Verbal Intelligence and Metacognition among Young Adults

Background: There is only limited evidence supporting the claim that Metacognition is critical for intelligent behavior or for performance of psychometric test of intelligence. It is believed that Metacognition will play an increasing prominent role in theory and research on intellectual abilities and cognitive task performance. According to the mixed model, metacognition is related to intelligence to a certain extent, but it has a surplus value on top of intellectual ability for the predictors of learning. The objective of this study was to examine the significant relationship between the Verbal IQ and Metacognition among young adults. Methodology: The study was conducted on Young Adults, PG students of SDM College, Ujire in the district of Dakshin Kannada. Verbal index of WAIS-IV (David Wechsler) and Metacognition Inventory (Punit Govil) was administered on the participants. Data was analyzed by using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. Results: Findings of the study showed no significant relationship between Verbal intelligence and Metacognition. The smaller sample size could be a factor in the same. Conclusion: Further larger studies in diverse samples are needed to extrapolate the findings of this study and reach any further correlations in this regard

SON-R 6-40: dimensionalidade e validade convergente com a CMMS, TONI-3 e COM / SON-R 6-40: dimensionality and convergent validity with CMMS, TONI-3 and CPM / SON-R 6-40: dimensionalidad y validez convergente con CMMS, TONI-3 y CPM

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura fatorial do teste não verbal de inteligência SON-R 6-40 e obter evidências de validade convergente deste com outros três instrumentos não verbais de inteligência: Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia e TONI-3. Participaram do estudo 150 crianças de escolas públicas e privadas do Distrito Federal com idades entre 6 e 9 anos (M = 7,7; DP = 1,0). As análises fatoriais exploratórias indicaram uma estrutura com dois fatores para o SON-R 6-40 e uma estrutura unifatorial para os outros testes. Os dois fatores apresentaram uma correlação de 0,64 que explicam 68,3% da variância comum. Os coeficientes de correlação entre o SON-R 6-40 e os demais instrumentos variaram entre 0,62 e 0,73, com valor médio de 0,69. Os resultados indicam evidências adequadas da validade convergente do SON-R 6-40 com outros três testes não verbais de inteligência frequentemente utilizados no Brasil. (AU)

The aim of the study was to assess the factor structure of the non-verbal intelligence test SON-R 6-40 and obtain evidence of its convergent validity with three other non-verbal intelligence tests: Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and TONI- 3. Study participants were 150 children aged 6 to 9 years (M=7.7, SD=1.0) from public and private schools of the Federal District. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure for the SON-R 6-40 and a unidimensional structure for the three other tests. The two factors showed a correlation of .64 and together explained 68.3% of the common variance. The correlation coefficients between the SON-R 6-40 and the other instruments ranged between .62 and .73, with a mean value of .69. The results provide evidence of adequate convergent validity for the SON-R 6-40 with three other non-verbal intelligence tests frequently used in Brazil. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la estructura factorial del test de inteligencia no verbal SON-R 6-40 y obtener evidencias de su validez convergente con otros tres instrumentos de inteligencia no verbal: el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Color de Raven, la Escala de Madurez Mental de Columbia y el TONI-3. En el estudio participaron 150 niños de 6 a 9 años de escuelas públicas y privadas del Distrito Federal (M = 7.7, DS = 1.0). El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una estructura de dos factores para el SON-R 6-40, y una estructura unifactorial para los otros tres tests. La correlación entre los dos factores fue de 0,64 y, lo que explica el 68.3% de la varianza común. Los coeficientes de correlación entre el SON-R 6-40 y los otros instrumentos fluctuaron entre 0,62 y 0,73 con una media de 0,69. Los resultados muestran evidencias adecuadas de la validez convergente del test SON-R 6-40 con los otros tres tests de inteligencia no verbal de uso frecuente en Brasil. (AU)

So, morphological awareness contributes to reading in brazilian portuguese? / Então, a consciência morfológica contribui para a leitura no português Brasileiro? / Entonces, ¿la conciencia morfológica contribuye para la lectura en el portugués brasileño?

The present study aims to answer a recently raised controversy regarding the role that morphological awareness has to reading skills acquisition in Brazilian Portuguese. The aim was to investigate whether morphological awareness contributes to reading after controlling for non-verbal intelligence and phonological awareness in Brazilian Portuguese variables. The study included 52 elementary school students enrolled in a public school in the municipality of São Gonçalo, state of Rio de Janeiro. The hierarchical regression analyses showed that derivational morphological awareness contributes to reading independently of phonological processing and non-verbal ability. The results of this study indicate that morphological awareness contributes to reading words but not to reading comprehension. The results of this study corroborate with the hypothesis that even in an alphabetic language, such as Portuguese, morphological awareness is important to reading acquisition.

