Protocolo para la citología vaginal directa de ratas de laboratorio / Protocol for direct vaginal cytology of laboratory rats

Introducción: La citología vaginal directa es un método muy utilizado para la evaluación del ciclo estral de las ratas de laboratorio, pero la información acerca de los procedimientos e interpretación de los resultados aparece disgregada en la literatura, lo cual dificulta su empleo en los estudios de reproducción. Objetivo: Proponer un protocolo para la realización de la citología vaginal directa de ratas de laboratorio y la interpretación de los resultados. Material y métodos: Se combinó la información de la literatura y la experiencia de 10 años de estudios de reproducción, en los que se han empleado un total de 250 ratas Wistar hembras, siguiendo preceptos éticos establecidos. Se describen los procedimientos para la obtención de las muestras, mediante lavado vaginal, así como para su observación y análisis en estado húmedo, con microscopio óptico y cámara digital acoplada. Resultados: Se describen los tipos celulares principales presentes en el lavado vaginal y las características que permiten identificar cada fase o estado de transición del ciclo estral. Se discuten aspectos a considerar en la interpretación de los resultados, que incluye la relación con los cambios hormonales, los cuidados en la obtención de la muestra y la influencia de factores ambientales. Se muestran imágenes y figuras representativas para ilustrar el texto. Conclusiones: El trabajo constituye un protocolo para el estudio del ciclo estral de ratas de laboratorio, mediante la citología vaginal directa. Provee métodos no invasivos, sencillos y económicos, así como conocimientos esenciales para la interpretación de los resultados, que integran una guía de gran utilidad para los estudios experimentales de reproducción(AU)

Introduction: Direct vaginal cytology is a widely used method for the evaluation of the estrous cycle of laboratory rats, but the information about the procedures and interpretation of results is dispersed through literature, making its use difficult in investigations on reproduction. Objective: To propose a protocol for performing direct vaginal cytology of laboratory rats as well as for the interpretation of the results. Material and methods: The information obtained from literature and the experience of 10 years of investigation on reproduction in 250 female Wistar rats were combined following the established ethical principles. The procedures for obtaining samples by vaginal washing and by observation and analysis in humid state with light microscope equipped with digital camera were described. Results: The main types of cells present in the vaginal washing and the characteristics that allow us to identify each phase or transitional phases of the estrus cycle are described. Aspects to take into consideration in the interpretation of the results, which include the association between hormonal changes, the cares in the obtaining of the sample and the influence of environmental factors, are discussed. Representative images and figures are included to illustrate the text. Conclusions: The work consists of a study protocol of the estrus cycle of laboratory rats by direct vaginal cytology. It provides noninvasive, simple and cost-reducing procedures as well as essential knowledge for the interpretation of results which integrate a very useful guideline for experimental investigations on reproduction(AU)

Infección por virus del papiloma humano en mujeres del Cantón Cañar, Ecuador / Human papillomavirus infection among women from Cañar Canton in Ecuador

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios sobre la circulación del virus del papiloma humano en mujeres ecuatorianas, particularmente residentes en el Cantón Cañar. Objetivo: Determinar la circulación del virus del papiloma humano, las alteraciones en la citología cérvico-vaginal de mujeres cañaríes y el comportamiento de algunas variables sociodemográficas y clínico-epidemiológicas. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal desde julio 2017-septiembre 2018. Se colectaron células cervicouterinas de 100 mujeres entre 15 y 55 años de edad para determinar la infección viral y alteraciones citológicas. Se investigó la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas y clínico-epidemiológicas con la infección viral. Resultados: El 51 por ciento (51/100) de las mujeres examinadas resultó positivo al virus, con predominio de los genotipos oncogénicos. El genotipo 31 fue el más frecuente (56,9 por ciento; 29/51), seguido por el genotipo 58 (43,1 por ciento; 22/51). Las mujeres mayores de 50 años, tenían una probabilidad menor de estar infectadas (3,9 por ciento; 2/51). La probabilidad de infección fue mayor en mujeres solteras, con antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual, que padecían procesos cervicales inflamatorios, y en las fumadoras. La infección con genotipo 66 estuvo asociada al uso de anticonceptivos hormonales (53,3 por ciento; 8/15); p= 0,045, RP= 3,08 IC95 por ciento (1,00-9,46). Se obtuvo el 97 por ciento de citologías negativas para malignidad; no se diagnosticaron casos con lesiones de alto grado. Conclusiones: La elevada prevalencia de infección con genotipos oncogénicos en contraste con la baja frecuencia de citologías positivas, indica la necesidad de implementar programas eficientes para la detección precoz del cáncer cervicouterino en la población del Cañar y divulgar campañas de educación sexual y reproductiva(AU)

