Fechamento transcateter de fístula de artéria coronária com dispositivo Amplatzer Piccolo™ / Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula with Amplatzer Piccolo™ device

As fístulas das artérias coronárias são anomalias congênitas raras e caracterizam uma comunicação anormal entre as artérias coronárias e as câmaras cardíacas ou grandes vasos. Muitos dispositivos que incluem vários coils, plugues vasculares, oclusores e stents recobertos têm sido usados no fechamento transcateter de fístulas de artérias coronárias. Neste relato, realizamos com sucesso o fechamento de uma fístula de artéria coronária, entre a artéria descendente anterior e o ápice do ventrículo direito, usando o dispositivo Amplatzer PiccoloTM, anteriormente chamado de tamanho adicional do AmplatzerTM Duct Occluder. Em nossa opinião, o dispositivo Amplatzer PiccoloTM é adequado para oclusão transcateter de fístula da artéria coronária, podendo ser usado no lugar de plugues vasculares.

Coronary artery fistulas are rare congenital anomalies and characterize an abnormal communication between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers or major arteries. Many devices, including various coils, vascular plugs, occluders, and cover stent, have been used in transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas. In this report we successfully closed coronary artery fistula, between left anterior descending artery and right ventricle apex, by using Amplatzer PiccoloTM device, formerly called as AmplatzerTM Duct Occluder additional size. In our opinion, Amplatzer PiccoloTM device is suitable for transcatheter occlusion of coronary artery fistula and can be used instead of vascular plugs.

Fístula aortocava en un devastador aneurisma abdominal: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Aortocaval Fistula in a Devastating Abdominal Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of the Literature / Fístula de aortocava em um aneurisma abdominal relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Resumen: la presencia de fístulas como complicaciones de aneurismas de aorta abdominal (AAA) es una condición conocida, aunque poco frecuente. Se ha reportado en la literatura una incidencia para fístulas aortocavas (FAC) del 1 % o, incluso, se encuentran valores inferiores en algunas series de casos. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión de la literatura basada en un caso clínico para dar a conocer el abordaje diagnóstico y los hallazgos por imagen de las FAC con el fin de familiarizar a los lectores con las características más comunes de esta entidad mediante tomografía computarizada. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 59 años de edad con un cuadro clínico de cuatro días de evolución de dolor abdominal, sin antecedentes de importancia. En el examen físico abdominal se identificó la presencia de una masa pulsátil asociada a soplo abdominal como hallazgos principales. Se procedió a evaluación mediante angioTC abdominal en donde se identificó dilatación aneurismática fusiforme de la aorta abdominal con fístula hacia la vena cava inferior (VCI) y compromiso de la arteria renal derecha con hipoperfusión renal ipsilateral.

Abstract: the presence of fistulas as complications of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a known condition, however, infrequent. An incidence of 1 % for aortocaval fistulas (AFC) has been reported in the literature, or even lower values are found in some case series. The aim of this study is to review the literature based on a clinical case to present the diagnostic approach and imaging findings of AFC in order to familiarize readers with the most common characteristics of this entity by computerized tomography. We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient with a clinical picture of four-day evolution abdominal pain, with no relevant history. The abdominal physical examination identified the presence of a pulsatile mass associated with abdominal murmur as the main findings. Abdominal TC angiography assessment identified fusiform aneurysmal dilatation of the abdominal aorta with fistula to the inferior vena cava (VCI), and involvement of the right renal artery with ipsilateral renal hypoperfusion.

Resumo: a presença de fístulas como complicações dos aneurismas da aorta abdominal (AAA) é urna condição conhecida, porém rara. Na literatura, os relatos da incidencia de fístulas aorto-cava (FAC) é de apenas 1 % (valores ainda menores são encontrados em algumas séries de casos). O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura baseada em um caso clínico para informar a abordagem diagnóstica e os achados de imagem da FAC, a fim de familiarizar os leitores com as características mais comuns dessa entidade por meio da tomografia computadorizada. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 59 anos com quadro clínico de quatro dias de evolução de dor abdominal, sem história significativa. No exame físico abdominal, a presença de massa pulsante associada a sopro abdominal foi identificada como principais achados. Foi realizada uma avaliação com angioTC abdominal, na qual foi identificada dilatação aneurismática fusiforme da aorta abdominal com fístula na veia cava inferior (VCI) e acometimento da artéria renal direita com hipoperfusão renal ipsilateral.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms ruptured to the vena cava: a case series and literature review / Aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos para a veia cava: uma série de casos e revisão de literatura

