ABSTRACT
Abstract Previous pre-clinical studies demonstrated that a valepotriates enriched fraction from Valeriana glechomifolia F.G. Mey., Caprifoliaceae, was effective against lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS)-induced sickness behavior as well as significantly decreased the cortical expression of pro inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Other studies revealed anti-inflammatory properties of V. wallichii and V. amurensis. These findings open up new perspectives for Valeriana genus pharmacology, once it has been commonly associated to sedative and anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antichemotactic, antinociptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a valepotriate-enriched fraction obtained from aerial and subterranean parts of V. glechomifolia submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction. The biological activities were assessed by means of formalin test in CF1 mice and Wistar rat's leukocytes migration assay (modified Boyden chamber method). Valepotriate-enriched fraction (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the nociceptive behavior in the late phase of the formalin test in a dose dependent manner. The effect of the valepotriate-enriched fraction highest dose was comparable with that of diclofenac 50 mg/kg (p.o.). Valepotriate-enriched fraction (0.1-1 µg/ml) inhibited the leukocyte migration induced by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli in a concentration dependent manner. This antichemotatic effect was comparable with that of indomethacin (0.1-1 µg/ml) and better than diclofenac (1 µg/ml) effect. This study demonstrated for the first time that a valepotriate-enriched fraction obtained from V. glechomifolia display a peripheral anti-inflammatory like activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi in Valeriana Linn., Valerianaceae. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, medium pressure column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by 1D, 2D NMR, HRMS, and IR spectroscopic analyse. Results: An iridoid ester was isolated from the dichloromethane extract from the roots and rhizomes of V. jatamansi, which was named as valerjatadoid C. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new iridoid ester.
ABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar em modelos animais, os possíveis efeitos do produto fitoterápico CPV (extrato seco de Crataegus oxyacantha, Passiflora incarnata e Valeriana officinalis) quanto à sua ação ansiolítica avaliada no modelo do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Outros efeitos como neuroléptico (bloqueio da estereotipia por apomorfina), analgésico (testes: placa quente; retirada da cauda e contorções abdominais), bem como sobre a memória (esquiva passiva) também foram considerados. O extrato CPV (430 e 860 mg/kg) apresentou um efeito ansiolítico (aumento do número de entradas nos braços abertos do LCE) em ratos e uma tendência de efeito amnésico para ambas as doses (430 e 860 mg/kg), embora menos intenso quando comparado com o diazepam (1,5 mg/kg). O extrato não apresentou efeitos neuroléptico ou analgésico.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central effects of the phytotherapeutic product-CPV (dry extract of Crataegus oxyacantha, Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis) in animals models. In order to investigate the psychopharmacological profile of CPV extract, an evaluation toward anxiolytic effect of this extract on the elevated plus-maze (EPM) was carried out. Other effects such as neuroleptic (blockade of the stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine), analgesic (hot plate; acetic acid writhing and tail-flick tests) and on the memory (passive avoidance test) were also analyzed. CPV extract (430 and 860 mg/ kg) presented an anxiolytic effect on rats (increased the number of entries into the open arms in the EPM) and, furthermore, a tendency of slight amnesic effect for the doses (430 and 860 mg/kg), but less intense when compared to diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). The extract did not show neuroleptic or analgesic effects.
ABSTRACT
Atualmente, as potenciais interações entre fármacos e plantas medicinais e/ou medicamentos fitoterápicos são objetos de inúmeros estudos. Tais estudos são motivados pelo fato de que a fitoterapia é amplamente utilizada em associação com diversos fármacos. Nesta revisão, as informações sobre as principais interações entre produtos elaborados com valeriana ou alho foram localizadas, avaliadas e sistematizadas. Verificou-se que tais plantas podem alterar os perfis farmacocinéticos e/ou farmacodinâmicos de diversos fármacos, podendo provocar conseqüências graves aos pacientes. A valeriana pode aumentar os efeitos adversos dos benzodiazepínicos, reduzir a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos metabolizados pelo sistema P450-CYP3A4 e provocar hemorragias graves quando utilizada juntamente com anticoagulantes orais e antiplaquetários. O alho pode aumentar a biodisponibilidade dos relaxantes musculares, potencializar os efeitos terapêuticos e adversos dos hipoglicemiantes, provocar hemorragias quando administrado juntamente com anticoagulantes orais e antiplaquetários e reduzir a biodisponibilidade dos anti-retrovirais inibidores de protease. Porém, tais potenciais interações não são consensos na literatura, visto que há limitações metodológicas e diferenças significativas entre os estudos localizados. Mesmo assim, o uso de produtos à base de valeriana ou alho, associado com determinados fármacos, deve ser adequadamente monitorado por um profissional da área da saúde.
At present, potential herbal-drug interactions are subject of great interest, because herbal medicines are often administered in combination with synthetic drugs. The aim of this paper was to review the literature in order to identify reported interactions between valerian or garlic herbal medicines and drugs, as well as to evaluate and summarize this information. Valerian or garlic herbal medicines could modify pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamic profiles of several drugs and might lead to serious clinical consequences. Valerian could increase the adverse effects of benzodiazepines and could decrease the bioavailability of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. Furthermore, valerian could cause severe bleeding when taken with oral anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents. Garlic could increase the bioavailability of muscle relaxants, could increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of hypoglycemic agents, could cause bleeding when taken with oral anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents, and could decrease the area under the plasma concentration curve of protease inhibitors. However, such potential herbal drug interactions are not consensual, because the reported studies present several limitations and significant differences among them. Therefore, concomitant use of herbal medicines and drugs has to be properly monitored by health care professionals.