Introduction: Few studies are available about the circulation of human papillomavirus among Ecuadorian women, particularly those from Cañar Canton. Objectives: Determine the circulation of human papillomavirus, alterations in the cervical-vaginal cytology of women from Cañar Canton, and the behavior of some sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2017 to September 2018. Cervical cells were collected from 100 women aged 15-55 years to determine viral infection and cytological alterations. An analysis was performed of the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables to viral infection. Results: Of the women examined, 51 percent; (51/100) tested positive for the virus, with a predominance of oncogenic genotypes. Genotype 31 was the most common (56.9 percent;; 29/51), followed by genotype 58 (43.1 percent; 22/51). Women aged over 50 years had a lesser probability of being infected (3.9 percent;; 2/51). Infection probability was greater among single women, with a history of sexually transmitted infections, who suffered from inflammatory cervical processes, and smokers. Infection by genotype 66 was associated to the use of hormonal contraceptives (53.3 percent;; 8/15); p= 0.045, PR= 3.08 CI95 percent; (1.00-9.46). Of the sample cytologies, 97 percent; were negative for malignancy; no case was diagnosed of high-grade lesions. Conclusions: The high prevalence of infection by oncogenic genotypes, as opposed to the low frequency of positive cytologies, points to the need to implement efficient programs aimed at early detection of cervical cancer in the population of Cañar Canton, as well as sexual and reproductive education campaigns(AU)

Investigation of the estrogenic activity of Pueraria candollei variety mirifica extract on rats

Background: Pueraria candollei variety mirifica (PM) has been widely used as ingredient in many rejuvenating products. In this study, we aimed to assess the estrogenic activity of PM extract grown in Vietnam.Methods: Estrogenic activity of PM extract was estimated on immature female rats by using uterotrophic method to measure the weight of the reproductive organs. Estrogenic activity of PM extract also was investigated in mature female ovariectomized rats by evaluating the vaginal cells growth, reproductive organs weight, serum estradiol concentration.Results: Our results showed that PM extract at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg had increased the reproductive organs weight in immature rats and female ovariectomized rats. In addition, PM extract had increased the serum estradiol concentration and the vaginal cells growth by increasing the percentage of keratinocytes in female ovariectomized rats.Conclusions: Our results showed that PM extract has strong estrogenic activity in rats.

Conducta frente a la prueba de Papanicolaou: la voz de las pacientes ante la neoplasia de cuello uterino / Conduct in regard to the papanicolaou test: The voice of the patients in face of abnormal growth in the cervix / Comportamento frente ao exame do Papanicolau: a voz das pacientes diante da neoplasia do colo do útero

Objetivo: describir la conducta frente a la toma de citología de cuello uterino de las mujeres que acuden a un centro de atención primaria de la localidad de Suba. Metodología: estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal a través de la aplicación de una encuesta a 100 mujeres que asistieron para la toma de la citología a un punto de atención primaria en salud de una localidad de la ciudad de Bogotá. Resultados: el 94 % de las mujeres conoce el objetivo de la prueba, el 60 % de las encuestadas refieren temor al resultado. La principal razón por la cual las participantes deciden no tomarse la citología son barreras socioculturales. Conclusiones: a pesar que la mayoría de las mujeres manifestaron conocer la importancia de realizarse el examen y deciden voluntariamente acceder a él, expresan experimentar diferentes sentimientos catalogados como negativos frente a este; la pena, la vergüenza y el miedo al dolor son impedimentos principales que limitan el acceso a la prueba de Papanicolaou; no obstante, más de la mitad de las participantes refieren sentir temor a los resultados de dicho examen. Palabras clave: neoplasias del cuello uterino; cribado; conducta; prueba de Papanicolaou; cáncer de cuello uterino; ca de cuello uterino; citología vaginal; barreras; examen diagnóstico; prevención