Abstract Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) evolving aortocaval fistula (AF) can have catastrophic hemodynamic effects. Surgical repair is imperative, but the optimal technical approach is still under debate. Our objective is to present 3 cases treated with endovascular repair (EVAR) at a University Hospital. Case #1, a 71-year-old man presenting a 7.1cm RAAA with AF, repaired with a monoiliac stent graft and femoral-femoral bypass; Case #2, a 76-year-old man presenting a 9.9cm RAAA with AF, repaired with a bifurcated stent graft; Case #3, a 67-year-old man with previous history of EVAR, presenting a type 3 endoleak with late rupture related to AF, repaired with a tubular stent graft. All cases unfolded with delayed recovery and significant complication rates, although AF symptoms had resolved by hospital discharge. EVAR techniques for AF may require secondary interventions but are feasible, despite the lack of consensus, considering the rarity of this RAAA presentation.

Resumo Aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos (AAAR) com evolução para fístula aorto-cava (FAC) podem apresentar consequências hemodinâmicas catastróficas. A correção cirúrgica é mandatória, embora não haja consenso sobre a técnica operatória. Apresentamos uma série de três casos operados em hospital universitário pela técnica endovascular. No primeiro caso, um homem de 71 anos apresentou AAAR de 7,1 cm com FAC, submetido a correção por endoprótese monoilíaca e enxerto femoral cruzado. No segundo, um homem de 76 anos apresentou AAAR de 9,9 cm com FAC submetido a colocação de endoprótese bifurcada. O terceiro caso era de um homem de 67 anos com histórico de EVAR e endoleak tipo 3, com ruptura tardia para veia cava, tratado com extensão aórtica. Todos apresentaram evolução pós-operatória prolongada com significativas complicações, entretanto com boa resolução dos sintomas à alta hospitalar. A EVAR é uma técnica promissora para o tratamento de FAC, embora com taxa de reintervenção significativa.

Tratamento endovascular da hipertensão portal e da hemorragia digestiva recorrente e secundária à síndrome da fístula arterioportal: complicação tardia de trauma abdominal penetrante / Endovascular treatment of portal hypertension and recurrent digestive hemorrhage secondary to arterioportal fistula syndrome: late complication of penetrating abdominal trauma

Resumo A síndrome da fístula artério-portal (FAP) é uma rara e reversível causa de hipertensão portal pré-sinusoidal, ocasionada pela comunicação de uma artéria visceral com o sistema venoso portal. A maioria dos pacientes é assintomática, mas quando desenvolvem sintomas, estes são mais relacionados com sangramento gastrointestinal, ascite, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e diarreia. Este desafio terapêutico apresenta um caso de FAP decorrente de ferimento antigo por arma branca e subsequente evolução clínica desfavorável, com grave desnutrição e frequentes hemorragias digestivas. O caso foi solucionado através de oclusão da FAP por meio de tratamento endovascular.

Abstract The arterioportal fistula (APF) syndrome is a rare and reversible cause of pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension, caused by communication between a visceral artery and the portal venous system. Most patients are asymptomatic, but when they do develop symptoms, these are mainly related to gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, congestive heart failure, and diarrhea. This therapeutic challenge presents a case of APF caused by a 20-year-old stabbing injury with unfavorable late clinical evolution, including significant malnutrition and severe digestive hemorrhages. The patient was treated using an endovascular procedure to occlude of the fistula.

Coronary-to-Pulmonary Artery Fistula in Adults: Natural History and Management Strategies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the natural course of coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) detected on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and to propose potential treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, we assessed the CCTA reports of 188 CPAF patients evaluated between March 2009 and June 2016. Fifty-seven patients were excluded because their follow-up (FU) periods were less than 2 years. Information regarding demographic characteristics, past history, treatment method, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the FU period was collected. We analyzed the morphologic features of CPAF and the various factors associated with surgical treatment. Patients who had undergone FU CCTA after being diagnosed with CPAF were assessed for the presence of morphological changes on FU imaging. RESULTS: The median age of the study population was 63.0 years (range, 57.0–72.0 years), and the median FU period was 5.72 years (range, 4.08–6.96 years). The most common origin of the CPAF was both coronary arteries in 76 (58.0%) cases. An aneurysm or aneurysms was/were present in 41 (31.3%) cases. Fifty-four (41.2%) fistulas were less than 2 mm in size. Eight patients underwent surgery, and 123 (93.9%) patients received optimal medical treatment (OMT). The fistula size was significantly different between the two treatment groups (p = 0.013) and was the only factor associated with surgical treatment (odds ratio = 1.14, p = 0.021). Only one patient in the OMT group reported MACE during the FU period due to preexisting coronary artery disease. Twenty-nine patients (22.1%) underwent FU CCTA after CPAF diagnosis, with a median FU period of 3.81 years. None of the patients in the OMT group demonstrated morphological changes in the CPAF on FU imaging. CONCLUSION: Most CPAFs identified on CCTA have a favorable prognosis. Observation with OMT is usually an appropriate strategy. Fistula size is a possible determinant for surgical treatment.