O presente estudo tenta responder uma controvérsia levantada recentemente na literatura a respeito do papel que a contribuição da consciência morfológica exerce na aquisição da leitura no português do Brasil. Investigou se a consciência morfológica contribui para a leitura, após controlar as variáveis inteligência não verbal e consciência fonológica no português brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 52 alunos matriculados no 4º e 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública do município de São Gonçalo-RJ. As análises de regressão hierárquica mostraram que o processamento morfológico derivacional contribui para leitura de forma independente do processamento fonológico e da inteligência não verbal no caso da precisão de leitura, mas não na compreensão de textos. Os resultados deste estudo sustentam a hipótese de que a consciência morfológica é uma habilidade metalinguística importante, mesmo numa língua alfabética como o português do Brasil.

Este estudio busca responder a una controversia recientemente levantada en la literatura, sobre el papel que la contribución de la conciencia morfológica ejerce en la adquisición de la lectura en el portugués de Brasil. Se investigó si la conciencia morfológica contribuye para la lectura, después de controlar las variables inteligencia no verbal y conciencia fonológica en el portugués de Brasil. Participaron 52 alumnos matriculados en 4º y 5º grado de la Enseñanza Primaria de una escuela pública del municipio de São Gonçalo-RJ. Los análisis de regresión jerárquica mostraron que el proceso morfológico derivacional contribuye hacia la lectura, independientemente del procesamiento fonológico y de la inteligencia no verbal, en el caso de la precisión lectora, pero no, en el de la comprensión de textos. Los resultados de este estudio apoyan la hipótesis de que la conciencia morfológica es una habilidad metalingüística importante, incluso en el caso de una lengua alfabética como es el caso del portugués de Brasil.

Study of intelligence quotient and influencing factors on the children with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizure / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the intelligence quotient(IQ) profile of the children with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and the factors influencing IQ of them.MethodsAll 28 children with GTCS were selected who were aged 9 ～ 16 years in 20 GTCS families in a mountain area of the south of Anhui Province,all available healthy siblings of the children included in the epilepsy group,did not have epilepsy,and were nearest in age to the children with GTCS ( control group 1 ),and thirty children aged 9 ～ 16 years old who had lived in the same village ( control group 2) entered into our study.The IQ was studied of the three groups of children and the factors influencing IQ of children with GTCS at the same time.The data were input SPSS12.0 and analyzed.ResultsThe IQ of children with GTCS(85.64 ±20.57)was lower than that control group 1( 103.39 ± 11.17)and the control group 2 ( 106.17 ± 11.67).The difference between children with GTCS and the two control groups were significant for almost all the subtest quotients except completion of drawing and picture arrangement.No significant differences were found between the control group 1 and the control group 2 on the IQ and the subtest quotients.IQ scores of children with GTCS showed significant linear correlation with father's education( r=0.453,P＜0.01 ),age at onset of epilepsy( r=0.506,P＜0.01 ),duration of seizure disorder( r=-0.533,P＜0.0l ),status epilepticus( r=-0.732,P＜0.01),total number of seizures( r=-0.761,P＜0.01) and seizure frequency ( r=-0.708,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are lower significantly than general children population.Epilepsy-related variables affecting IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are duration of seizure disorder,status epilepticus,age at onset of epilepsy,total number of seizures,seizure frequency.

Validez convergente y discriminante del Inventario de Cociente Emocional (EQ-i) / Convergent and discriminant validaty of Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i)

Desde la aparición del constructo de inteligencia emocional (Salovey & Mayer, 1990) el campo de las habilidades emocionales se ha ido ampliando notablemente, debido a la aparición de diferentes conceptualizaciones, teorías e instrumentos de medición. Los desarrollos actuales se han centrado en el estudio de la validez de las pruebas utilizadas para medir la inteligencia emocional. El objetivo de la investigación que se informa fue estudiar la validez convergente y discriminante del Inventario de Cociente Emocional (EQ-i) de Bar-On (1997a, 1997b) en una muestra argentina de 100 personas adultas. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: el EQ-i, el Inventario Revisado de Personalidad NEO (NEO PI-R) de Costa y McCrae (1992) y la Prueba de Inteligencia o de Razonamiento Verbal (RV) de Bennett, Seashore y Wesman (1992). Para analizar los datos se realizaron correlaciones entre el EQ-i, el NEO PI-R y RV y regresiones múltiples por pasos sucesivos entre los factores de personalidad del NEO PI-R y las escalas de inteligencia emocional del EQ-i. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron correlaciones muy bajas entre el EQ-i e inteligencia verbal (RV) (r = .07 a .27); en cambio se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el EQ-i y los factores de la personalidad, especialmente entre el factor neuroticismo y el EQ-i (r = -.66 a - .72). Asimismo, se observó que los cinco factores del NEO PI-R predicen significativamente al EQ-i, siendo el factor Neuroticismo el que más contribuye en la predicción del EQ-i. De acuerdo a la muestra estudiada se concluye que el EQ-i mide atributos que tienden a solaparse con los rasgos de personalidad.