Objective: To describe the conduct of women who attend a primary care center in the town of Suba in regard to cervical cytology Methodology: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study through a survey of 100 women who attended a point of primary health care in a locality of the city of Bogotá to take a cytology. Results: 94 % of the women know the objective of the test, 60 % of respondents report fear of the result of the cytology. The main reason why the participants decide not to take the cytology are socio-cultural barriers. Conclusions: Although the majority of women expressed knowledge of the importance of the examination and volun - tarily decide to access it, they express experiencing different feelings categorized as negative in the face of examination: grief, shame and fear of pain are the main personal barriers that limit access to cytology; however, more than half of the partic - ipants report feeling afraid of the results of this examination.

Objetivo: descrever o comportamento frente à citologia de colo do útero das mulheres que vão para o centro de atenção primária da localidade de Suba. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal observacional, através da apli - cação de um inquérito para 100 mulheres que participaram da coleta da citologia em um ponto de cuidados primários de saúde em um distrito da cidade de Bogotá. Resultados: 94% das mulheres sabem o propósito do teste, 60% das mulheres inquiridas mencionam medo do resultado. A principal razão pela qual as mulheres escolhem não realizar a citologia são barreiras socioculturais. Conclusões: embora a maioria das mulheres expresse conhecimento sobre a importância do exame e decida voluntariamente por realizá-lo, elas expressam sentimentos diferentes, categorizados como negativos, diante do exame, o luto, a vergonha e o medo da dor são as principais barreiras pessoais que limitam o acesso ao exame de Papani - colau; no entanto, mais da metade das participantes relatam sentir medo dos resultados desse exame.

Comparative study of metachromatic staining methods in assessing the exfoliative cell types during oestrous cycle in Sprague-Dawley laboratory rats / Estudio comparativo de los métodos de tinción metacromática en la evaluación de los tipos de células exfoliativas durante el ciclo estral en ratas Sprague-Dawley de laboratorio

This study was aimed at comparing the commonly used metachromatic stains viz., Papanicolaou stain, WrightGiemsa, Toluidine blue and Methylene blue in the assessment of cell types of the oestrous cycle in rats. Eight female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-9 weeks were used for this assessment. Cotton Swabs were gently inserted in the animals vagina to obtain cells from which they were then transferred to glass slides for staining and evaluation under microscopy. The different cell types were compared for their morphological features and clarity of cellular detail under all four stains. The application, advantages and limitations of all stains were then discussed. It was concluded that the selection of the most effective stain in the assessment of vaginal cytology depends on their application to clinical or research which was based on the cellular detail of interest, time, cost and availability of each staining procedure.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las tinciones metacromáticas comúnmente utilizadas, Wright's-Giemsa, azul de toluidina, azul de metileno y tinción de Papanicolaou, en la evaluación de los tipos de células del ciclo estral en ratas. El estudio se realizó en ocho ratas hembras SpragueDawley, con edades entre 8 y 9 semanas, y se usaron hisopos vaginales de algodón para preparar portaobjetos. Los diferentes tipos de células se compararon por sus características morfológicas y claridad en las cuatro tinciones. La aplicación, ventajas y limitaciones de todas las tinciones fueron discutidas. Se concluye que la selección de la tinción más efectiva en la evaluación de la citología vaginal depende de su uso, es decir, clínico o de investigación, el detalle celular de interés, tiempo, costo y disponibilidad.