Estudo retrospectivo da técnica de botoeira em hemodiálise aplicada em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) / Retrospective study of the technique of buttonhole on hemodialysis applied to users of the Unified Health System (SUS)

A doença renal crônica emerge hoje como um sério problema de saúde pública em todo mundo, sendo considerada uma "epidemia" de crescimento alarmante. Um dos grandes desafios do século XXI será minimizar as implicações promovidas por essa patologia no nível econômico e social. O acesso vascular representa uma das principais causas mobilizadoras de recursos financeiros nas pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica terminal (IRCT). A canulação tradicional em fístula arteriovenosa era, até recentemente, a única prática no serviço de hemodiálise (HD). A partir da introdução de uma alternativa de canulação praticada na Europa e Estados Unidos, se evidenciaram melhorias para o paciente com um protocolo rigoroso que ameniza consideravelmente as complicações com os acessos vasculares definitivos para HD. Estudo descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo de abordagem quantiqualitativa sobre a técnica de botoeira à pacientes com IRCT, com fístula arteriovenosa pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), tendo como objetivos: descrever a técnica de botoeira no serviço de hemodiálise; identificar os desfechos da utilização da técnica de botoeira dos pacientes em programa regular de HD durante os últimos três anos; comparar os desfechos obtidos da aplicação da técnica de botoeira em relação à ropeladder e; discutir a técnica de botoeira como indicador de qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem oferecido ao paciente em tratamento hemodialítico usuário do SUS no ambiente de um serviço privado. O cenário foi uma clínica privada conveniada ao SUS localizada na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi constituída por 94 pacientes, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio dos prontuários, questionário semi-estruturado e entrevista semi-estruturada. Do estudo emergiram dados que descrevem a implantação da técnica de botoeira, dados comparativos entre a técnica de botoeira e ropeladder e entrevista sobre a satisfação do uso da técnica de botoeira. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa SPSS 17.0, software Bioestat e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Conclui-se que a técnica de botoeira demonstrou-se benéfica ao paciente em terapia hemodialítica em todos os aspectos, com ênfase nos aspectos de dor, autoimagem e autoestima. Permitiu observar, também, que os gastos dos cofres públicos com acesso vascular definitivo foram diminuídos e será necessária a divulgação deste estudo no âmbito nacional e internacional para disseminação da informação. Ressalta-se a importância de novos estudos para criação e validação de um protocolo que seja viável na utilização da técnica de botoeira aos pacientes submetidos à terapia hemodialítica no Brasil

Chronic kidney disease emerges today as a serious public health problem worldwide and is considered an "epidemic" of alarming growth. One of the great challenges of the 21st century will minimize the implications promoted by this pathology in the economic and social level. The vascular access is one of the main causes of mobilizing financial resources in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The traditional cannulation in arteriovenous fistula was, until recently, the only practical in hemodialysis (HD) services. From the introduction of an alternative cannulation practiced in Europe and the United States, noted improvements for the patient with a strict protocol that greatly eases the complications with the definitive vascular access for HD. Descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study of quantiqualitative approach about the buttonhole technique to CKD patients with arteriovenous fistula by the Unified Health System (UHS), having as objectives: to describe the buttonhole technique in HD services; identify the outcomes of using the buttonhole technique of the patients in a HD regular program during the last three years; compare outcomes obtained from the application of the buttonhole technique in relation to ropeladder and; discuss the buttonhole technique as a quality indicator of the nursing care provided to patients in UHS HD user treatment in a private service. The study setting was a private clinic contracted to UHS located in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The sample consisted of 94 patients, and data collection was performed by means of the medical records, semi-structured questionnaire and semistructured interview. Emerged data describing the implementation of the buttonhole technique, comparative data between the buttonhole technique and ropeladder and interview on satisfaction of using the buttonhole technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software and Bioestat and content analysis by Bardin. It concludes that the buttonhole technique proved to be beneficial to the patient in hemodialysis in all aspects, with emphasis on aspects of pain, self-image and self-esteem. Was observed that the expenditure of public funds with definitive vascular access were decreased and will require the disclosure of this study in the national and international level for dissemination of information. We emphasize the importance of new studies for the development and validation of a protocol that is viable in the use of the buttonhole technique for patients undergoing HD in Brazil

