The role of parental education on verbal abuse and its impact on the mental health of young adults / El papel de la educación de los padres en la violencia verbal y su impacto en la salud mental de los adultos jóvenes

Abstract Introduction Verbal abuse is one of the domestic violence that is still underestimated because it has no direct physical effect; it has a tremendous impact on young adults' mental health. Objective This study wanted to confirm the negative effect of verbal abuse on mental health. In addition, parental education is also predicted to play a role in young adults' mental health. Method This study uses a quantitative approach with a total sample of 160 respondents, consisting of 47 males and 113 females. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires through social media, with the criteria of respondents being in the range of 18-22 years old and being cared for by their parents in childhood. Results The results showed a significant negative effect of parental verbal abuse in childhood on mental health in young adults. In addition, a father's education also has a positive effect on young adults' mental health, whereas a mother's education does not play a role in mental health. Discussion and conclusion Verbal abuse from parents as a youngster will impact one's mental health as a young adult. Future research is expected to look at who commits verbal abuse in more detail and increase the sample size to evaluate the effect of maternal education.

Resumen Introducción El abuso verbal es una de las violencias domésticas que aún se subestima porque no tiene ningún efecto físico directo; de hecho, tiene un impacto tremendo en la salud mental de los adultos jóvenes. Objetivo Este estudio quería confirmar el efecto negativo del abuso verbal en la salud mental. Además, también se prevé que la educación de los padres desempeñe un papel en la salud mental de los adultos jóvenes. Método Este estudio utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo con una muestra total de 160 encuestados que consta de 47 hombres y 113 mujeres. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la distribución de cuestionarios a través de las redes sociales, con el criterio de que los encuestados se encontraran en el rango de 18 a 22 años y fueran cuidados por sus padres en la infancia. Resultados Los resultados mostraron un efecto negativo y significativo del abuso verbal de los padres en la infancia sobre la salud mental en el adulto joven. Además, la educación del padre también tiene un efecto positivo en la salud mental de los adultos jóvenes, mientras que la educación de la madre no influye en la salud mental. Discusión y conclusión El abuso verbal de los padres cuando era joven tendrá un impacto en la salud mental de uno en el adulto joven. Se espera que la investigación futura observe quién comete abuso verbal con más detalle y aumente el tamaño de la muestra para evaluar el efecto de la educación materna.

Prevalence of Violence against Health Care Personnel in a Tertiary Care Centre, Hubballi, India

Background: The sudden outburst of events in different parts of country like Dhule, Dharwad, Chennai and Jaipur led to the need of conducting a survey about violence against health care personnel. Health care personnel are at high risk of being victims of verbal and physical violence, its effect on them and their views on causes for sudden increase in such events. Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire regarding their experience with violence against health care personnel was prepared. Data was collected for two months 朚ay and June 2017. Sample size of 200 was calculated which included doctors, nursing staff and group D workers from KIMS Hubballi and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: 99.5% were aware of increasing violent events.76% of them have experienced violence of which, Verbal abuse- 92.10% being the highest form, emotional abuse -17.76% and physical violence 6.58%. The common place of violence was the emergency department -62.09% during daily working hours. 92.10% have reported that patient attenders caused violence. Conclusion: Verbal and emotional abuse against health care workers has significantly amplified which is deteriorating physician patient relationship. Violence against health care personnel is a serious issue that needs to be dealt with more safety measures at the hospital.

An exploratory study on violence among the college students in Urban Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Violence often blights people's lives for decades, leading to drug addiction, depression, suicide, school dropout, unemployment, and recurrent relationship difficulties. This exploratory study was conducted among professional degree colleges in urban Bengaluru from January to March 2017; the objectives were to find the magnitude, forms, and substance use in violence. A total of 450 students were studied. One hundred and twenty-three (27.3%) students experienced some kind of violence in the past 1 year and 77 (62.6%) were males. Verbal abuse (65.0%), pushing around (23.6%), and slapping (18.7%) were common forms of violence observed. Substance use was significantly associated with violence.