Prevalencia y factores asociados con vaginosis bacterianas, candidiasis y tricomoniasis en dos hospitales de los municipios de Apartadó y Rionegro -Antioquia, 2014 / Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and associated factors in two hospitals of Apartadó and Rionegro - Antioquia, 2014

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana (VB), candidiasis, tricomoniasis y sus factores asociados, en las mujeres que consultan al servicio de citología de dos empresas sociales del estado (ESEs) de los municipios de Apartadó y Rionegro, año 2014. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Fuente de información secundaria: base de datos del Laboratorio de Citología de la Escuela de Microbiología. Población: 6447 registros de mujeres del servicio de citología de los municipios de Apartadó y Rionegro. 3.762 registros de Apartadó y 2.685 registros de Rionegro año 2014. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas, relativas e intervalos de confianza. Se exploró la asociación entre las variables independientes con relación significativa con los microorganismos estudiados, luego se ingresaron a un modelo de ajuste multivariado de regresión logística binaria. Nivel de significación estadística del 0,05. Los datos se almacenaron y analizaron en SPSS 20,1®. Resultados: la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana fue 29,9 %, candidiasis del 10,7 %, y tricomoniasis del 3,2 %. No hubo diferencias significativas en las infecciones en ambos municipios. No se encontró asociación estadística significativa con los factores de riesgo estudiados. Conclusiones: el comportamiento de las VB, cándida y trichomona fue muy similar al reportado en otras investigaciones y no se encontró diferencia en el comportamiento en los municipios estudiados, a pesar de ser contextos socioeconómicos y culturales diferentes.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and associated factors in women who use the cytology service of two hospitals in Apartadó and Rionegro in 2014. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Data source: the cytology laboratory database of the School of Microbiology. Study population: 6447 samples from women who attended the cytology service in Apartadó hospital with 3,762 records and Rionegro hospital with 2,685 records. Absolute and relative frequencies with confidence intervals were calculated, the association between the independent variables that showed significant association with the microorganisms studied were explored, and then, entered in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. In all analyzes statistical significance level of 0.05 was accepted and data were stored and analyzed with SPSS 20,1®. Results: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 29.9 %, candidiasis 10.7% and trichomoniasis 3.2 %. No significant differences between municipalities were observed nor statistically significant association with any of the risk factors studied. Conclusions: The behavior of BV, candida and trichomona were very similar to those reported in other researches and no difference was found between the studied municipalities, despite the differences in socioeconomic and cultural contexts.

Observation of clinical effect of LEEP combined with vaginal cytology in the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of the combination of the vaginal and high frequency electric wave loop(LEEP) in the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions.Methods The clinical data of 76 cases with cervical precancerous lesions confirmed by postoperative pathological examination were collected,Pathologic biopsy was conducted under colposcope.For patients with operative indication, LEEP operation was carried out under colposcope and analyzed vaginal microscopic pathological biopsy diagnosis accurate rate.The operation time,bleeding volume and treatment were observed.Results Satisfactory colposcopy and biopsy results difference had statistical significance;colposcopy with biopsy diagnosis accurate rate was 90.79%.The average operation time was (6.42±1.21)min.The mean operative bleeding was (10.45±2.31)mL.Postoperative 3 months, TCT negative rate was 95.83%(92/96).After 6 months of TCT negative rate was 100.00%(76/76).Conclusion LEEP combined with vaginal cytology in the treatment of cervical precancerous lesions has less invasion,less bleeding,shorter hospitalization time,and can effectively remove the lesion site,it is worthy of recommending.

Factores asociados a displasia en mujeres con atipias de células escamosas de significado indeterminado / Dysplasia associated factors in women with squamous cell atypias of undetermined significance