La enfermedad renal crónica emerge hoy como un problema grave de salud pública en todo el mundo y es considerada una "epidemia" de crecimiento alarmante. Uno de los grandes retos del siglo XXI va a minimizar las consecuencias promovidas por esta patología en el plano económico y social. El acceso vascular es una de las principales causas de la movilización de recursos financieros en las personas con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). La canulación tradicional en la fístula arteriovenosa era, hasta hace poco, la única práctica en los servicios de hemodiálisis (HD). Desde la introducción de una canulación alternativa se practica en Europa y los Estados Unidos, se observó mejoras para el paciente con un protocolo estricto que disminuye en gran medida las complicaciones con el acceso vascular definitivo para HD. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y retrospectivo de enfoque quantiqualitative en la técnica del ojal para los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, con fístula arteriovenosa por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), que tiene como objetivos: describir la técnica del ojal en los servicios de HD; identificar los resultados de la utilización de la técnica del ojal en los pacientes en programa regular de HD durante los últimos tres años; comparar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de la técnica del ojal con la técnica de ropeladder y; discutir la técnica del ojal como indicador de calidad de la atención de enfermería prestada a los pacientes en tratamiento de HD, usuario del SUS en un servicio privado. El escenario del estudio fue una clínica privada contratada para SUS ubicado en la región metropolitana del estado de Río de Janeiro. La muestra consistió en 94 pacientes, y la recolección de datos se realizó a través de los registros médicos, cuestionario semi-estructurado y la entrevista semi-estructurada. El estudio surgió datos que describen la aplicación de la técnica del ojal, los datos comparativos entre la técnica del ojal y ropeladder y entrevista sobre la satisfacción de la utilización de la técnica del ojal. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el software SPSS 17.0 y Bioestat y análisis del contenido de Bardin. Se concluye que la técnica del ojal demostró ser beneficiosa para el paciente en HD en todos los aspectos, con énfasis en los aspectos de dolor, la autoimagen y la autoestima. Permitió observar, también, que el gasto de los fondos públicos con acceso vascular definitivo disminuyeron y requerirá la divulgación de este estudio en el nivel nacional e internacional para la difusión de información. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de nuevos estudios para el desarrollo y validación de un protocolo que es viable en el uso de la técnica del ojal para los pacientes sometidos a HD en Brasil

Utilidad de la resonancia magnética y de la tomografía computarizada en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias / Value of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery diseases

Introducción: En los últimos años, el avance en métodos diagnósticos no invasivos como la resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada ha permitido la valoración de estructurasanatómicas complejas, con lo que se ha desarrollado un creciente interés en la evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria. Desde el punto de vista radiológico, la valoración de las arterias coronarias ha presentado múltiples retos, incluyendo el tamaño pequeño de las estructuras a evaluar, el movimiento constante del corazón y el movimiento respiratorio.Objetivo: describir los hallazgos imaginológicos y la utilidad diagnóstica de la resonancia magnética y de la tomografía computarizada en pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria.Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos para el diagnóstico de pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria, en una institución de ayudas diagnósticasde alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Resultados: se evaluaron cuatro casos de pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad coronaria. En el primero de la serie se demuestra la utilidad de la angiotomografía coronaria en un paciente con riesgo intermedio y prueba de esfuerzo con ejercicio no concluyente. En los dos casos siguientes, se demuestra la utilidad de la tomografía y la resonancia magnética para valorar las relaciones anatómicas en las anomalías del origen y del curso de estas arterias. Finalmente, se presenta un caso de fístula coronaría y la valoración de esta rara enfermedad por medio de la resonancia magnética...

Introduction: In recent years, advances in noninvasive diagnostic methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, have allowed the assessment of complex anatomical structures, which has prompted a growing interest in the evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. From a radiological point of view, assessment of the coronary arteries has presented many challenges, including the small size of the structures to be evaluated, the constant motion of the heart, and respiratory movements. Objective: to describe the imaging findings and the diagnostic usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary disease. Materials and methods: a descriptive case series on diagnosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease in a high complexity diagnostic imaging center in Medellin, Colombia. Results: four patients with suspected coronary disease were analyzed. The first of the series, demonstrates the utility of computed tomography angiography for excluding coronary disease in a patient with intermediate risk and inconclusive stress test. The following two cases, demonstrate the usefulness of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the anatomical relationships in anomalous origin and course of the coronary arteries. Finally, a case of coronary arterial fistula and its assessment by magnetic resonance imaging is presented...

