Research progress of TRPV4 in glaucoma optic neuropathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON)is the difficulty of glaucoma treatment. In recent years, a variety of theories have been put forward about the pathogenesis of GON, but none of them can explain the principle of optic neuropathy caused by all types of glaucoma, which makes the disease difficult to treat in clinical treatment and is not conducive to early intervention. The latest research found that the transient receptor potential channel vanillic acid subfamily 4(TRPV4)in the retina plays an important role in various pathogenesis of GON. This article will review TRPV4 and its role in the occurrence and development of GON in order to find a common “connection point” for the multiple mechanism theories of GON, which will contribute to further understanding and clinical treatment of the disease.

Effect of intranasal acupuncture on the pathology of nasal mucosa in rabbits with allergic rhinitis and related regulatory mechanism of transient receptor potential vanillic acid receptor 1-substance P axis / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the pathological changes of nasal mucosa by intranasal acupuncture, and to explore the possible signal transduction mechanism through the distribution and expression of transient receptor potential vanillic acid receptor 1 (TRPV1)-substance P (SP) axis in nasal mucosa of experimental allergic rhinitis. Methods An animal model of allergic rhinitis was constructed by ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide gel treatment. Twenty five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, sham acupuncture group, acupuncture Wai Ying Xiang group and intranasal acupuncture group, with 5 rabbits in each group. To observe the effect of intranasal acupuncture on animal behavior, nasal mucosa pathology, eosinophils (EOS) count and IgE content in arterial blood. In addition, HE staining was used to determine the distribution of EOS in nasal mucosa and immunohistochemistry was used to observe the distribution and expression of TRPV1 and SP in nasal mucosa membrane. Results Compared with the model group, the behavioral score of the sham acupuncture group did not decrease significantly, while the behavioral score of the Wai Ying Xiang acupuncture group and the intranasal acupuncture group showed a downward trend, and the decrease degree of the intranasal acupuncture group was more significant. Compared with the normal group, the eosinophil count in the model group increased slightly (P0.05). HE staining found that eosinophilic distribution increased significantly in the model group and the sham acupuncture group compared with the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the distribution of eosinophil reduced in the nasal acupuncture group and the Wai Ying Xiang group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 ). Immunohistochemical found that TRPV1 and SP expressed significantly in the nasal mucosa of the model group and the sham acupuncture group compared with the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, TRPV1 and SP expression decreased significantly in the intranasal acupuncture group and the external yingxiang group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Intranasal acupuncture can alleviate the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis model by reducing the Chemotaxis of eosinophils in nasal mucosa and the content of IgE in serum.

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers of vanillic acid and extraction of vanillic acid from spiked blood serum

Vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a phenolic acid found in many plant extracts. It is used as aflavoring and scent agent and produces a pleasant, creamy odor. It is widely used in many applications for therapeuticpurposes to flavoring agent. Molecularly imprinted polymers of vanillic acid were synthesized by precipitationpolymerization with a noncovalent approach for the extraction from blood serum. Three different imprinted polymershave been synthesized with varying molar ratio of monomer. The synthesized polymer particles were characterizedusing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The extraction efficiency of highlyselected imprinted polymer of vanillic acid from spiked blood serum was about 80%.

Vanillic Acid Inhibits Lung Carcinogenesis By Modulates Glycoprotein Abnormalities, Membrane-Bound Enzymes, And Inflammatory Markers

Objective: The current plan was accompanied to explicate the possible protective role of vanillic acid (VA), on modification in lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, membrane-bound enzymes, and glycoconjugates during B(a)P induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Benzo(a)pyrene was administered orally (50 mg/kg b. wt) to induce lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. lipid peroxidation, serum marker enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, membrane-bound ATPases and protein-bound carbohydrate components (Hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose) and Mast cells and PAS staining were carried out. Results: Lung cancer possessing animals exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation, ADA, AHH, γ-GT, 5’-NT, LDH, cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, protein-bound carbohydrate components (protein-hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid, and fucose) also diminished activity of membrane-bound ATPases (Na+/K+ATPases, Ca2+ATPases, and Mg2+ATPase). Treatment with VA significantly ameliorated all these activities. Conclusion: Overall, the present study evidence to the VA has effective anti-inflammatory in addition to free radical scavenging activity for the duration of lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.

