ABSTRACT
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the larvicidal activity of lyophilized methanolic extracts, hydro-methanolic extracts and aqueous extracts of Vernonia cinerea Less against the 3rd and 4th instars larvae of Anopheles gambiae. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre MURAZ /Research Institute for Health; Ministry of Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, between February 2017 and January 2018. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso, between March 2017 and January 2018. Methodology: The whole plant material was collected in Banfora, located at West of Burkina Faso. The 80% methanolic, 50/50% hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were obtained by using the classical natural product extraction method of the laboratory. Extracts were lyophilized and a series of concentrations of the extracts ranging from 0.001 – 100 mg/L were prepared. The larvicidal activity of lyophilized extracts has been tested against the 3rd and 4thAnopheles gambiae larvae. The larval mortality was evaluated after 24 hours and 48 hours of exposure. The percent of means of mortality was calculated. Lethal Concentration LC50 and LC90 values were determined. Results: In the laboratory, the results of methanolic extract at 100 mg/L achieved (100%) mortality against Anopheles gambiae after 24 hours of exposure.The same extract at 10 mg/L generated (95.85±1.26%) of mortality outside the laboratory. The 80% methanolic extract showed Lethal Concentration LC50 of 11.07 mg/L and Lethal Concentration LC90 of 81.38 mg/L (after 24 hours). The 50/50% hydro-methanolic extracts achieved Lethal Concentration LC50 of 22.27 mg/L against 3417.78 mg/L respectively inside and outside of the laboratory. Conclusion: The methanolic extract is the most effective in killing on the larvae compared to the other extracts tested. Vernonia cinerea Less possesses larvicidal activity against Anopheles gambiae larvae. It may be a possible source of mosquito vector control. This study provided promising finding for using crude extracts of Vernonia cinerea Less in controlling larvae of malaria vectors.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of the current study was to undertake phytochemical screenings and evaluate antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of whole plant of Vernonia cinerea Less. (VCME). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for one year in 2012 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Methodology: For preliminary phytochemical screenings, the crude methanol extract of V. cinerea was subjected to various tests to determine the chemical nature of the extract. Antipyretic activity was assessed by the yeast-induced hyperthermia in mice. The analgesic property was evaluated by formalin-induced writhing test. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was used as standard in in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity test. Results: Results of the preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids in the extract. In yeast-induced pyrexia, the crude extract demonstrated a significant (p=0.05) reduction of mices’ body temperature after elevation by the administration of yeast. These effects were pronounced at the 2nd and 3rd h post-treatment with the extract. VCME exhibited a dose dependent activity in analgesic activity test with 32.61% and 52.17% protection at the dose of 200 and 400mg/kg, respectively as compared to that 76.09% exhibited by standard diclofenac sodium. In the anti-inflammatory test, the crude extract at the dose of 400μg/ml showed 65.12% inhibition of protein denaturation whereas standard acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) revealed 76.74% inhibition. Conclusion: These results revealed that V. cinerea may be used in pharmaceutical applications because of its effective pharmacological properties.
ABSTRACT
Use of different agonists and antagonists for elucidating the mechanism of aqueous extract of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. on duodenal smooth muscle of female albino rat suggested the presence of an active ingredient in plant having spasmogenic response that has neurogenic mechanism on rat duodenal smooth muscle. The responses of extract were dose dependent and fully reversible on wash. The findings suggested that the extract responses mediate through agonistic action without blockade of any receptor enzyme. Extract possibly stimulates presynaptic cholinergic nerve endings to produce spasmodic response in rat duodenal smooth muscle.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-choline esterase activity of the stem, barks and leaves of the plant V. cinerea. The stems, barks and the leaves of the plant V.Cineria was sun dried and extracted using methanol. The anti-oxidant activity of the crude methanolic extract was measured by the DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The crude methanolic extract showed significant anti-oxidant activity by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. Evaluation of ChEs enzyme activity of the crude methanolic extract was done by Ellman method. The methanolic extract of V. cinerea leaves exerted significant AChE and BChE inhibitory effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the pharmacological action of Vernonia Cinerea(L) Less. Methods: The bacteriostatic test in vitro and the evaluation of effect of Vernonia Cinerea(L) Less. on the propellent function of small intestine of mice, etc were carried out. Results: Vernonia Cinerea(L) Less. prossesses the inhibition on Bacillus coli with lapactic action in vitro, but has the drug resistance to Bacillus dysenteriae and Bacillus coli It can also improve the propellent function of small intestine nomral mice. Conclusions: Vernonia Cinerea(L) Less. is effective for acute gastroenteritis and indigestion clinically.