Hematuria fatal por fístula ilíaco-vesical, reporte de caso / Lethal hematuria du to ilio-vesical fistula. Case report

Las fístulas ilíaco-vesicales son una rara complicación de los aneurismas de la aorta abdominal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 76 años con aneurisma roto de arteria ilíaca contenido en vejiga, que se manifestó por dolor abdominal y hematuria, y en quien se sospechó por tomografía una fístula ilíaco-vesical, la cual se confirmó durante la cirugía. El paciente falleció a los 20 días del procedimiento, por shock mixto séptico.

Iliocovesical fistulas are infrequent complications of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). We report the case of a 76 year-old male with a contained ruptured aneurysm of the iliac to the urinary bladder. Complaints on presentation were abdominal pain and hematuria; suspected iliacovesical fistula was reported on a computed tomography (CT) scan, which was confirmed during laparotomy. The patient died 20 days after the procedure due to mixed distributive septic shock.

Fístulas carótido-cavernosas: resultados clínico y angiográfico de los pacientes tratados por el Grupo de Neurorradiología del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, 1995-2007, Medellín, Colombia / Carotid-cavernous fistulae: Clinical and angiographic results in patients treated by the Neuro-radiology Group at a third-level University Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, 1995-2007

Introducción: las fístulas carótido-cavernosas son frecuentes en Medellín, Colombia, y su tratamiento quirúrgico se asocia a tasas elevadas de complicaciones debido a las características anatómicas peculiares de esta zona; por ello la terapia endovascular ha surgido como la primera opción de tratamiento para los pacientes con este trastorno. Objetivo: describir las principales características de un grupo de pacientes con fístulas carótido-cavernosas, el procedimiento terapéutico empleado y los resultados clínicos y angiográficos obtenidos. Pacientes y métodos: se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 51 pacientes tratados por el grupo de Neurorradiología del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, entre los años 1995 y 2007. Se tuvieron en cuenta algunas variables demográficas, la etiología de la fístula, el estado clínico inicial y final, el tipo de fístula, el método terapéutico empleado y los resultados angiográficos. Resultados: se encontró un total de 51 pacientes, tres de ellos con fístulas bilaterales para un total de 54 fístulas; sin embargo, las fístulas de dos pacientes se resolvieron espontáneamente y la de otro se resolvió con masaje carotídeo. Por ello el tratamiento endovascular se hizo en solo 48 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue de 35 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (74,5%). Las fístulas fueron traumáticas en 47 pacientes (92,2%), y espontáneas en cuatro (7,8%); de los 47 pacientes con fístulas traumáticas, en 33 (70,2%) se originaron por trauma cerrado, en 12 (25,5%) por heridas con arma de fuego, y en dos (4,3%) por herida con arma cortopunzante. Las manifestaciones clínicas encontradas en orden descendente de frecuencia fueron: quemosis, proptosis, soplo, dolor, disminución de la agudeza visual y sangrado intracraneal. Según la clasificación de Barrow, las fístulas fueron de tipo A en el 86,0% de los casos, de tipo B en el 9,8%, de tipo C en el 1,9% y de tipo D en el 1,9%...

Introduction: Carotid-cavernous fistulae are frequently found in Medellín, Colombia and their surgical treatment associates with a high rate of complications due to the peculiarities of this anatomic zone. Endovascular therapy has become the first option in patients with these lesions. Objective: to describe the main demographic, clinical and angiographic features of a group of patients with carotid-cavernous fistulae, the therapeutic approach used in them, and the results obtained from the clinical and angiographic standpoints. Patients and methods: We reviewed the clinical charts of 51 patients treated by the Neuro-radiology Group at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, in Medellín, Colombia, between 1995 and 2007. The following information was taken into account: demographic variables, etiology, initial and final clinical situation, therapeutic procedures, and angiographic results. Results: A total of 51 patients were found, three of which had bilateral lesions. Two patients had spontaneous resolution of their fistulae and in one more it resolved with carotid massage. Endovascular treatment was therefore carried out in only 48 patients. Average age was 35 years, and 74.5% of the patients were males. Fistulae were traumatic in 47 patients (92.2%) and spontaneous in four (7.8%). Out of the 47 traumatic fistulae, 33 (70.2%) were due to closed cranio-encephalic trauma. In 12 they were produced by firearm wounds and in two they were due to wounds with sharp instruments. In decreasing order of frequency clinical manifestations were: chemosis, proptosis, murmur, pain, decreased visual acuity and intracranial bleeding. Concerning the type of fistula (Barrow classification), they were type A in 86.0%, type B in 9.8%, type C in 1.9% and type D in 1.9%...