Workplace violence against resident doctors: A multicentric study from government medical colleges of Uttar Pradesh

According to the World Health Organization, between 8% and 38% of health workers suffer physical violence at some point in their careers. This multicentric study was conducted to find the prevalence, perceived risk factors, and measures to prevent workplace violence among doctors. The sample consisted of all 2nd- and 3rd-year resident doctors (n = 305) from three colleges in Uttar Pradesh. An anonymous, pretested in a similar setting, self-administered questionnaire was used. 69.5% of doctors reported to have experienced violence in one or other form in the past 1 year. In most incidents, relatives and attendants (69.3%) were involved in violence. No action was taken immediately in regard to violence in 35.3% of instances; 60.3% of study participants reported that they had repeated disturbing memories, thoughts, or images of the attack. Nonavailability of medicines (38.6%) and less staff (36.7%) were cited as top reasons behind violence.

Violence against resident doctors, its psychological impact and associated factors in accident & emergency department in a tertiary care institute of Haryana

Background: Violence in the healthcare setting is very common with the emergency department (ED) having the highest rate of violence in the hospital. While on one hand, the physical violence at the workplace has always been well recognized, the existence of psychological violence has been long underestimated. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study conducted in 6 months in a tertiary care center of Haryana among doctors in Emergency and casualty Department. Study subjects were junior residents and senior residents posted in the emergency department. The questionnaire is a predesigned survey questionnaire formulated by ILO/ ICN/ WHO/ PSI Joint. Results: Most of the physical violence was seen in Surgery & Orthopaedics department with respective frequency of 44% & 39% respectively; while most of the verbal abuse reported in Medicine department with frequency of 33%. Most of the physical violence and verbal abuse occurred in age group of 25-29; males were more predisposed to both physical and psychological violence. Only 63% of the subjects knew about the procedures of reporting existing in the health facility. Conclusion: The study concludes that physical violence and verbal abuse are high in our institute, but majority of doctors did not know about the procedures of reporting.

Influence of Verbal Abuse on Job Stress for Special Unit Nurses and General Ward Nurses in General Hospitals / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: It is expected that there will be a difference in job stress between special unit (operating room, anesthesia room) nurses and general ward nurses in general hospitals, but factors influencing job stress have not been examined. This study reports on research to examine the sources of verbal abuse in the workplace. METHODS: Participants were 243 nurses (special unit 112, general ward 132) working in a hospital in I city. Data collection period was March 18 to March 25, 2016 and questionnaires were used to collect data. Comparison of differences in influence of verbal abuse on job stress between special unit and general ward nurses was analyzed with multiple hierarchical regression. RESULTS: In special unit nurses, verbal abuse from doctors and/or nurses influenced their job stress (Adj. R²=.545). In general ward nurses, verbal abuse from patients and/or care-givers influenced their job stress (Adj. R²=.241). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a need to campaign for increase respect among nurse-doctor, nurse-nurse, and nurse-patients/care givers because verbal abuse from doctors, nurses, and patients/care-givers causes negative attitudes in nurses. General ward nurses in particular should provide sufficient explanation to patients about nursing services because verbal abuse from patients/care-givers is related to their complaints about nursing care.

Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies showing the association of exposure to peer (PeVA) and parental verbal abuse in childhood with structural alterations in the young adult brain suggest functional changes in adolescence. In this functional MRI study, we investigated the effects of exposure to PeVA, during elementary and middle school periods, on brain response to emotional words, in high school students. METHODS: An emotional Stroop task consisting of swear, negative, positive, and neutral words was performed during functional MRI scan for 23 subjects who were divided into low- and high exposure groups to PeVA. RESULTS: High-PeVA group had a higher depression score, greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity, and higher left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity in swear word conditions. The VLPFC activity and left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity was negatively related to the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PeVA, during childhood, is an aversive stimulus associated with meaningful functional change in emotional regulation network, showing hypersensitivity to swear words, at middle adolescence.

