes of total alkaloids in rats were both complied with the one-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters AUC, Cmax, tmax, and t1/2 were 5.30 × 105 min·μg/mL, 57.13 μg/mL, 37.20 min, 6403.78 min and 1.94 × 106 min·μg/mL, 663.20 μg/mL, 361.90 min, 1756.87 min. The Cmax and AUC of vortex method were 11.61 times and 3.66 times compared with those of extraction method. Conclusion: The vortex method is more rapid, accurate, sensitive, simple, stable, safe, and reproducible and has little harm to laboratory assistants, which can extract the total alkaloids in maximum, with the necessity, scientificity, and practicality of replacing traditional extraction method.

Current Clinical Application of Intracardiac Flow Analysis Using Echocardiography

In evaluating the cardiac function, it is important to have a comprehensive assessment of structural factors, such as the myocardial or valvular function and intracardiac flow dynamics that pass the heart. Vortex flow that form during left ventricular filling have specific geometry and anatomical location that are critical determinants of directed blood flow during ejection. The formation of abnormal vortices relates to the abnormal cardiac function. Therefore, vortex flow may offer a novel index of cardiac dysfunction. Intracardiac flow visualization using ultrasound technique has definite advantages with a higher temporal resolution and availability in real time clinical setting. Vector flow mapping based on color-Doppler and contrast echocardiography using particle image velocimetry is currently being used for visualizing the intracardiac flow. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an update on the current method for analyzing intracardiac flow using echocardiography and its clinical applications.

Vortex evolution induced by jets in realistic human mouth throat model / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the vortex structure and vortex evolution induced by jets in mouth-pharynx area, so as to deepen the understanding of jet motion characteristics and disease prevention in mouth-pharynx area. Methods CT scanning and 3D reconstruction were used to construct 3D model of realistic human mouth-throat model, and the method of large eddy numerical simulation was used to accurately simulate the process of vortex evolution in the model. ResultsIn the phase of inhalation, several vortex tubes were formed in mouth, and a turbulence jet appeared in the glottal region. In the phase of exhalation, the intense jet in the glottal region caused complex vortex structures in throat. Conclusions During inhalation, transition occurrs in the pharynx, and the “horseshoe vortexes” which are similar to the shape of horseshoe appeared on the anterior wall of the trachea. During exhalation, “arch vortex” are formed on the posterior wall of throat with the barrier of epiglottis.

Experimental apparatus for measuring flow field of human upper respiratory tract with PIV technology / 医用生物力学

Objective To develop a measurement device and provide a platform for researching the characteristics of human upper respiratory tract flow field based on PIV (particle image velocimetry) technology with respect to the characteristics that human upper respiratory tract flow may form the vortex structure, flow shunt and secondary flow. Methods A transparent physical model of human upper respiratory tract was prepared based on the completely scanned medical images. By means of selecting appropriate air pressure system, combined with two-dimensional PIV system, a complete experimental apparatus was established. Based on the apparatus, preliminary experiment on air velocity in human upper respiratory tract flow field was conducted, and the experiment result was compared with the numerical simulation result. Results Under the steady breathing pattern at respiratory flow of 30 L/min, respiratory air flow measured by the experimental apparatus led to the formation of vortex structure in the front part of oral cavity. Air velocity was relatively higher both in the lower part of oral cavity near the upper tongue and in the middle part of oral cavity, while the velocity was relatively lower in the other parts of oral cavity. The results were in accordance with numerical simulation. Conclusions The experimental apparatus for human upper respiratory tract flow measurement based on PIV technology is practical and reliable, which can be applied in the measurement of airflow organization patterns and vorticity distributions in human upper respiratory tract, and realize the verification of numerical simulation results.