Initial experience with the Buttonhole technique in a Brazilian hemodialysis center / Experiência inicial com a técnica de Buttonhole em um centro de hemodiálise Brasileiro

INTRODUÇÃO: A técnica de punção de fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálise mais comumente utilizada é a de alternância de sítios de punção. Uma técnica opcional (buttonhole) vem-se popularizando, pois os sítios de punção são constantes, oferecendo vantagens para pacientes com características especiais. OBJETIVO: Avaliar experiência inicial do serviço com a técnica de buttonhole e determinar sua utilidade. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: 21 pacientes com fístulas curtas, tortuosas, de difícil punção ou dolorosas foram puncionados pela primeira vez utilizando-se agulhas apropriadas para a técnica buttonhole. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados sangramentos intra- ou pós-hemodiálise, assim como não houve hematomas. Observou-se dor de intensidade leve e mesmo ausência de dor em alguns pacientes (15 por cento). Houve perda de duas fístulas arteriovenosas (9,5 por cento) e 47,6 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram coágulos em algum momento, situações essas relacionadas com a troca de puncionador. Um paciente apresentou abscesso paravertebral, admitindo-se a disseminação via fístula arteriovenosa. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: As vantagens de menor dor, menor erro de punção e hematoma são contrabalançadas por aumento do risco de infecção e perda do acesso quando ocorre quebra da técnica ou mais de um puncionador está envolvido. É técnica útil para pacientes selecionados.

INTRODUCTION: The most commonly used technique of arteriovenous fistula cannulation for hemodialysis is the rope-ladder technique with alternation of the cannulation site. An alternative technique, the buttonhole (BH) technique, has become popular because its constant cannulation sites are advantageous for patients with special characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To assess the initial experience of our service with the BH technique and determine its usefulness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with short, tortuous, painful fistulae of difficult cannulation were submitted to the BH technique for the first time using appropriate needles. RESULTS: Neither bleeding nor hematoma were observed during or after hemodialysis. Some patients (15 percent) reported little or no pain. Two (9.5 percent) arteriovenous fistulae were lost, and 47.6 percent of the patients developed fistula clotting at some point in the study, both situations related to change in cannulators. One patient had a paravertebral abscess, possibly originating from the arteriovenous fistula. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The advantages of reducing pain, miscannulation, and hematoma incidence were counterbalanced by an increased risk of infection and loss of vascular access, due to noncompliance with the technique or involvement of more than one cannulator. The BH technique is useful for selected patients.

Arteriovenous fistula cannulation by buttonhole technique using dull needle / Punção da fístula arteriovenosa com a técnica em casa de botão com agulha romba

INTRODUÇÃO: A canulação da fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) pode ser realizada pelas técnicas de punção por área, rotatória ou em casa de botão (CB); entretanto, a técnica ideal ainda não foi estabelecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as dificuldades e complicações na introdução da técnica de punção em CB em FAV construída com veia nativa. MÉTODOS: 16 pacientes com idade de 57±14 anos, em hemodiálise há 63±38 meses foram submetidos à punção em CB. Na fase de formação do túnel (T), as punções foram feitas com agulha cortante (AC) e na fase de manutenção com agulha romba (AR). Nas duas fases, os pacientes foram avaliados para a intensidade da dor em uma escala de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: O nº de sessões de HD para formação do T foi de 9,5 ± 1,5 e o número de sessões na fase de manutenção foi de 29,7 ± 0,8. Nas 152 HD para formação do T não ocorreram complicações significativas. Durante 475 HD com AR as complicações foram: resistência na punção (7,6 por cento), punção com AC por opção do puncionador (5,7 por cento), troca de AR para AC durante a punção (4,2 por cento) e sangramento local durante a HD (0,8 por cento). Um paciente necessitou antibioticoterapia. A mediana do índice de dor foi 4 na fase de formação do T e 2 na fase de manutenção. Os valores de Kt/V pré- e pós-alteração na técnica de punção não foram diferentes (1,48 ± 0,27 e 1,45 ± 0,23). CONCLUSÃO: A implantação da punção em CB com AR é tecnicamente fácil, apresenta poucas complicações, reduz a dor e não induz variação na dose de diálise.

