Evaluación de la capacidad bactericida de extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad de Drimys granadensis / Evaluation of the bactericidal capacity of vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis with different polarities

Empleando el método de maceración en frío y fraccionamiento con solventes de polaridad creciente, se obtuvo cuatro extractos vegetales de distinta polaridad en las hojas de Drimys granadensis: Muy apolar (MA), apolar (A), polar (P) y Muy polar (MP), los cuales se obtuvieron al utilizar hexano, cloroformo, acetona y metanol para el fraccionamiento correspondiente. Una vez se obtuvieron los extractos, se siguió el protocolo de Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) para determinar la concentración mínima a la cual se inhibe el crecimiento bacteriano, frente a dos cepas bacterianas Gram positivas: Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermis; y dos Gram negativas: Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli. Como resultado se obtuvo que la fracción polar (P) fue la más efectiva, inhibiendo el crecimiento de todas las cepas bacterianas evaluadas a partir de una concentración de 15 mg/mL.

Applying a cold maceration method and a fractioning with polar increasing solvents, four vegetable extracts of Drimys granadensis leaves were obtained: Very nonpolar (MA), nonpolar (A), polar (P) and very polar (MP); each one of them were obtained using hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol correspondingly. Afterwards we followed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test (MIC) to determine the lowest concentration to inhibit the bacterial growth of two Gram positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis; and two Gram negative strains: Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. As a result, the polar fraction (P) was the most effective one by inhibiting the growth of all bacterial strains with a minimum concentration of 15 mg/mL.

Anti-Escherichia coli effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in a meat model

Abstract Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is used in traditional medicine because of its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antibacterial. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria and as an indicator of contamination in food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-Escherichia coli effect and the change in pH on the control of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, using hydroethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa L. in different concentrations in a meat model, verifying its potential as food additive for microbiological stability on ground beef during cooling storage. For the preparation of the treatments, the meat experimental units were elaborated with different concentrations of the vegetal extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%), ground beef and contaminated with E. coli. For pH evaluation, the meat experimental units were added different percentages of hydroethanolic extract. The H. sabdariffa L. antibacterial action reduced two logarithmic levels in practically all treatments. The best pH result was obtained in the meat containing 30% of the extract. The hydroethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. showed anti-Escherichia coli activity in the presence of refrigerated ground beef. Analyzing the pH results and the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, it is possible this extract to be used as a natural food additive.

Evaluation in vitro of antimicrobial activity of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L. ) on an acrylic surface of removable orthodontic appliances

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) extract in S. Muttans biofilm colonized in specimens confectioned in the same acrylic used for removable orthodontics appliances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To perform this work, 42 specimens were confectioned (sterile spherical acrylic disks) and immersed in pure extract and in serial dilution of extract (1:2 until 1:10) during 24, 48 and 72 hours. For each time of exposition, a disintegration of bacterial film by sonication in saline and posterior seed in agar, for colony count, were carried out. ATCC strains of S. muttans were selected, and 2% chlorhexidine solution was used as inhibition control. RESULTS: The results showed, by quantitative analysis, that basil extract has antibacterial activity in S. muttans biofilm, when used in pure state or in dilution until 1:4. CONCLUSION: Besides, it was possible observe the more increase the incubation time, independent the dilution, the higher degradation of extract.

Preparo e caracterização de tinturas das folhas de chá verde [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Theaceae / Preparation and characterization of Theaceae green tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] leaf tinctures

Tinturas preparadas com as folhas de Camellia sinensis (chá verde), foram caracterizadas visando a obtenção de extratos enriquecidos em polifenóis. As tinturas foram obtidas por meio de maceração estática da droga pulverizada, com diferentes misturas de 60, 70, 80 e 94,5% de etanol em água. Em seguida foram filtradas e, após 8 dias de extração, realizaram-se as analises: organoléptica, pH, densidade, determinação do resíduo seco, perfil cromatográfico por camada delgada, e teor de polifenóis. Os resultados demonstraram que o solvente (mistura hidroalcoólica a 60 ou 70%) extraiu a maior quantidade de constituintes químicos do chá verde; também foi o mais seletivo ao extrair, especificamente os polifenóis. Estes dados sugerem que a utilização de álcool etílico a 60 ou 70% conduz à obtenção de tinturas mais ricas em polifenóis, a partir das folhas do chá verde (C. sinensis).