Study of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with myocardial infarction using vector flow mapping / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To assess the clinical application value of vector flow mapping (VFM) in evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in patients with myocardial infarction(MI).Methods Fifty patients with MI were enrolled as patients group.Sixty healthy people were enrolled as control group.The quantitative parameters,including position of vortex,the number of laps,the half-value area (S),Diameter of half-value area of vortex (D),the maximum flow volume of vortex (Qmax),and vortex intensity (Qmax/S)were measured in the VFM imaging mode and vortex mode.Difference of the parameters was evaluated between two groups.Ea/Aa were derived via TDI.And correlation analysis was performed between Ea/Aa and Qmax/S.Results Vortex were close to midline and apex cordis.Qmax/S in patients group were decreased,but the number of turns and S and D in patients group were increased.Qmax was changed during different periods of different vortex.Qmax/S had a good correlation with Ea/Aa.Conclusions VFM is a new accurate way for clinical to analysis quantificationally left ventricular blood flow structure and provides quantitative index.

Comparison of adherence ability of bacteria on the surface of rigid gas-permeable contact lens made with different materials / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Wearing contaclenincreasethe risk of infection of the cornea.Some studieshowed the gas-permeability of materialused foconstructing corneal contaclenione of the contributing factorrelated to corneal health.Objective Thistudy wato observe the in vitro adherence ability of differenbacterito rigid gas-permeable contaclense(RGP-CL) made with varioumaterials.MethodContaclensemade with hexafocon,enflufocon opolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were placed into Staphylococcuaureus,Staphylococcuepidermidis,oPseudomonaaeruginosbacterial suspension(0.5 MCF) fo24 hours.The strength of bacterial adherence watested and studied by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetrimethod based on absorbance (value),and the vortex method waused to calculate the colony forming units.The bactericlump formation waexamined with scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultMTcolorimetrimethod showed thathe adherence ability of Staphylococcuaureuto hexafocon (value) wasignificantly lowethan thato enflufocon and PMMA,respectively (q=7.379,8.207,P＜0.01),buno significandifference wafound in the adherence ability of Staphylococcuaureubetween enflufocon and PMM(q =0.828,P＞0.05).The adherence ability of Staphylococcuepidermidito XO and enflufocon walowethan thato PMM(q =14.000,12.800,P＜0.01),buno significandifference wafound between the adherence of Staphylococcuepidermidito hexafocon and enflufocon material (q =1.200,P＞0.05).There wano significandifference in the adherence ability of Pseudomonaaeruginosto all three material(F=2.155,P=0.138).The vortex method presented the colony forming unitof Staphylococcuaureuto hexafocon,enflufocon and PMMwith (37.9± 1.5)×106,(49.9±2.2)×106 and (67.4± 1.6)×106,respectively,with significandifference among them (F =206.240,P＜0.01),showing the lowesvalue in hexafocon,the highesvalue in PMMand middle value in enflufocon (q=11.650,28.640,16.990,P＜0.01),Moreover,colony forming uniof Staphylococcuepidermidito hexafocon,enflufocon and PMMwa(7.9 ± 1.3) × 106,(10.5 ± 1.5) × 106,(11.2 ±1.2) × 106,respectively.And thaof hexafocon walowethan one of the PMMmaterial (q =5.060,P＜0.05).No significandifference wafound between hexafocon and enflufocon nobetween hexafocon and PMM(q =3.290,1.770,P＞0.05).In addition,the resultthacorresponded to the vortex method were seen in the MTcolorimetriassay (F =0.232,P =0.799).SEM examination showed dispersed population of Staphylococcuaureuand Staphylococcuepidermidion the surfaceof hexafocon and enflufocon;while much more Staphylococcuaureuand Staphylococcuepidermidiadhered on the surface of PMMA,forming net-like appearance.Conversely,high numbeof Pseudomonaaeruginoswaseen on the surface of all three materials,withounoticeable differencein the bacterial shape and quantity on each of the material.ConclusionThe adherence ability of bacterito PMMistrongethan thaof hexafocon and enflufocon,and gas-permeable material of RGP-CL doenoimpacthe adherence ability of bacteria.