INTRODUCTION: Cannulation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) may be performed by the following techniques: area puncture, rope ladder, or buttonhole. The ideal technique has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE: To assess the complications and difficulties of introducing the buttonhole (BH) technique for cannulation of AVF created with a native vein in a dialysis unit. METHODS: Sixteen patients (mean age, 57 ± 14 years) undergoing hemodialysis for 63 ± 38 months were changed to BH AVF cannulation. In the phase of track formation cannulations were performed with sharp needles and, in the maintenance phase, with blunt needles. In both phases, patients were assessed for pain intensity on a 0 to 10 scale. RESULTS: The number of HD sessions required for the track formation was 9.5 ± 1.5 and the number of sessions during the maintenance phase was 29.7 ± 0.8 per patient. During the 152 HD for the track formation, no significant complications occurred. During the 475 HD sessions using the BH technique and a blunt needle, the complications were as follows: resistance to cannulation (7.6 percent); cannulation using a sharp needle due to cannulator choice (5.7 percent); change from a blunt to a sharp needle during cannulation (4.2 percent); and local bleeding (0.8 percent). One patient required antibiotic therapy. The median pain intensity reported by the patients was four during the track formation, and two during cannulation with a blunt needle. The Kt/V values before and after changing the cannulation technique did not differ (1.48 ± 0.27 and 1.48 ± 0.23). CONCLUSION: The introduction of the BH technique with a blunt needle is technically easy, has few complications, reduces pain, and does not induce change in dialysis dose.

Multiple coronary artery-left ventricular fistulas in a patient with left ventricular hypertrophy / 대한내과학회지

Congenital coronary artery fistulas between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber occur in 0.2% of diagnostic cardiac catheterizations and usually arise when the right coronary artery drains into a right heart structure, such as the right atrium, right ventricle, or pulmonary artery. Fistulas draining into the left ventricle are uncommon. We report a case of multiple coronary artery-left ventricular microfistulas with eccentric septal hypertrophy presented as squeezing chest pain and discomfort at rest. This was diagnosed by coronary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography.

Color Doppler flow imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of hepatic vascular anomalies / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To summarize the major ultrasonic manifestations of various hepatic vascular anomaly(HVA), so as to improve the ultrasonic diagnosis rate of HVA. Methods: The chief complaints, timing and mode of ultrasonic diagnosis of 18 patients with congenital HVA or post-liver transplantation HVA were retrospectively analyzed. Six of the 18 patients were subjected to detailed analysis. The major ultrasonic manifestations of various HVA were observed and experience of ultrasonic diagnosis was summarized. Results: The major vascular abnormalities in our group included hepatic vascular fistula (including fistulas between artery and vein, artery and portal vein, portal vein and hepatic vein, also a complex fistula among artery, portal vein and hepatic vein), portal aneurysm, congenital portal atresia and portal vein cavernous transformation; among which the portal atresia and the complex hepatic fistula involving hepatic artery, hepatic vein and portal vein were rarely described in the literature. Color Doppler ultrasound was the first choice for detection and diagnosis of HVA; contrast-enhanced ultrasound was sensitive and specific in diagnosis of all vascular fistulas due to its ability to display homodynamic phase. Conclusion: The wide application of Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination improves the detection and diagnosis of HVA; diagnosis should be made based on scientific diagnosis mode and precise diagnosis planning.

A Rare but Fatal Instance of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Primary Aortoenteric Fistula

Primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) is a rare but catastrophic cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnosis of PAEF is difficult to make. The classic triad of symptoms, i.e. gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a pulsating abdominal mass is overemphasized, as it occurs in less than 11~25% of the patients. For two thirds of the patients, the diagnosis is made in the operating room. Endoscopic and radiographic studies are very helpful, but the absence of abnormalities can not exclude the diagnosis. PAEF is a clinical and surgical challenge associated with high mortality. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt and appropriate surgical intervention are essential to patient survival. Two primary aortoenteric fistulas (aortoduodenal and aortoesophageal) cases are presented and the related literature are reviewed.