Study on protective effect of vanillic acid from Astragalus membranaceus on hypertensive cardiac remodeling based on network pharmacology screen / 中国中药杂志

To identify and verify the active ingredients from Astragalus membranaceus on hypertensive cardiac remodeling based on network pharmacology and heart RNA-sequencing data. The monomers of A. membranaceus and their intervention target database were established by using network pharmacology. The genes associated to cardiac remodeling were then screened by analyzing cardiac RNA-sequencing data. An overlap between genes related to cardiac remodeling and targets of ingredients form A. membranaceus was collected to obtain monomers with protective effect on hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-induced mouse cardiac remodeling model was used to validate the protective effect of active ingredients from A. membranaceus on hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Finally, a total of 81 monomers and 1 197 targets were enrolled in our database. Mouse RNA-sequencing data showed that 983 genes were significantly up-regulated and 465 genes were down-regulation in myocardial tissues of the cardiac remodeling mice as compared with blank group mice, respectively. Ninety-two genes were found via overlapping between genes related to cardiac remodeling and targets, involving 59 monomers from A. membranaceus. Further research found that vanillic acid(VA) could intervene 27 genes associated with hypertensive cardiac remodeling, ranking top 1. Meanwhile, VA could significantly inhibit AngⅡ-induced increase in ratio of heart weight to body weight and heart weight to tibial length, ANP and BNP mRNA levels in myocardial tissues, myocardial tissue damage, cardiac fibrosis level and cardiac hypertrophy level in vivo. Those results showed that network pharmacology screen-based VA has protective effect on AngⅡ-induced cardiac remodeling.

A new norsesquiterpene glycoside from fruits of Actinidia arguta / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the fruits of Actinidia arguta. Methods: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were established by the analyses of the spectroscopic data. Results: Fifteen compounds were obtained from the n-BuOH fraction of the 75% ethanol extract of the fruits of A. arguta and identified as (2R,6R,9R)-trihydroxy-megastigmane-4,7E-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (1), (6S,9R)-roseoside (2), quercetin-3-O-b-D-galactopyranside (3), astragalin (4), vanillic acid-4-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (5), 1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), ferulic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), rhodioloside (8), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3- methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (9), 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (10), 5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid butyl ester (11), 5-O-feruloyl quinic acid methyl ester (12), 5-O-coumaroyl quinic acid methyl ester (13), caffeic acid (14), and protocatechuic acid (15). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new norsesquiterpene glycoside with the megastigmane scaffold, named actinargutaside A. Compounds 2, 5, and 7-13 are isolated from the Actinidia genus for the first time and compound 6 is firstly isolated from A. arguta.

Chemical constituents from n-butanol parts of Lycii Cortex / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from n-butanol-souluble part of Lycii Cortex (the root bark of Lycium chinense). Methods: The air-dried Lycii Cortex were powdered and extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux. After the removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude extract was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-prepared high performance liquid chromatography from the n-butanol part of Lycii Cortex. The structures were identified by nuclear magnetic spectrometry, mass spectrometry and other spectral analyses. Results: Ten compounds were isolated from n-butanol parts of Lycii Cortex and characterized as (1'S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (1), (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (2), (1R,6R,9S)-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), vanillic acid-4-O-β- D-glucopyranoside (4), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid methyl ester (6), glucosyringic acid (7), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isoscoploletin-β-D-glucoside (9) and fabiatrin (10). Conclusion: Compound 3 is isolated from Solanaceae family for the first time and compounds 1, 2 and 4 are isolated from Lycium genus for the first time. The NMR data of compound 2 is first reported as well.

Effects of transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 receptor and its modulators on neuropathic pain: research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Neuropathic pain(NPP)has always been a problem that puzzles the medical community because of its unclear pathogenesis and poor drug treatment. With the development of molecular biology and electrophysiological techniques, studies have shown that the complex pathological mechanism of NPP may be related to the activation of transient receptor potential vanillic acid sub-type 1(TRPV1). TRPV1 receptors are mainly expressed in peripheral sensory neurons, which can detect harmful stimuli in the external and internal environment and transmit information to the central nervous system, thereby playing an important role in peripheral neuropathic pain. TRPV1 modulators exert analgesic effects by blocking the pain transmission function of TRPV1 and have become a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of NPP. This article reviews TRPV1 receptor-mediated NPP models and the role of TRPV1 modulators in NPP treatment.