A Study on the Relationship between Upper-scale General Hospital Nurses' Experience of Verbal Abuse and Job Stress / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between upper-scale general hospital nurses' experience of verbal abuse and job stress. METHODS: Subjects were 245 nurses working at 3 upper-scale general hospitals in B city and the data were collected by convenience samples using self-reported questionnaires consist of general characteristics, verbal abuse and job stress. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The mean score of verbal abuse level was 2.2 points and job stress level was 2.5 points. Experience of verbal abuse and job stress among the subjects had a positive correlation, and verbal abuse against nurses especially showed a strong correlation with job stress. CONCLUSION: Results of this study show that nurses' experience of verbal abuse increases their job stress. Therefore, continuous education and training programs that are based on the case studies with coping method according to clinical careers and working areas are required to reduce upper-scale general hospital nurses' experience of verbal abuse and decrease their job stress.

The Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Verbal Abuse Questionnaire in University Students

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (K-VAQ) that consists of 15 items related with life-time verbal aggression exposure. METHODS: A total of 5814 university students who agreed to take part in the study completed the K-VAQ, the Korean version of the Life Event CheckList (LEC-K) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (K-IES-R). Internal consistency was checked by using item-total item correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and convergent and concurrent validity levels were examined. Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted to verify the validity of the cutoff point of the K-VAQ. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was 0.9. The K-VAQ showed a single factor structure which explained 55.34% of the total variance. The K-VAQ was significantly associated with the LEC-K (r=0.24) and K-IES-R (r=0.28), indicating good convergent validity and concurrent validity. The cluster analysis provided four clusters of trauma experiences: high, moderate, low, and minimal, with K-VAQ ranges of 43-81, 20-42, 7-19, and 0-6, respectively. In a further investigation, a K-VAQ score of 40 was found to be the appropriate cutoff point to delineate the highly verbally abused group, as used in the previous studies. A sum of 36.5% of the highly verbally abused group reported to show substantial symptoms of PTSD (K-IES-R score >22). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that the K-VAQ has good psychometric properties for assessing verbal aggression among the Korean population.

Experience of Verbal Abuse, Emotional Response, and Ways to Deal with Verbal Abuse against Nurses in Hospital / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study tries to identify experience of verbal abuse, emotional response, and ways to deal with verbal abuse against nurses in hospitals. METHODS: This study was a descriptive research and conducted from April to July 2011. One hundred and seventeen nurses with over one-year experience in general wards were selected and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The nurses' experience rate of verbal abuse during the entire period of work in hospitals was 98.3%. The majority of the nurses were verbally abused by patients (70.9%), followed by patients' relatives (65.8%), physicians (61.5%), and coworkers (58.1%). Overall negative emotional response score of nurses after verbal abuse was 38.82+/-8.28. Ways to deal with verbal abuse were as follows: suppression was 74.4%, complaining of an injustice to close people, 67.5%, and ignoring, 43.6%. CONCLUSION: Nurses have significantly been exposed to verbal abuse while working in hospitals. Therefore, hospital managers and nurse managers are required to inform other staff and visitors in hospitals the real condition of verbal abuse against nurses and provide a safe work environment by developing the report and disposal system of verbal abuse.

A Study on the Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Perioperative Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of perioperative nurses. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 500 perioperative nurses from 11 hospitals. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires from Sep. 19 to Sep. 27, 2009. RESULTS: There was statistically significant relationship among the five variables. The analyses of covariance of these five variables revealed overall significant (p<.05). Stepwise linear multiple regression analyses were used to examine the influence of these five variables. Results indicated that the variables for verbal abuse (p<.01), workplace climate (p<.01), internal marketing (p<.001), and job transfer (p<.001) contributed significantly to the job satisfaction (adjusted R square=.426), while the verbal abuse (p<.01), internal marketing (p<.01), leadership style (p<.001) and workplace climate (p<.001) did to the organizational commitment (adjusted R square=.351). Canonical correlation analyses revealed that internal marketing and workplace climate contributed most significantly both to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: This study found that all these five nursing managerial factors were important influential on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment of perioperative nurses. Addressing these factors with further research will surely improve the commitment of these nurses and ultimately lead to better perioperative nursing care.