Application of endovascular stent graft in treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of Jostent coronary stent-graft in endovascular treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula. Methods Eight patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula were treated by Jostent coronary steat graft from June 2001 to May 2007. Results The stent graft was successfully implanted in the target artery in all patients. The fistula in all patients was removed and the parent arteries kept unblocked. The clinical outcome was favorable, with no operation-related complications occurred. The ang4ogram showed normal patency of the parent arteries, without recanalization of the fistula six months after the stent graft implantation in six patients. Conclusions Stent graft is a useful tool for endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistula in selected patients. Further research is needed to optimize the stent graft for further use in cerebrovascular system.

Cierre de fístula coronaria con Amplatzer vascular plug en el paciente pediátrico / Closure of a Coronary Fistula with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug in a Pediatric Patient

La fístula coronaria congénita es una patología poco frecuente y en general asintomática, por lo que muchas veces se diagnostica por un hallazgo incidental. Con dependencia de la repercusión hemodinámica, algunos siguen una conducta conservadora, otros indican tratamiento quirúrgico o, más recientemente, oclusión por cateterismo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con una gran fístula coronaria-cameral, que se trató mediante embolización percutánea con dispositivo Amplatzer vascular plug. No se presentaron complicaciones durante el procedimiento ni en el seguimiento.

Congenital coronary fistula is an infrequent condition generally asymptomatic, which is mostly diagnosed by an incidental finding. Depending on the presence of hemodynamic compromise, coronary fistulas may be treated with a conservative approach, with surgery or, recently, with transcatheter closure. We present a case report of a patient with a large coronarycameral fistula treated with percutaneous embolization with Amplatzer vascular plug. No complications developed during the procedure and follow-up.

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft vascular access for hemodialysis in the upper arm / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application of expanded p01ytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)grafts in upper arm to build arteriovenous aCCeSS for hemodialysis. Methods ePTFE graft vascular access was built in the upper arm in 20 uremia patients.Three operation strategies were applied according to the reference,including loop grafts connected axillary artery and axillary vein,straight graft connected axillary artery and elbow basilic vein,and bridge connected elbow brachial artery and axillary vein. Results Twenty operations were successful and after 6-8 weeks the fistula of all cases were used in hemodialysis.The blood flows were 220-300 ml/min without re-circulation found.Conclusion ePTFE graft arteriovenous vascular access in the upper arm could be an alternative for hemodialysis patients who are difficult to build native arteriovenous fistula.

Endovascular interventional treatment of carotid artery injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the endovascular interventional minimally invasive techniques(IMIT)for treatment of carotid artery iniury. Methods A total of 111 cases of carotid artery injury diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA)were treated with IMIT.Except for 1 case of extracranial segment injury of internal carotid artery treated with transcatheter stentgraft placement to obturate the rupture of carotid artery,the other 110 cases of intracranial segment injury of internal carotid artery(ICA)were treated with embolization with balloons in 73,embolization with coils in 12,injection of NBCA and PVA in 6,stent-graft placement in 11 and embolization with multiple materials in 8. Results Angiography demonstrated rupture of extracranial segment of internal carotid artery and arteriovenous fistula(AVF)at the neck in 1 case,traumatic carotid cavernous fistula(TCCF)in 83.traumatic pseudoaneurysm at intracranial segment of carotid artery in 14 and both TCCF and pseudoaneurysm in 13.The interventional treatment succeeded in all cases and interual carotid arteries were well protected in 62 cases.Completion angiography documented complete obliteration of the fistulas,with complete disappearance of the clinical symptoms in 110 cases and improvement in 1.Minor complications occurred in 2 cases,without death occurred.During the follow-up for 1-14 months,16 cases reexamined with DSA,which showed that the symptoms of 3 cases reoccurred,2 of whom were cured by re-embolization and 1 was under clinical observation. Conclusions IMIT including transcatheter selective embolization and stent-graft implantation is minimally invasive,safe and effective for treatment of carotid artery injury.

Spontaneous Closure of Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Fistula to Left Ventricle After Septal Myectomy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

Cases of iatrogenic coronary artery fistulas draining into the left ventricle after surgical myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy have been published as sporadic reports. However, its management scheme and prognosis are not clear because of the low incidence. A 46-yr-old woman was hospitalized for evaluation of chest pain and shortness of breath for 3 months. Transthoracic echocardiographic examination showed typical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with a peak pressure gradient of 71 mmHg across the left ventricular outflow tract. The patient underwent surgical septal myectomy. Postoperative color Doppler imaging revealed a diastolic blood flow from the interventricular septal myocardium to the left ventricular cavity, i.e. iatrogenic coronary artery fistula to the left ventricle. Ten days later, the fistula closed spontaneously which was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by coronary angiography.