Study on ecological environment and accompanying plants' community characteristics study of wild Panax japonicus in Enshi / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed to study the distribution, population density, soil conditions and community characteristics of accompanying plants' in Enshi sub-regional different areas, with a typical habitats investigation method. The results showed that the wild Panax japonicus mainly distributed in moist places under the forests, by streams, or secondary forests of high grass, within east longitude 29°-30°, north latitude 108°-110°and about 1 000-15 00 meters above sea level. The soils were mainly tide soil and humus with yellow-brown soil, yellow soil and red soil, and the humus thickness was5-30 centimeter, pH 6.0-6.8, the moisture content of 16.8%-24.2%, soil bulk density of 1.39-2.12. Its geographical vegetation types were mainly evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen-deciduous mixture broad leaved forest and evergreen coniferous forest mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest, including three levels community structure of arbors, shrubs and herbaceous; Its accompanying plants reached 86 families, 118 genera, 134 species of seed plants, the arbors included 15 families, 21 genera, 26 species and the dominant species community mainly Pinaceae such as Pinus massoniana, P. tabuliformis, P. henryi and Taxodiaceae such as Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria fortunei etc. The shrubs included 39 families, 54 genera, 62 species with the dominant species such as Camellia oleifera, Kalopanax septemlobus, Akebia trifoliata, Trachycarpusfortunei, Rhamnus globosa, Smilax corbularia and so on. The herbaceous included 32 families, 43 genera, 46 species, and Ferns such as the black-footed Dryopteris, Dryopteris crassirhizom, Coniogramme affinis, Polystichum tripteron, Adiantum pedatum, Lunathyrium acrostichoides, Woodsia ilvensis and Woodwardia japonica were dominant species. The cover layer covered a large number of lichens and mosses. The wild P. japonicus can be found among the P. massoniana, P. tabuliformis, P. henryi, lichens and mosses. These may indicate that the wild P. japonicusin Enshi requires higher demands on the ecological environment, its accompanying plants are mainly the tree layer-shrub layer-herb layer, and vertical structure is obvious. The study provides a basis for domestication and conservation of P. japonicus resources.

Estructura y diversidad de la vegetación del Parque Nacional Natural de la Isla Gorgona, Colombia / Structure and diversity of the vegetation of the Gorgona Island National Natural Park, Colombia

Gorgona is a continental island in the Pacific of Colombia. We studied the structure and diversity of its vegetation with 16 Gentry transects (total area 0.16ha) in nine sites on the island. With these data, we calculate Importance Value Index (IVI), distribution of individuals according to their height and diameter at breast height (DBH), cumulative species curves, and species diversity. The vegetation is mainly secondary forest, with remnants of primary forest on the hills. By density, frequency, and coverage, the most important family is Rubiaceae, with 0.275 IVF. The species with the highest IVI (0.157) is Lacistema aggregatum (Lacistemataceae). In height and diameter classes (DBH), individuals have an inverted “J” distribution. The plant community has a Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 3.98. The cumulative species curve of the plant community does not level off even after more than ten transects. Transects were grouped in the similarity analysis but not strongly. There were species richness differences among transects. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 13-26. Epub 2014 February 01.

En este trabajo, se estudió la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación en isla Gorgona, a través de 16 transectos de Gentry (área total de 0.16ha), distribuidos en nueve sitios de la isla. Se calculó el índice de Valor de Importancia para la especie y la familia (IVI e IVF respectivamente), la distribución de los individuos en función de su altura y diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP ), las curvas de especies acumuladas , y la diversidad de especies. La vegetación de isla Gorgona estuvo conformada principalmente por bosque secundario, con restos de bosque primario en las partes altas de los cerros. De acuerdo con la densidad, la frecuencia, y la cobertura, la familia más importante fue Rubiaceae (IVF=0.275), mientras que la especie con el IVI más alto fue Lacistema aggregatum (Lacistemataceae, IVI=0.157). De acuerdo con la altura y clases de diámetro (DAP), la distribución de los individuos describió una forma de “J” invertida, con un valor de diversidad (H’) calculado de 3.98. Incluso después de más de diez transectos de muestreo, la curva de acumulación de especies no se niveló. Con base en el análisis de similitud, se estableció que los transectos estuvieron agrupados en zonas, de las cuales cuatro tuvieron un soporte estadístico, siendo incluso la riqueza de especies diferente entre los transectos.