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a displasia en mujeres que asisten al Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional o a diferentes dispensarios, cuya citología cérvicovaginal presentaba atipias de células escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US).Materiales y métodos: estudio de prevalencia en el cual se identificaron los factores asociados a displasia de cuello uterino por medio de la correlación de las diferentes variables, por el servicio de Patología del Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional. Las diferentes variables fueron extraídas de las historias clínicas. Se realizó un reporte descriptivo de las prevalencias y se calcularon OR por medio de regresión logística para establecer la asociación entre las variables.Resultados: se encontraron porcentajes de distribución de displasia así: Sin displasia: 8.6%; Displasia leve: 80.2%; Displasia moderada: 8.2%; Displasia severa: 3.0%. La edad en la población tuvo una mediana de 47. 8 7 años. La población sin displasia fue de 8.6% y con displasia 91.4%. La asociación entre ciclos y displasia fue de 0.008 y entre antecedente personal de cáncer y displasia fue de 0.005. En la regresión logís-tica, la edad mostró asociación con una p<0.05.Conclusiones: la importancia de la toma de la citología cérvicovaginal cobra un papel cada vez más relevante en nuestra población, dado el aumento de la preva-lencia de displasia. Las principales recomendaciones son: adecuada toma de la citología y tener en cuenta la edad como factor importante para la asociación de displasia cérvicovaginal sobre los ASC-US, ya que en muchas ocasiones se pueden pasar por alto en la consulta diaria. Palabras clave: citología cérvicovaginal, asc-us, displasia

Objective: to identify factors associated with dysplasia in women attending the Central Hospital of the National Police or different clinics whose cervico-vaginal cyto-logy presented atypia squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US).Materials and methods: prevalence study of what is intended to identify the factors associated with dysplasia of the cervix through the correlation of different variables, for the service of Pathology of the Central Hospital of the National Police. The variables were obtained through to medical records. It performs a report describing the prevalence's were calculated OR through logistic regression was used to establish the association between the variables.Results: the percentage of the distribution of dysplasia: Without dysplasia: 8.6%; Mild dysplasia: 80.2%; Moderate dysplasia: 8.2%; Severe dysplasia: 3.0%. The population has an average of 47 years. The percen-tage of people without dysplasia was 8.6% and 91.4% dysplasia. The analysis showed that divariado. The partnership between cycles and dysplasia was between 0,008 and personal history of cancer and dysplasia was 0005. For Multivariate logistic regression analysis age showed partnership with p <0.05.Conclusions: the importance of making the cervico-vaginal cytology charged an increasingly important role in our population, given the increased prevalence in dysplasia. Our main recommendation is, in addition to adequate and accurate making cytology, keep in mind that age is an important factor for the association cervico-vaginal dysplasia. And the ASC-US, as many times can be overlooked in the daily consultations. Key words: cervico-vaginal cytology, ASC-US dysplasia

Determinação do ciclo estral em catetos Pecari tajacu: aspectos colpocitológicos e clínicos / Determination of the estrous cycle in collared peccary Pecari tajacu: colpocytological and clinical aspects

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o ciclo estral do cateto, aplicando a colpocitologia como método diagnóstico. As amostras da citologia vaginal foram coletadas em dez fêmeas adultas, durante três vezes na semana, por seis meses. Verificou-se que a duração média do ciclo estral para esta espécie foi de 28,45 ± 5,45 dias. Observou-se diferença estatística (p<0,01) em relação à frequência dos diferentes tipos celulares na mesma fase do ciclo estral. No proestro foi verificado o aumento de células intermediárias e superficiais. A fase de estro caracterizou-se pela elevação significativa de células superficiais em relação aos demais tipos celulares e pela ausência de leucócitos. Durante este período, a genitália externa estava hiperêmica, edemaciada e com muco. No metaestro houve um decréscimo de células superficiais, quando comparado com o proestro e com o estro, e uma elevação significativa de células intermediárias, presença de leucócitos, de células de metaestro e de foam. Na fase de diestro, houve um aumento de células intermediárias, e um decréscimo no número de leucócitos. Conclui-se que, por meio da colpocitologia, é possível diferenciar as fases do ciclo estral em catetos.

