ABSTRACT
O consumo de medicamentos está entre as principais causas de desenvolvimento do câncer. Faz-se, então, necessário investigar os efeitos de drogas amplamente consumidas no mundo, como é o caso do Viagra® (Citrato de Sildenafila - CS). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito modulador do CS na carcinogênese induzida pela Doxorrubicina (DXR), por meio do Teste para Detecção de Clones de Tumores Epiteliais em Drosophila melanogaster. Foram utilizadas duas linhagens mutantes do organismo teste (wts e mwh) no intuito de obter larvas heterozigotas wts +/+ mwh, que foram tratadas com três concentrações de CS: 10 mM, 20 mM e 40 mM, isoladamente e em associação com a DXR. Constatou-se que o CS não exerceu efeito carcinogênico nas concentrações isoladamente avaliadas. Quando em associação com a DXR, propiciou efeito redutor sobre as frequências dos tumores induzidos por ela, conferindo papel anticarcinogênico ao CS. Acredita-se que este efeito seja devido a uma supra-regulação da via de apoptose dependente de caspase e ao impedimento do crescimento celular promovido pelo fármaco utilizado. As evidências obtidas comprovam o efeito protetor tumoral atribuído ao Viagra® nas condições experimentais propostas.(AU)
Drug consumption is among the leading causes of cancer development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of drugs widely consumed in the world, as the case of Viagra® (Sildenafil Citrate - SC). The objective of the study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of SC on the carcinogenicity induced by Doxorubicin (DXR) by the Test for Detection of Epithelial Tumor Clones in Drosophila melanogaster. Two mutant lines (wts and mwh) were used in order to obtain heterozygous wts+/+mwh larvae, which were treated with three concentrations of CS: 10 mM, 20 mM and 40 mM, alone and in combination with doxorubicin. We verified that SC had no carcinogenic effect at the concentrations evaluated alone. In association with DXR, it was provided a reduced effect of tumor-induced, conferring anticarcinogenic role to SC. It is believed that this effect is due to up-regulation of the caspase-dependent apoptosis and the impediment of cell growth promoted by the drug used. Evidence obtained confirms the tumor protective effect attributed to Viagra® under experimental conditions. (AU)
Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents , Doxorubicin , Drosophila melanogaster , Neoplasms , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
Viagra has been prescribed worldwide to treat men with erectile dysfunction. Clinical trials have shown that Viagra may cause various kinds of adverse effects include some central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects. Although extremely rare, toxic encephalopathy also can be one of those effects. This report presents a case of encephalopathy caused by Viagra in correlation with its radiologic findings. Its pharmacologic mechanism and potential effects on the biochemistry of the CNS are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Biochemistry , Brain Diseases , Central Nervous System , Erectile Dysfunction , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
El presente artículo pone en discusión el consumo de pastillas para crear erecciones a través de medicamentos como Viagra y otros similares, principalmente entre hombres jóvenes de Costa Rica. Aunque no existen cifras contundentes de cuántos varones hacen uso recreacional de este tipo de fármaco, la temática sigue siendo poco explorada en América Latina. Se toma como marco de referencia la teoría foucaltiana y se analizan entrevistas realizadas a hombres consumidores de estas pastillas, así como extractos de comentarios sobre las angustias eréctiles masculinas escritos en un blog. Surge del análisis la idea de que en la actualidad, el pene es representado como un trabajador potencialmente cansado y enfermo, necesitado de ayudas externas para poder "laborar" adecuadamente. Los discursos que se presentan por medio de casas farmacéuticas así como de hombres de diferentes edades, muestran al llamado miembro viril como una parte del cuerpo que necesita asistencias y que obtiene modelos para actuar a través de la pornografía, los video-juegos y/o las caricaturas...
O presente artigo coloca em discussão o consumo de pílulas para criar ereções através de medicamentos como o Viagra e outros parecidos, principalmente em homens jovens da Costa Rica. Embora não existam números contundentes de quantos homens fazem uso recreativo deste tipo de fármaco, esta temática continua sendo pouco explorada na América Latina. Toma-se como marco de referência a teoria foucaultiana, e se analisam entrevistas realizadas com homens consumidores destas pílulas assim como trechos de comentários sobre as angústias eréteis masculinas escritos em um blog. Depreende-se da análise a ideia de que hoje em dia o pênis é representado como um trabalhador potencialmente cansado e doente, necessitado de ajudas externas para poder "trabalhar" adequadamente. Os discursos que se apresentam através de farmácias assim como de homens de diferentes idades mostram o chamado membro viril como uma parte do corpo que necessita de assistências e que obtém modelos para atuar através da pornografia, dos vídeos-jogos e/ou das caricaturas...