In this work, we prepared and characterized Camellia sinensis leaf tinctures aiming to obtain a polyphenol-enriched extract. The tinctures were prepared through the static maceration process of the powdered drug, at different mixtures 60, 70, 80 and 94.5% of ethanol in water. The tinctures were filtered, and after 8 days of extraction, submitted to organoleptic analysis, determination of pH, density analysis, dry residue analysis, thin layer chromatographic profile and polyphenol percentage analysis. The results showed that the 60 or 70% alcohol-water mixture has the best extraction of the constituents of green tea and it was more selective to extract, specifically, the polyphenols of the plant. These data suggest the use of 60 or 70% ethanol to carry out polyphenol-enriched tinctures from green tea leaves (C. sinensis).

Atividade biológica de extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de timbó (Lonchocarpus floribundus) sobre carrapato bovino / Biological activity of ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of timbo (Lonchocarpus floribundus) on cattle tick

Ethylic acetate, ethanolic and aqueous roots extracts of Lonchocarpus floribundus were used to evaluate their biological activity on cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Adult ticks were collected in artificially infested cattle, separated into groups of ten individuals, weighed and immersed separately in the extracts of L. Floribundus roots at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg mL-1. For biological evaluation 14-21-day-old larvae were used, which were immersed in the extracts at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg mL-1. After treatment, each group was placed in a Petri dish and maintained at 27 ± 1 ºC and 80 ± 5% relative humidity. The extracts evaluated were not effective to induce mortality of over 50%-engorged female. The ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts induced 100% mortality of larvae. The ethanolic extract was more toxic (median lethal concentration, LC50, of 2.1 mg mL-1) than the ethylic acetate extract (LC50 = 4.1 mg mL-1). For the ethanolic extract it was estimated a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.0 mg mL-1 and it was more toxic than the other extracts on this parameter. Among the three extracts evaluated, the ethylic acetate and ethanolic extracts showed the highest potential for the control of reproduction of R. (B.) microplus, reaching 100% at concentration of 5 mg mL-1. The L. Floribundus root extracts showed biological activity on cattle tick.

Os extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de raízes de Lonchocarpus floribundus foram utilizados, a fim de avaliar a atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino. Carrapatos adultos foram coletados em bovinos infestados artificialmente, separados em grupos de dez indivíduos, pesados e imersos, separadamente, nos extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus, nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg mL-1. Para a avaliação em larvas, foram utilizados indivíduos de 14 a 21 dias, os quais foram imersos nos extratos nas concentrações de 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mg mL-1. Após o tratamento, cada grupo foi colocado em placa de Petri e incubado a 27 ± 1 ºC e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5%. Os extratos avaliados não foram eficazes para induzir, acima de 50%, a mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico induziram 100% de mortalidade de larvas. Entretanto, quanto aos valores de concentração letal mediana (CL50), o extrato etanólico (CL50 = 2,1 mg mL-1) foi mais tóxico que o extrato acetato de etila (CL50 = 4,1 mg mL-1). O extrato etanólico estimou concentração inibitória mediana (CI50) de 3,0 mg mL-1 e foi mais tóxico que os demais extratos quanto a este parâmetro de avaliação. Entre os três extratos avaliados, os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao controle de reprodução de R. (B.) microplus, atingindo 100% na concentração de 5 mg mL-1. Os extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus apresentaram atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino.

Avaliação da resposta tecidual de extratos de araçá (Psidium Cattleianum) associado ao hidróxido de cálcio: análise edemogênica e histológica em ratos / Evaluation of tissue response of extracts of araça (Psidium cattleianum) associated with calcium hydroxide: edemogenic and hystological analysis in rats

Extratos de folhas de araçá (Psidium cattleianum) são biocompatíveis e quando associados ao hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] inibe o Enterococcus faecalis em 24 horas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta tecidual dos extratos da folha de araçá associado com Ca(OH)2, por meio da análise edemogênica e histológica. Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos (Wistar) pesando entre 200g e 280g. Para a análise edemogênica foram utilizados 30 animais divididos em 3 grupos [Extrato aquoso + Ca(OH)2 (A), Extrato etanólico + Ca(OH)2 (B), Propilenoglicol + Ca(OH)2 (C)], com 10 animais sendo 5 para cada período de 3 e 6 horas. Sob anestesia geral foram injetados 0,2ml/100g de massa corporal de Azul de Evans a 1% na veia peniana, após 30 minutos foi injetado no subcutâneo da região dorsal cada associação a ser avaliada. A análise edemogênica foi realizada por meio de espectrofotometria (λ=630ηm) após 3 e 6 horas. Para análise da reação inflamatória foram utilizados 50 ratos, que receberam quatro tubos de polietileno contendo os grupos experimentais citados anteriormente e um grupo controle (tubo vazio). Os períodos de avaliação foram de 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. As lâminas obtidas foram analisadas na coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina atribuindo-se escores para intensidade da resposta tecidual. Observou-se que para a análise edemogênica a associação do extrato etanólico ao Ca(OH)2 mostrou no período de 3 horas maior edema em comparação aos outros grupos (p<0,05). No período de 6 horas os grupos não apresentaram diferença significante. Para a análise histológica foi observada evolução do reparo ao longo do tempo (p<0,05), os extratos aquoso e etanólico apresentaram resposta semelhante aos grupos controle e Ca(OH)2 + propilenoglicol. Pode-se concluir que a utilização de extratos de araçá como veículo do Ca(OH)2 apresentam resposta tecidual favorável assim como o propilenoglicol associado ao Ca(OH)2...