In the last few years, the emotional intelligence construct, defined by Salovey and Mayer (1990) as a domain of abilities specifically linked to the perception and utilization of emotions, has been the main core of different researches which have made an effort to measure and study this construct, yet there is no consensus regarding its definition and model. Integrating the theories existing up to this moment, Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso (2000) suggested that it is possible to distinguish between models based on ability (Mayer, Di Paolo & Salovey, 1990; Mayer & Salovey, 1997), and models based on features or mixed models (Goleman, 1996, 1999; Bar-On, 1997a, 1997b). Models founded on ability are based in the original conceptualization of emotional intelligence as defined by Salovey and Mayer (1990), which is characterized as a set of the abilities to perceive, understand and regulate emotions, and which are evaluated by means of tasks or tests of performance. On the other hand, mixed models, or based on features of emotional intelligence, are those which consider that abilities are associated to the processing and the use of emotions, combining those abilities with a wide variety of personality aspects, and which are evaluated by means of self-report measures. Bearing in mind that the approach used when measuring emotional intelligence could influence the validity of the construct, the latest developments have been focused in the study of psychometric properties of the tests. Specifically, most of the current research on this topic is centered in the study of what the test measures, in the most adequate methods used to measure emotional intelligence and whether the tests may be differentiated from other tests that measure abilities and personality aspects (Brackett & Mayer, 2003; Chapman & Hayslip, 2005; Palmer, 2003). Taking into account previous research which took place in other countries, the objective of this paper was to study the convergent and discriminant validity of an emotional intelligence self-report test, the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), which is based in Bar-On's mixed or feature model (1997a; 1997b), in an Argentinean sample of 100 adults between 25 and 50 years old of both sexes. Tests administered were EQ-i, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) by Costa and McCrae (1992), and the Test of Verbal Intelligence or Reasoning (RV) by Bennet, Seashore and Wesman (1992). Correlations among EQ-i, NEO PI-R and RV and multiple stepwise regressions between NEO PI-R personality factors and EQ-i emotional intelligence scales were carried out in order to study the convergent and discriminant validity of the test. The results obtained showed very low correlations between EQ-i and verbal intelligence (r = .07 to .27). On the contrary, significant correlations were observed between EQ-i and personality factors, especially between the neuroticism factor and EQ-i (r = -.66 to -.72). Likewise, results showed that the five NEO PI-R factors contributed significantly to the prediction of EQ-i, being neuroticism the factor which contributed the most in the prediction of EQ-i. According to the results observed in the sample studied, we can conclude that the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) measures personality related attributes more likely than intelligence related attributes. The results attained in this study provide further support on the matter that EQ-i is not easily distinguished from the NEO PI-R. Indeed, they are similar to the findings of other studies which have taken place in different countries regarding the validity of the emotional intelligence construct.

Study on the intelligence quotient characteristics of mild iodine deficiency disorders children and sociocultural condition abnormal children / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the intelligence standard for diagnose the sub-cretin children and children with mental retardation of socio-cultural type.Methods The full intelligence quotient(IQ),verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ)and performance intelligence quotient(PIQ)was tested by Wechsler scale(C-WISC)for mild iodine deficiency disordem children,children living in abnormal socio-cultural condition and normal children aged 7～14 years old in Qinba mountain area.The test results had been compared between the groups.Results There were no significant difference between psychomotor functioning well children and children living normal sociocuhural condition in VIQ,PIQ and full IQ(89.24±18.44 vs 90.75±17.58,87.58±15.78 vs 88.95±15.56,87.42±17.84 vs 89.02±17.18,t=1.14,1.19 and 1.24,respectively,all P＞O.05).PIQ and full IQ were significantly lower in mild iodine deficiency disorders children than in children with abnormal socio-cultural background (65.81±10.22 vs 72.33±13.23,62.42±12.31 vs 68.13±14.54,t=3.26,2.55,P＜0.01 or＜0.05,respectively).But the VIQ was not significantly different between these two groups.The average difference of VIQ and PIQ among mild iodine deficiency disorders children wag-0.32 without significant difierence(t=0.28,P＞0.05),however it was-2.91 among children under abnormal socio-cultural condition with significant difierenee(t=-3.59,P＜0.01).Conclusions IQ for iodine deficiency disorders children is characterized by that VIQ is damaged in parallel with PIQ,while that in children under abnormal soeio-cuhural condition is marked by that VIQ is retarded more severely than PIQ,which ean be used as an intelligence standard for differentiating the sub-cretin children from children wjth socio-cuhural mental retardation.

Effect of Speech Therapy on the Intelligence of Children with Developmental Retardation of Speech / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of speech therapy on the intelligence of children with developmental retardation of speech.Methods 20 cases of children with developmental retardation of speech were evaluated and individual language training program was made,especially trainings of abstract thought,logical thought and development of cognition ability of attention.All of the training contents were combined and make into play form.The training prolonged for 1～3 courses.Intelligence test and test of the level of language development were performed before and after the training.Results After training,10 children(50%) reached the general level,the total efficiency was 100%.Conclusion The multidisciplinary language training can improve intelligence,level of language development of children with developmental retardation of speech.