Chemical constituents from leaves of Styrax japonicus / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Styrax japonicus. Methods Seventeen compounds including nine phenylpropanoids and seven other constituents were isolated from the chloroform fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of leaves of S. japonicus, using column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 as well as the method of recrystallization. Results On the basis of physical and chemical properties combined with spectral data analysis, their structures were elucidated as nectandrin B (1), stigmasterol (2), matteucinol (3), eupomatenoid-7 (4), β-stigmasterol (5), dehydrodiisoeugenol (6), 4-oxo- 4[(3β,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yloxy] butanoic acid (7), 4-(3-methory-4-hydroxy) pheny-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one (8), ursolic acid (9), vanillic acid (10), (+)-(7S,8R,8’R)-4,8’-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-1’,2’,3’,4’,5’,6’-hexanorligna-7,7’-lactone (11), (+)-(7S,8R)-4- hydroxy-3-methoxy-1’,2’,3’,4’,5’,6’,7’-heptanorlign 8’-one (12), (2S,3R’)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy- 5-(2-propen-1-yl)-3-benzofuranmethanol (13), vanillin (14), (E)-p-coumaric acid (15), and dihydrokaempferol (16). Conclusion Compounds 1, 3-16 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Sabia parviflora (II) / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Sabia parviflora. Methods: Various column chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents which structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Results: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene (1), vanillic aldehyde 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), rel-5-(3S,8S-dihydroxy-1R,5S-dimethyl-7-oxa-6-oxobicyclo [3,2,1]-oct-8-yl)-3-methyl-2Z,4E-penta-dienoic acid (4), protocatechuic acid (5), 4-quinolinone-2-caboxylic acid (6), 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoic acid (7), pyrocatechol (8), syringic acid-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), (-)-(7α,8S)-erythro-1-C-syringylglycerol 4-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (10), 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoic acid (11), 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene (12), ferulic acid (13), vanillic acid (14), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (15). Conclusion: Compounds 1-11 are isolated from the genus of Sabia for the first time, and compounds 12-15 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from ethyl acetate extracts of domestic Pfaffia glomerata / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from domestic Pfaffia glomerata. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, reversed-phase, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis as well as chemical methods. Results: Twenty compounds were identified as 1-undecanol (1), oleic acid (2), β-sitosterol (3), 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone (4), oleanolic acid (5), pfaffianol A (6), benzene-1,4-diol (7), vanillic acid (8), iresinone (9), ethylcaffeate (10), oleanoicaeid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (11), allantoin (12), ajugasterone-C (13), β-ecdysterone (14), iresinoside (15), adenine (16), oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (17), ficusoside B (18), pfaffiaglycoside B (19), and β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-oleanolate (20). Conclusion: Compounds 7-10, 15, 17, 18, and 20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Determination of Six Active Ingredients in Gualoupi Injection by Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components by Single Marker / 中国药师

Objective: To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for six active ingredients in Gualoupi injection. Methods: An HPLC method was used with a Waters Sunfire ODS C18column (250 mm×4. 6mm, 2. 5 μm), the mobile phase was methanol(A)-0. 2% glacial acetic acid solution(B) with gradient elution, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml· min-1,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,the column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. Using 3, 29-dibenzoyl rarounitriol as a reference, the relative correction factors among karounidiol, vanillic acid, adenosine, quercitrin and cynaro-side were detected by QAMS and their contents were calculated, and the results were compared with those of the external standard method. Results: The differences were not statistically significant between the calculated values of karounidiol, vanillic acid, adeno-sine, quercitrin and cynaroside and those measured by the external standard method (P>0. 05). Conclusion: QAMS can be used for the determination of 6 effective components in Gualoupi injection, and the result is accurate, simple and effective.

Chemical Constituents from the Ethyl Acetate Parts of the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. METHODS: Chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography with silicagel, Sephadex LH - 20, and semi-preparative HPLC. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Their structures were elucidated as hirsutrin (1), contigoside B (2), kaempferol (3), sterubin (4), syringic acid (5), vanillic acid (6), 2-hydroxy-5-ethoxybenzoic acid (7), 2-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (9), p-hydroxybenzonic acid (10), and phydroxybenzaldehyde (11). CONCLUSION: All the compounds except 3 and 6 are obtained from Cyclocarya paliurus for the first time.

Fermented Barley Extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 Rich in Vanillic Acid Modulate Glucose Consumption in Human HepG2 Cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of fermented barley extracts with Lactobacillus plantarum dy-1 (LFBE) for modulating glucose consumption in HepG2 cells via miR-212 regulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with palmitate. After 12 h, palmitate-induced HepG2 cells were treated with LFBE and its main components. Changes in glucose consumption, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and miRNA-212 expression in HepG2 cells was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with LFBE rich in vanillic acid (VA) increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in HepG2 cells. LFBE and VA normalized the upregulation of miR-212, which led to the upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase-9 (DUSP9), a direct target of miR-212, at both protein and mRNA levels. Downregulation of miR-212 markedly increased glucose consumption and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion by enhancing DUSP9 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed the benefit of LFBE and miR-212 downregulation in modulating glucose consumption and reducing proinflammatory cytokine secretion by targeting DUSP9. VA in LFBE was a strong regulator of palmitate-induced abnormal glucose consumption in HepG2 cells and can be a primary mediator.</p>

Chemical constituents from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora / 中草药

Objective: To study the constituents in the roots of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Methods: The constituents of P. scrophulariiflora were separated and purified with chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical analyses. Results: Ten compounds were isolated from the roots of P. scrophulariiflora and identified as β-sitosterol (1), palmitic acid (2), octacosyl trans-ferulate (3), 3β-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (4), 6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (5), caffeic acid methyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (7), vanillic acid (8), caffeic acid (9), and piceoside (10). Conclusion: Compounds 2-7 and 9 are obtained from the plants of Picrorhiza Royle for the first time.

Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographies, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results: Nineteen compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2 layer of 70% aqueous acetone extract in the aerial parts of L. macranthus, and identified as (+)-syringaresinol (1), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (2), rayalinol (3), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether (4), (7R, 7'R, 7″S, 8S, 8'S, 8″S)-3', 4″- dihydroxy-3, 5, 4', 5″-tetramethoxy-7, 9': 7', 9-diepoxy-4, 8″-oxy-8, 8'-sesquineo-lignan-7″, 9″-diol (5), (7R, 7'R, 7″S, 8S, 8'S, 8″S)-4', 5″- dihydroxy-3, 5, 3', 4″-tetramethoxy-7, 9': 7', 9-diepoxy-4, 8″-oxy-8, 8'-sesquineo-lignan-7″, 9″-diol (6), genkwanin (7), 3'-hydroxy- genkwanin (8), eriodictyol (9), isoscopoletin (10), p-coumaric acid (11), caffeic acid methyl ester (12), trans-ferulic acid (13), syringic aldehyde (14), vanillic acid (15), oct-1-en-3-yl β-glucopyranoside (16), 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (17), pterolactam (18), and nicotinamide (19), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-6 and 9-19 are isolated from the plants of genus Leonurus Linn. for the first time, and compounds 7 and 8 are found from L. macranthus for the first time.

Identification of water-soluble phenolic acids from Clerodendranthus spicatus / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the water-soluble phenolic acids from Clerodendranthus spicatus of Dai medicine. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by D101, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, and preparative HPLC column chromatographies. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectral data analyses. Results: Sixteen constituents were isolated and elucidated as protocatechualdehyde (1), protocatechuic acid (2), 3, 5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), vanillic acid (6), danshensu methyl ester (7), 3, 5-O-dimethyl gallic acid (8), helisterculins A (9), lithospermic acid (10), methyl lithospermate (11), dimethy lithospermate (12), helisterculins B (13), ethyl dihydrocaffeate (14), ferulic acid (15), and dihydroferulic acid (16). Conclusion: Compounds 3, 6-9, and 13-16 are obtained from Clerodendranthus Kudo for the first time.

Chemical constituents from flower buds of Lonicera japonica / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium pressure column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data with those reported in literature. Results Twelve compounds from the EtOAc fraction of L. japonica included p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), vanillic acid (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaemnpferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3',4',7-trihydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyflavone (5), isorhamnetin (6), hyperoside (7), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), secologanic acid (9), vogeloside (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acidmethylester (11) and stigmasterol (12). Conclusion Compound 5 is obtained from the plant in Lonicera Linn. for the first time; Compounds 1-4, 6, 11 and 12 are obtained from this plants for the first time.

Phenolic acid from the fruits of forsythia suspensa (thunb.) vahl / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as 3, 4, α-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate (1), protocatechaldehyde (2), vanillic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), p-hydroxylbenzylalcohol (5), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (6), 2-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetaldehyde (7), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (8), 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (9), p-coumatic acid (10), methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate (11), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (12), 1, 2, 4-benzentriol (13), 1-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2, 3 -dihydroxypropan-1-one(14), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), and isovanillic acid (16). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

The Effect of PM 10 on Ischemia- Reperfusion Induced Arrhythmias in Rats

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies show that particulate matter (PM) is the principal instigator of some adverse clinical symptoms involving cardiovascular diseases. PM exposure can increase experimental infarct size and potentiate myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias in experimental MI models such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of particulate matter (PM10) on ischemia- reperfusion induced arrhythmias with emphasis on the protective role of VA as an antioxidant on them. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n=10): Control, VAc, Sham, VA, PM1 (0.5 mg/kg), PM2 (2.5 mg/kg), PM3 group (5 mg/kg), PM3 + VA group. Within 48 hours, PM10 was instilled into trachea in two stages. Then the hearts were isolated, transferred to a Langendorff apparatus, and subjected to global ischemia (30 minutes) followed by reperfusion (60 minutes). The ischemia- reperfusion induced ventricular arrhythmias were assessed according to the Lambeth conventions.In the present study,the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmiasduring30 minutes ischemia were demonstrated to be more than those in the reperfusion stage. PM exposure increased significantly the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmias in the ischemia and reperfusion duration. Vanillic acid reduced significantly the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmias during the ischemia and reperfusion period.In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that the protective and dysrhythmic effects of VA in the PM exposure rats in I/R model are probably related to its antioxidant properties.