Video indirect ophthalmoscopy using a hand-held video camera.

Fundus photography in adults and cooperative children is possible with a fundus camera or by using a slit lamp-mounted digital camera. Retcam™or a video indirect ophthalmoscope is necessary for fundus imaging in infants and young children under anesthesia. Herein, a technique of converting and using a digital video camera into a video indirect ophthalmoscope for fundus imaging is described. This device will allow anyone with a hand-held video camera to obtain fundus images. Limitations of this technique involve a learning curve and inability to perform scleral depression.

The intraoral video camera: a diagnostic tool in the exam of patient with ncreased oral cancer risk / A vídeo-câmera intraoral como instrumento auxiliar no exame dos pacientes com risco aumentado para câncer bucal

OBJECTIVE: To compare the findings of the clinical examination of the oral cavity with and without theaid of an intraoral video camera (“videoroscopy”) with the purpose of diagnosing epithelial precursorlesions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis) and precancerous conditions (lichen planus).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both forms of examination were performed in 100 patients withincreased risk of oral cancer. All patients were examined without the aid of any enlargement apparatusbefore the intraoral video camera was used. After each of the exams, the presence or absence of epithelialprecursor lesions or lichen planus was recorded. In the event a lesion was found, a digital picture was takena toluidine blue staining test was performed and then a biopsy was done. RESULTS: Of the patients withepithelial precursor lesions or lichen planus, 80% of the lesions had been observed in both of the examinationswhile 7% only had been diagnosed the after the videoroscopy. The results of the histopathological analysisand the toluidine blue staining tests are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: In this study videoroscopy issuggested for use on a regular basis in patients with an increased risk of oral cancer in an attempt to diagnoseearly lesions, select of the best area to be biopsied and during the following up of these lesions.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os achados do exame clínico da boca com e sem auxílio da vídeo-câmeraintrabucal (videoroscopia) com o propósito de diagnosticar lesões epiteliais precursoras(leucoplasia, eritroplasia, eritroleucoplasia e queilite actínica) e condições pré-cancerosas (líquen plano). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os exames foram realizados em 100 pacientes com riscoaumentado para câncer oral. Todos os pacientes foram examinados sem o auxílio de qualqueraparelho de aumento antes que a vídeo-câmera intrabucal fosse usada. Após cada exame, a presençaou ausência de lesões epiteliais precursoras ou líquen plano foram anotadas. Nos casos em quelesões foram diagnosticadas, fotografaram-se as lesões, bem como o teste do azul de toluidina ea biópsia. RESULTADOS: Dos pacientes com lesão epitelial precursora ou líquen plano, 80%das lesões foram observadas em ambos os exames, enquanto 7% foram somente diagnosticadasapós a videoroscopia. Os resultados histopatológicos e dos testes com azul de toluidina foramtambém discutidos. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se a utilização regular da videoroscopia nos pacientescom risco aumentado para o câncer de boca, para auxiliar o diagnóstico de lesões precoces, naseleção da melhor área para a biópsia e acompanhamento dessas lesões.

Usefulness of a Video-Recording System Using Four Video Cameras in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations / 医学教育

We propose a new video system with four cameras aimed in different directions for use in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to 1) minimize the examiner's burden and 2) standardize the examiner's evaluation. The system consists of four charge-coupled device video cameras, several microphones, and a video tape recorder. The OSCE of each student was recorded with four cameras simultaneously aimed in different directions so that the student's performance could be viewed and evaluated at the examiner's convenience. Two trials for this system were undertaken at different times. More than 80% of those participating in the trials thought that this system was useful for examining the basic skills of medical students as part of the OSCE, and more than 70% thought that the system would increase educational efficacy. This system may improve the reliability and efficiency of OSCE.

Video transurethral resection of the prostate

To determine if the use of video in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can decrease the resection time and lessen the complications in the management of men with bladder outlet obstruction Thirty men with mild to moderate symptoms of prostatism underwent TURP. Fifteen had conventional TURP while fifteen had TURP with video monitor. Parameters evaluated included change in hemoglobin and serum sodium, operative time (in minutes), bleeding, extravasations and TUR syndromes The decrease in hemoglobin and serum sodium is greater in conventional TURP compared to video TURP. The mean operative time for conventional TURP was 67 + 19.49 minutes and 57 + 7.30 minutes for video TURP The complications of TURP can be significantly decreased by using video camera and TV monitor as additional equipment in TURP.

Measurements of Lid Movements During Blinking: Video Measurement Technique

Understanding the kinetics of normal blinking is helpful for assessing ptosis, third and seventh cranial nerve palsy. Many different techniques have been used to measure the kinetics of blinking. These techniques require expensive tools and specific clinical environment. And they are invasive and difficult to apply to children because of lack of cooporation. We videotaped the eyelid movements of normal subject using video camera which can be used in uncooperative children and is noninvasive manner. There was no significant difference in the mean velocity and the time of eye closure and opening according to the age and sex(p>0.05). But the greater the levator palpebra function, the faster the mean velocity of eye opening and the faster the mean velocity of eye closure, the lesser the D ratio. We took standard data of eyelid movement of normal subject. Therefore, we may expect the diagnostic value of eyelid movement measurement using video camera in eyelid movement disorders.

Use of LMA as a Conduit of Endotracheal Tube for Difficult Tracheal Intubation with the Aid of Fiberscope Attached to the Video-Camera System: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

The incidence of airway difficulty in the general surgical population varies greatly depending on the degree of airway difficulty. Much of the anesthesia related morbidity attributable to managing a difficult airway comes from an interurruption of gas exchange (hypoxia and hypercarbia) which may cause cardiovascular instability and brain damage. Most airway catastrophes ocurrs when possible difficulty with the airway was not recognized. Although fiberoptic intubation is reliable method in patients with difficult airways, there are many cases of difficulty in visualizing the structure of the larynx with conventional fiberoptic technique due to copious secretion, swelling and hemorrhage in the pharyngeal cavity. Recently, we experienced a success in difficult tracheal intubation with LMA in the 27 year old male patient diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis. We hope that using a #4 LMA as a conduit for 6.0 mm cuffed endotracheal tube with the aid of fiberscope attached to the video camera system would be an alternative method for difficult intubation.