This article addresses the use of drugs like Viagra and others of the kind to produce erections, mainly among young men from Costa Rica. Although there is no hard data on how many men make recreational use of these drugs, this issue remains largely unexplored in Latin America. This article takes Foucauldian theory as its framework to analyse interviews with male consumers of these pills, and extracts of comments written on a blog about male erectile anxieties. From the analysis emerges the idea that, today, the penis is represented as a potentially tired and sick worker, needing outside help to "labor" properly. Discourses presented by pharmaceutical companies as well, as men of different ages, show the so-called 'virile member' as a part of the body that needs assistance and that gets its action models from pornography, video games, or cartoons...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Behavior , Men , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Sexuality , Costa Rica/ethnologyABSTRACT
The introduction of generics drugs has brought the need for more control of their quality and purity. In Italy from June 23, 2013 the Pfizer® has no longer the patent for the Viagra’s production and other industries produce equivalent products containing Sildenafil citrate. Study design: Thus, in this work, the chemical profiles of both Viagra Italian Pfizer® and 3 Italian commercial Sildenafil citrate tables (generic pharmaceutical manufacturers) for male erectile dysfunction were obtained by using UltraPerformanceLiquid Chromatography (UPLC). Methodology: UPLC methodology was successfully used for the assay of Sildenafil citrate in different products in Italy which are under the cover of alternative systems of medicine. Results: The results show that: i) the chromatographic profiles obtained from Italian Sildenafil citrate tablets are identical and not present other active pharmaceutical ingredients; ii) the commercial samples have a quantity of Sildenafil citrate comparable with the corresponding labelled amounts. Conclusion: The UPLC method can be used for determination of Sildenafil citrate tables marketed by generic pharmaceutical manufacturers in Italy.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Sildenafil citrate was developed to treat angina, but was found to also inhibit PDE in the corpus callosum and is now widely used to treat impotence. We report a case of enlargement of the inferior rectus muscle after sildenafil citrate ingestion. CASE SUMMARY: A 58-year-old male presented with binocular diplopia which started 2 weeks prior. He had no underlying disease. The patient had taken sildenafil citrate on 3 different occasions 2 weeks prior, and 2 days after his first ingestion, his right conjunctiva was injected and binocular diplopia started. On the first visit, he showed 16 PD hypotropia of the right eye with limitation of motion at upgaze. The MRI scan showed enlargement and enhancement of the inferior rectus muscle, and 50 mg of prednisone was prescribed. The amount of hypotropia decreased to 8 PD 2 weeks later. CONCLUSIONS: Enlargement of extraocular muscle caused by sildenafil citrate ingestion has not been reported in Korea, and related mechanisms are yet to be researched. Additional case reports and research are necessary in the future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Citric Acid , Conjunctiva , Corpus Callosum , Diplopia , Eating , Erectile Dysfunction , Eye , Korea , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Muscles , Myositis , Piperazines , Prednisone , Purines , Strabismus , Sulfones , Telescopes , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
The profile of tablets containing an active pharmacological ingredient can be obtained using different sets of properties, including physical and chemical aspects. The first measurements carried out on tablets are the physical characteristics also called post-tabletting batch (post-TB) characteristics. These data may be valuable to assist in the detection of pharmaceutical product forgery and may also be used in a forensic intelligence perspective when inserted into databases. This work is focused on the physical characteristics of Cialis® and Viagra® tablets seized by the Brazilian Federal Police in the Rio Grande do Sul state. Using the F-test (ANOVA), all samples of counterfeit Viagra® (n = 28) and Cialis® (n = 40) were well distinguished from authentic samples by the following post-TB characteristics: length (major and minor), thickness, and mass. Using the exploratory statistical technique of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), tablets with similar physical profiles were grouped. This result may indicate a common illicit production. We observed the validity of using post-TB properties to generate - in a fast and reliable manner and with no sample preparation - a technological profile that joins itself to the other analytical methods assisting in routine forensic detection of counterfeit Viagra® and Cialis®.
Perfil para medicamentos na forma farmacêutica comprimidos contendo uma substância ativa pode ser obtido usando diferentes conjuntos de propriedades, incluindo aspectos físicos e químicos. As primeiras medições realizadas em comprimidos são de características físicas, também chamadas características pós-compressão. Tais dados podem ser valiosos para auxiliar na detecção de falsificações de medicamentos e ser utilizados em uma perspectiva de inteligência forense, quando inseridos em bancos de dados. Este trabalho está focado nas características físicas dos comprimidos de Cialis® e Viagra® apreendidos pela Polícia Federal no Estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Com o emprego do Teste de Fisher (ANOVA), todas as amostras falsificadas de Viagra® (n = 28) e de Cialis® (n = 40) foram diferenciadas das amostras autênticas pelas seguintes características pós-compressão: comprimento (maior e menor), espessura e massa. Utilizando-se a Análise Hierárquica de Cluster (AHC), os comprimidos com perfis físicos semelhantes foram agrupados, o que pode indicar uma produção ilícita em comum. Observou-se a validade da utilização das características pós-compressão para gerar, de um modo rápido, confiável e sem preparo de amostra, um perfil tecnológico que se una aos demais métodos analíticos utilizados na rotina forense de detecção de falsificações de Cialis® e de Viagra®.