The main objective of this work was to study the estrous cycle of collared peccary by vaginal cytology. Samples were collected in 10 adult females, three times a week, for six months. The estrous cycle period for this specie was 28.45 ± 5.45 days. We observed a significant difference (p<0.01) between the cell types in the same phase of the oestrous cycle. During the proestrus phase, the exfoliative cytology arrangement showed high frequency of intermediate and superficial cells. The estrus phase had elevated rates of superficial cells, when compared to the other types, and an absence of leukocytes. During this phase, the external genitalia were reddish, tumescent; and the cervical mucus was evident. In the metaestrus phase, we observed a decrease of superficial cells, as well as the highest indices of intermediate cells, an increase of leukocytes and the presence of metestrus and foam cells. In the diestrus phase, the intermediate cells increased and leukocytes decreased. In conclusion, the present study suggests that it is possible to differentiate the phase of estrous cycle by vaginal cytology.

Detecção de estro em jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) utilizando citologia vaginal / Vaginal cytology for estrus detection in ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)

Utilizou-se a citologia vaginal por meio de diferentes métodos de coloração para detecção de cio em jaguatirica, Leopardus pardalis, pela estimulação hormonal exógena e pela avaliação das estruturas ovarianas por videolaparoscopia. Cinco fêmeas foram tratadas com eCG/hCG e FSH/LH a cada quatro meses pelo período de dois anos. Videolaparoscopia foi realizada após cada tratamento utilizando-se cetamina-xilazina e isoflurano. Esfregaços vaginais foram obtidos 15 dias antes e após a videolaparoscopia. As lâminas foram analisadas ao microscópio de luz quanto aos tipos celulares predominantes. Todos os animais apresentaram folículos maduros (>2mm) e corpos lúteos recentes em todas as intervenções. Não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos na mesma coloração de acordo com os tratamentos utilizados. Todas as técnicas mostraram-se eficientes na detecção de células superficiais queratinizadas anucleadas e nucleadas, intermediárias, parabasais e basais. Foi possível determinar a fase de estro em Leopardus pardalis por meio da citologia vaginal.

Vaginal cytology was evaluated for estrus detection using different stains after hormonal stimulation with exogenous gonadotrophin (eCG/hCG, FSH/LH) and videolaparoscopy for ovarian structure evaluation. Five L. pardalis were treated four times during two years. After each treatment, videolaparoscopy was performed using Ketamine-Xylazine and Isoflurane. Vaginal cytology was made 15 days before and after videolaparoscopy. Three stains were used: Diff Quick, Papanicolaou, and Shorr. The slides were analyzed for the typical cell predominance. All the animals showed mature follicles (>2mm) and recent corpus luteum in all procedures. No significative difference was observed between the results in the same stain according to the treatment eCG/hCG and FSH/LH. All stains were efficient in detection of nucleated and anuclear superficial keratinized cells; intermediated, parabasal, and basal cells. Vaginal cytology can be used for estrus detection in Leopardus pardalis.

Improving the reproductive efficiency of the goat: vaginal cytology and vulvar biometry as predictors of synchronized estrus/breeding time in West African dwarf goat / Mejora de la eficiencia reproductiva de la cabra: citología vaginal y biometría vulvar como predictores de la sincronización del periodo estro/crianza de cabras enanas del Oeste Africano

The characteristics of exfoliated vaginal cells and vulvar biometry following estrus synchronization via two injections of 5mg Lutalyse® administered 7 days apart were investigated with the aim of their possible use to predict estrus in six adult WAD does. Four adult WAD bucks recently passed as satisfactory potential breeders were also involved in the study. The animals were maintained on 12 percent crude protein concentrate, greens and fresh water ad libitum. All measurements in the does were taken at an interval of 24 hours for six days beginning with the day of 2nd Lutalyse® injection. The does were introduced to the bucks 48 hours after the 2nd dose of Lutalyse® and separated from them after the 6th day. The 72-96 and 96-120 hours vaginal smears of 5 does (i.e. 83.3 percent) were characteristic during the study. They were positive for sperm cells and showed sharp increase in the degree of clumping of exfoliated cells. During these periods also, the differences in the percentage of superficial cells (i.e. 77.4 +/- 1.05 and 56.4 +/- 0.77) over other epithelial cells (12.2 +/- 0.38 and 1.30 +/- 0.82) respectively were significant (P<0.05). The percentage leucocytes also varied during the study but increased sharply during 96 -120 hours. The result on vulvar biometry between 0-72 hours and the period during which mating occurred (i.e. 72-120 hours) was not significant (P>0.05). All does with vaginal smear positive for sperm cells were confirmed pregnant at day 60 following mating by ultrasonography. The results of this study show that two injections of 5mg Lutalyse® 7 days apart will produce fertile estrus in the WAD doe. In conclusion, a careful evaluation of 24 hourly exfoliated vaginal cells will enhance synchronized estrus detection in WAD goat and improve their reproductive efficiency.

