ABSTRACT
Steroids, including testosterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol and 17β-ethinyl estradiol, are harmful not only to the population dynamics of aquatic life forms but also to public health. In this study, a marine testosterone-degrading bacterium (strain N3) was isolated from Nanao Island in the South China Sea. In addition, the strain could also use 17β-estradiol (E2), 17β-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), estriol (E3) or cholesterol as a sole carbon source. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain N3 was identified as Vibrio sp. Further characterization showed that the strain is aerobic, gram-negative, and mobile and exhibits resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin and spectinomycin. For enhancing its capacity of testosterone degradation, the Plackett-Burman factorial design and the central composite design were used to optimize the culture condition. Under optimal conditions, 92% of testosterone was degraded by Vibrio sp. N3 in 48 h.
Los esferoides-que incluyen la testosterona, la estrona, el 17 β-estradiol, el estriol y el 17 p-etinilestradiol-son nocivos no solo para la población dinámica de las formas de vida acuática, sino también para la salud pública. En este estudio se aisló una bacteria marina degradadora de testosterona de la isla de Nanao, en el Mar del Sur de China, a la que se denominó cepa N3. Se determinó que esta cepa también podría usar 17 β-estradiol (E2), 17 p-etinilestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3) o colesterol como únicas fuentes de carbono. De acuerdo con el análisis de la secuencia del gen 16S rRNA, la cepa N3 se identificó como Vibrio sp. La caracterización adicional mostró que dicha bacteria es un organismo aerobio, gram negativo y móvil, y que presenta resistencia a ampicilina, carbenicilina, penicilina y espectinomicina. Para optimizar la condición de cultivo en relación con su capacidad de degradar la testosterona, se utilizaron el diseño factorial Plackett-Burman y el diseno compuesto central. En condiciones óptimas, el 92% de la testosterona fue degradada por Vibrio sp. N3 en 48 h.
Subject(s)
Testosterone/antagonists & inhibitors , Vibrio/isolation & purification , Vibrio/genetics , Marine Environment/analysis , Sequence Analysis/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To observe and identify the microorganism isolated from diseased and dead Ctenogobius gymnauchen cultured in seawater near the Daya Bay of south China sea.Methods GDLAMI-1210 strain was isolated from the diseased Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).We applied physiological and biochemical characteristics in the bacterial classification.In order to confirm the results,we amplified a 1438 bp sequence of GDLAMI-1210's 16 S rRNA(HM 362434)and compared with other sequence in GenBank,and followed by artificial infection.Results The GDLAMI-1210 strain was Gram-negative and in a shape of short rod with single polar flagellum.The homology analysis and phylogenetic study showed that the 16 S rRNA sequence of GDLAMI-1210 has the highest similarity to Vibrio sp.espec Vibrio vulnificus,showing 99% identity.Conclusions To our knowledge,this is the first report that the causative pathogen,Vibrio sp,leads to the mortality of Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).
ABSTRACT
Aim: To study multiple antimicrobial resistances in Vibrio spp. isolated from river and aquaculture water sources in Imo State Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 157 Vibrio isolates from river and aquaculture water sources were analysed for multiple antimicrobial resistance during a 6 month period. Antimicrobial resistance profile was determined by the Kirby-Bauer technique, while the phenotypic expression of β-lactamase production was performed by the double disk diffusion method. PCR was used to screen isolates for the presence of β-lactamase resistance genes. Results: The isolates from river water expressed high resistance rates (81.3 to 97.8%) to the following antimicrobials: mezlocillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, carbenicillin and ampicillin, while resistance rate to kanamycin was moderate at 40.9%. Resistance rates for the aquaculture water Isolates were also high for the same antibiotics as the river water isolates, while resistance rate to kanamycin was low to moderate at 32.8%. Phenotypic screening of isolates for ESβL production showed the isolates were resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials and the β-lactamase inhibitor of amoxicillin/clavulnic acid combination. Gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed amplification for blaTEM of size 964bp. Conclusion: Results showed the presence of highly resistant Vibrio isolates from the sampled environmental sources. The presence of resistance markers among the isolates in this study infers that they could be agents of transfer of resistance to other bacterial pathogens found in river and aquaculture water.
ABSTRACT
Avaliaram-se 40 amostras de ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorae) servidas in natura em 15 restaurantes da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a fim de investigar a presença de Vibrio spp. As amostras de ostras foram analisadas e submetidas a enriquecimento em água peptonada alcalina adicionada de 1 e 3 por cento de NaCl, incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Em seguida, os cultivos foram semeados em agar tiossulfato citrato bile sacarose e as colônias suspeitas foram submetidas à caracterização bioquímica. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus e Vibrio vulnificus representaram as principais espécies (> 60 por cento) isoladas a partir das ostras in natura.
Forty oyster samples (Crassostrea rhizophorae) served raw in 15 restaurants in the city of Rio de Janeiro were evaluated in order to investigate the presence of Vibrio spp. The oyster samples were analyzed and subjected to enrichment in alkaline peptone water with the addition of 1 and 3 percent NaCl and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Following this, the cultures were seeded onto thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (TCBS) and the suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical characterization. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were the main species (> 60 percent) isolated from raw oysters.