Subject(s)
Counterfeit Drugs/analysis , Sildenafil Citrate/classification , Tadalafil/classification , /classification , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Viagra(sildenafil citrate) is a new oral medication that selectively inhibits phsphodiestarase-5(PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum to facilitate penile erection for the treatment for male impotence. We report a case of retinal hemorrhage associated with Viagra intake. METHOD: A 71-year-old male without known systemic disease visited with suddenly decreased visual acuity of 4 days duration in the Rt. eye. He intermittenly took 2 tablets of Viagra(50 mg) during 2 months and the symptom occurred 2 days after his last taking of Viagra. His corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in the Rt. eye and 1.0 in the Lt. eye. Several ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Fundus exam revealed multiple dot hemorrhage with corresponding block fluorescence in the superior area of macula and superotemporal area of posterior pole. Inferonasal area visual field defect was detected by Goldmann perimetry and ERG finding was decreased maximal scotopic b wave ampitude. Ten weeks later, retinal hemorrhage was almost absorbed, but visual field defect and visual acuity did not improve.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Erectile Dysfunction , Fluorescence , Hemorrhage , Penile Erection , Retinal Hemorrhage , Retinaldehyde , Tablets , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra(R)) on erectile dysfunction following spinal cord injury. METHOD: Seventy nine male patients with erectile dysfunction after spinal cord injury, who were free from contrain dications, received 50 mg of sildenafil. Visual-analogue erection scale (VAES) was used to evaluate the rigidity of penis before and after the medication. In addition, the duration of erection and side effects of sildenafil were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean VAES score showed a statistically significant increase after the medication from 5.6 to 7.5 (p=0.000). The mean duration of erection also increased from 3.4 minutes to 27.1 minutes after medication (p=0.000). Sixty seven patients (84.8%) reported improved erection with 50 mg of sildenafil and sixty one patients (77.2%) reported rigid erection enough for sexual intercourse. Ten patients (12.7%) reported side effects: facial flushing (3), dizziness (2), headache (2), chest pain (2), and palpitation (1). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that sildenafil is an effective medication in treating erectile dysfunction after spinal cord injury.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Chest Pain , Citric Acid , Coitus , Dizziness , Erectile Dysfunction , Flushing , Headache , Penis , Spinal Cord Injuries , Spinal Cord , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
Erectile dysfunction(ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection which is sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. Risk factors for ED include many of the same risk factors for cardiovascular disease: hypertension; lipid abnormalities, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; diabetes; and smoking. Therefore, some patients with ED will have ischemic heart disease. Viagra(R), an oral therapy for ED, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5). The adverse effects of sildenafil include headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, visual disturbance, and cardiovascular complications. A general impression exists that cardiovascular complications of sildenafil occur mainly when the drug is taken concomitantly with nitrate. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who developed an acute myocardial infarction shortly after taking one tablet of sildenafil without sexual activity. The patient had not been using nitrates. Physicians treating patients with chest pain should be aware of the potential consequences of giving nitrates to patients taking sildenafil. We suggest that before initiating therapy, the history of sildenafil ingestion be obtained from patients with suspected myocardial infarction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases , Chest Pain , Cholesterol , Citric Acid , Dyspepsia , Eating , Erectile Dysfunction , Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) , Flushing , Guanosine , Headache , Hypertension , Lipoproteins , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Nitrates , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Smoke , Smoking , Sildenafil CitrateABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the safety/tolerability and the efficacy of sildenafil citrate (Viagra TM) in Filipino patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) of different etiologies and severityMethodology: This is an open-label, multi-center study, with the primary objective of obtaining adverse reactions that may occur with the use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra TM) 25 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg once daily on as per needed basis, in the out-patient clinic setting across the Philippines. As a secondary endpoint, the study evaluates the efficacy of sildenafil citrate (Viagra TM) in the everyday clinical practice of Filipino physicians, using the Patient Global Efficacy Assessment Questions. Safety and toleration were assessed on the follow-up visit using unsolicited and non-leading questioning. All observed and reported events were recorded regardless of a suspected causal relationship to the study drugResults: Within a three year period, a total 3,955 study participants were enrolled in the study. Majority (57.4 percent) of the patients were suffering from organic or mixed type (a combination of both psychogenic and organic) of erectile dysfunction while 39.5 percent were of psychogenic origin. Among the adverse events reported by the patients, headache (4.5 percent), vasodilatation (2.4 percent) and dizziness (1.7 percent), showed the highest proportions. Majority (75.1 percent) reported that these were mild in nature. There were no reported serious adverse events nor were there reported deaths with the use of sildenafil citrate (Viagra TM) during the study. Majority (78.9 percent) reported improvement in their erection after taking the treatment. A fifth (19.8 percent) of the respondents failed to provide information on this item. However, almost all of the patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment representing 91.6 percent of the patientsConclusion: Sildenafil citrate (Viagra TM) is a safe and effective medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of various etiologies in the Filipino population. Almost all of the patients taking sildenafil citrate (Viagra) were satisfied with the treatment. The results of this study reinforce the proven safety and efficacy profile of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) among Filipino patients with erectile dysfunction. (Author)