Leaf extracts from ’araçᒠ(Psidium cattleianum) are biocompatible and when combined with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2] inhibits Enterococcus faecalis in 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue respons of the ’araça’ leaf extracts associated to Ca(OH)2 by edemogenic and histological analysis. Eighty male wistar rats weighing between 200 and 280g were used in this study. For edemogenic analysis, 30 animals were divided in 3 groups (n=10) - (a) aqueous ’araça’ extract + Ca(OH)2; (b) ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; (c) propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2. Half of the specimens were evaluated after 3 hours and half after 6 hours. Under general anesthesia, 0,2ml/100g body weight of 1% Evans blue were injected in the penile vein. After 30 minutes, each studied substance was injected in the subcutaneous. Edemogenic analysis was performed though spectrophotometry (λ=630ηm) after 3 and 6 hours. For the inflammatory reaction evaluation, 50 rats were used. Each rat received 4 polyethylene tubes containing the studied substances and one empty tube (control). Evaluation periods were 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and scores were attributed for intensity of tissue response. The association of ethanolic extract to Ca(OH)2 presented larger edema after 3 hours than the other groups (p<0.05). After 6 hours there was no significant difference. On the histological analysis, an evolution on tissue repair was observed over time. The extract groups presented similar response to the Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol and control. In conclusion that the use of guava extract as vehicle of Ca (OH)2 exhibit favorable tissue response as well as propylene associated with Ca (OH)2...

Produtos em filme ? Inovação na tecnologia de cosméticos / Film products - Innovation in cosmetics technology

A indústria cosmética tem investido fortemente na pesquisa e no desenvolvimento de novos produtos, para melhor atender as exigências do consumidor. Como inovação neste segmento têm despontado os cosméticos em filme. A partir de uma fórmula inicial, contendo como formador de película um polissacarídeo constituído de maltotriose e como agente gelificante sodium polyacrylate, foram obtidos géis viscosos que foram espalhados em placas de vidro, de maneira a se obter filmes de 1 mm de espessura. Após secagem à temperatura ambiente, os mesmos foram recortados (1 cm2) e acondicionados. Várias alterações foram realizadas a fim de se obter um filme flexível, com rigidez adequada, ausência de rachaduras e de bolhas, fácil dissolução em água e sensorial agradável. As formulações foram submetidas a diferentes temperaturas para avaliação preliminar da estabilidade. Foram desenvolvidos dois produtos, um contendo extratos hidroglicólicos de Aloe Vera e de Rosa Branca, auxiliares no tratamento da acne, e outro contendo extratos hidroglicólicos de Camomila e de Pera, auxiliares no combate a olheiras. Pequenos, leves e finos, os cosméticos em filme representam inovação que pode ocupar o lugar de produtos tradicionais, por proporcionarem maior praticidade e facilidade de uso e de transporte, mantendo a eficácia e a segurança necessárias a um cosmético.

The cosmetics industry has invested heavily in the research and development of new products, to satisfy consumer demands. As a result of the innovation in this sector, cosmetics have emerged in film format. Starting from an initial formula containing a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units as a film former and sodium polyacrylate as gelling agent, viscous gels were obtained and dispersed in glass plate, in order to obtain 1 mm thick films. After drying to room temperature, they were cut out (1 cm2) and conditioned. Various alterations were carried out in order to obtain a film with good flexibility, adequate rigidity, without cracks and bubbles, easy dissolution in water and a pleasant feel. The formulations were submitted to different temperatures, for preliminary evaluation of their stability. Two products were developed: one containing hydroglicolic extracts from aloe vera and white rose, auxiliaries in the treatment of acne, and another containing hydroglicolic extracts from chamomile and of pear, used to combat dark circles under the eyes. Small, light and thin, film cosmetics are an innovation that can take the place of traditional products, as they offer greater practicality and ease of use and transport, maintaining the effectiveness and safety necessary for cosmetics.