Fueron investigadas en seis cabras WAD hembras adultas, las características de las células vaginales exfoliadas y la biometría vulvar, tras una sincronización de estros a través de dos inyecciones de 5 mg de Lutalyse ®, administrados cada 7 días, con el fin de hacer posible el uso y predecir el estro. También participaron en este estudio cuatro machos adultos WAD probados recientemente como potenciales reproductores. Los animales fueron alimentados con un concentrado de proteína cruda de 12 por ciento, pastos y agua ad libitum. Las medidas en las cabras fueron tomadas con un intervalo de 24 horas, durante 6 días, a contar de la segunda inyección Lutalyse ®. Después de 48 horas de la 2 dosis de Lutalyse ® las cabras fueron cruzadas, y separadas de los machos después del 6 día. Fue realizado el estudio en frotis vaginales de 72-96 horas y de 96-120 horas, en 5 hembras (83,3 por ciento). Estos frotis fueron positivos para las células espermáticas y mostraron fuerte aumento en el grado de aglutinación de células de descamación. Durante estos períodos, las diferencias en el porcentaje de células superficiales (77,4 +/- 1,05 y 56,4 +/- 0,77) sobre las células epiteliales de otros (12,2 +/- 0,38 y 1,30 +/- 0,82) fueron significativas (P <0,05). También varió el porcentaje de leucocitos durante el estudio, pero aumentó considerablemente durante el periodo de 96-120 horas. El resultado de biometría vulvar entre 0-72 horas y del período durante el cual se produjo el apareamiento (72-120 horas) no fue significativa (P> 0,05). Todas las hembras con frotis vaginal positivo para células espermáticas, se les confirmó la preñez por ecografía, a los 60 días posterior al apareamiento. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que dos inyecciones de 5 mg Lutalyse ® con 7 días de diferencia produce estro fértil en la cabra WAD. En conclusión, una evaluación cuidadosa de las células vaginales exfoliadas a las 24 horas, mejorará la detección del estro en cabras WAD y su eficiencia...

Citología vaginal no útil, causas y riesgos / No-useful vaginal cytology causes and risks

Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 79 mujeres seleccionadas por muestreo sistemático en el área de salud del policlínico docente Emilia de Córdoba, de San Nicolás, durante el año 2007, con el objetivo de analizar el comportamiento de la citología vaginal no útil y los factores que propiciaron su incidencia. Se apreció un elevado número de citologías no útiles, lo que constituyó el 23,1 por ciento, y sus principales motivos están relacionados fundamentalmente con dificultades en la técnica y requisitos necesarios para la toma de la muestra. Predominó el grupo de edad de 40 a 44 años; las relaciones sexuales precoces, con 56 casos de 15 a 19 años, para un 70,9 por ciento; y la edad al primer parto por debajo de los 20 años, así como las infecciones de transmisión sexual (la moniliasis y la trichomoniasis). Estuvieron presentes el hábito de fumar y el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales como cofactores...

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 79 women chosen by systemic sampling in health area of Emilia de Córdoba Teaching polyclinic, from San Nicolßs de Bari municipality during 2007, to analyze behavior of no-useful vaginal cytology and factors causing its incidence. We noted a high figure of non-useful cytologies accounting for 23,1 percent and its main causes are fundamentally related to early sexual intercourses in 56 cases aged from 15 to 19, to 70,9 percent and age of first delivery was under 20 years, as well as the sexually transmitted infections (moniliasis and trichomoniasis). Smoking and excessive use of hormonal contraceptives were present as cofactors...