An Association among Verbal Abuse, Social Support and Turnover Intention for Special Unit Nurses in a Hospital / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Nurses' turnover has a negative influence on the nursing staff, as well as on the hospital organization as a whole. In an effort to reduce the turnover of nurses, the conditions causing turnover intentions can be identified and managed. The research is conducted to identify the association among verbal abuse, social support, and turnover intentions for special unit nurses. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 105 registered nurses who worked in the following areas at Kyonggi province hospital: operating room, intensive care unit, and anesthesia department. The questionnaires included questions in the following areas: verbal abuse by doctors, supervisors, and colleagues social supports by supervisors and colleagues and turnover intention. The survey was distributed and analyzed based on nurses' responses. RESULTS: Operating room nurses had the highest turn over intentions. The verbal abuse by doctors and supervisors were highest in the operating room. Verbal abuse by supervisors had a significantly positive association with turnover intentions. Verbal abuse by doctors and by colleagues was not associated with the intention to leave. Finally, the social support by supervisors had a significant negative association with turnover intentions. Social supports by colleagues did not affect turnover intentions. CONCLUSIONS: For nurses working at special units, verbal abuse and social support by supervisors had a significant association with turnover intentions. It is important for supervisors to make an effort to reduce nurses' turnover intentions by reducing verbal abuse and by increasing social support.

Workplace Violence Experienced by Nurses in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre

Lately, increasing workplace violence is a problem that requires serious attention by the management of the healthcare sector. This study was carried out to examine workplace violence experienced by nurses in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. It aimed to identify the category of nursing staff who formed the highest number of victims, the perpetrators and the common types of workplace violence. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a three month period on 55 nurses who had participated voluntarily in this study. The demographic data and data on the violent incident were collected by using a 21-item questionnaire. The reliability and validity with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.872. Information on the most common types of violence, victims and the perpetrators was also collected. The study revealed that workplace violence among the nursing staff was 3.7% with an average of 1.2% being abused per month and one nurse being abused every other day. The study also revealed that the staff nurses were the most common victims and the perpetrators were mainly the patients (40.6%) and the patients’ relatives (37.5%). The most common forms of violence were verbal abuse (31.9%) and verbal threat (23.7%). Physical violence was experienced by 44.4% of the victims. These results suggest that workplace violence is a serious problem which should be addressed in order to create a safe environment for the nurses.

Survey of Emergency Department Violence

PURPOSE: Violence in the Emergency Department is a common concern but it is an ill-defined and underreported problem because no organization or administrative guidelines exist to adequately address it. The aim of this effort was to gather demographic information on the persons responsible for the violence and on the causes of the violence, so we would have basic data for the prevention of such violence. METHODS: The answers of Emergency Department doctors and nurses working in tertiary, university hospitals in South Korea to questions on a prospective questionaires during the period from December 2002 through February 2003 were analyzed. The survey used 10 questions to elicit demographic information on the persons responsible for the violence, the degree of violence, the severity of the patient' s disease and the reason for the violence. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-five (225) cases of violence in the emergency department were reported from 6 tertiary hospitals during the 2-month duration. Total respondents to the questionaires were 225 (6 staffs, 131 nurses, and 88 residents). Verbal insults and threats were the most common form of violence. Almost all of the violence was due to the male gender, and 74.5% of violence was done by patient's guardians. More than half of those responsible for the violence were in an alcohol-drunken state. The causes of violence were long waiting time and poor patient-practitioner relationship and were not related with the severity of disease. CONCLUSION: If violence in the emergency department is to be managed and/or prevented, more administrative and financial efforts, a regular format for documentation of incidents, regular preventive education, and further study, if possible, with the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine are necessary.