Composição florística e estrutura da comunidade arbórea na transição da Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas - Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana do Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, sudeste do Brasil / Floristic composition and structure of tree community on the transition Lowland - Lowermontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest in Núcleo Picinguaba/Serra do Mar State Park, Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil

We conducted floristic and structural surveys on arboreous component (circumference at breast high > 15 cm) in 1 ha plot (100 sub-plots of 10 × 10 m) located in a stretch of Atlantic Ombrophilous Dense Forest Lowland-Lower montane transition, in Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, São Paulo State. The regenerating layer (H > 1.5 m and circumference at breast height < 15 cm) was sampled in 0.4 ha (40 sub-plots of 10 × 10 m) within the plot. The richness and diversity were 156 species and H' = 4.00 for the arboreous component in 1 ha, 173 and H' = 4.25 for arboreous (113 species) and regenerating (134 species) layers together in 0.4 ha, and 192 species considering the whole sample. The most abundant species in the tree layer were Euterpe edulis, with 191 individuals (14.8 percent), Mollinedia schottiana (5.1 percent), Rustia formosa (4.8 percent), Chrysoplhyllum flexuosum (4.7 percent), Coussarea meridionalis var. porophylla (4.7 percent) and Guapira opposita (4.4 percent). These species were also among the most abundant in the regenerating layer. The richest families were Myrtaceae (32 spp.), Rubiaceae (15), Fabaceae (13), Sapotaceae (10), Moraceae (eight), Euphorbiaceae (seven) and Lauraceae (six). Tree species richness varied positively with density along the vertical structure of vegetation, being higher in lower high classes, where the density is much larger. On the other hand, the evenness in these classes was lower, increasing toward the upper classes, where trees are not concentrated in few species.

Realizamos o levantamento florístico e estrutural do componente arbóreo (PAP > 15 cm) em uma parcela de 1 ha (100 sub-parcelas de 10 × 10 m) localizada em um trecho da transição Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica das Terras Baixas-Submontana, no Núcleo Picinguaba/PESM, Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo. O estrato regenerante (H > 1,5 m e PAP < 15 cm) foi amostrado em 0,4 ha (40 sub-parcelas 10 × 10 m) dentro da parcela. A riqueza florística e a diversidade foram de 156 espécies e H' = 4,00 para o componente arbóreo em 1 ha, 173 e H' = 4,25 para os estratos arbóreo (113 espécies) e regenerante (134) em 0,4 ha e 192 espécies considerando toda a amostragem. As espécies mais abundantes no estrato arbóreo foram Euterpe edulis, com 191 indivíduos (14,8 por cento), Mollinedia schottiana (5,1 por cento), Rustia formosa (4,8 por cento), Chrysoplhyllum flexuosum (4,7 por cento), Coussarea meridionalis var. porophylla (4,7 por cento) e Guapira opposita (4,4 por cento). Estas espécies estiveram entre as mais abundantes também no estrato regenerante. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Myrtaceae (32 spp.), Rubiaceae (15), Fabaceae (13), Sapotaceae (10), Moraceae (oito), Euphorbiaceae (sete) e Lauraceae (seis). A riqueza de espécies arbóreas variou positivamente com a densidade ao longo do gradiente vertical estrutural da vegetação, sendo maior nas classes mais baixas de altura, onde a densidade é expressivamente maior. Por outro lado, nestas classes a equabilidade é mais baixa, aumentando em direção às classes superiores, onde as árvores não estão concentradas em poucas espécies.

Choice of data base structure for clinical trail / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

The goal of this work is to understand the difference between vertical structure and horizontal structure on data management. We take adverse event report as an example to find out the relationship between the storage space and the factors related to the trail. From the study we find out the difference of storage space between horizontal structure and vertical structure goes up with the increase of the storage space of each adverse event record and the number of adverse event allowed to record in the horizontal structure and goes down with the increase of the happening rate and the average times of the adverse event. When using the most widely used study design, vertical structure always takes less storage space than the horizontal structure. This vertical structure database is more suitable for the data management than the horizontal structure database.