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1.
Ludovica pediátr ; 26(1): 45-50, jul2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, ARGMSAL, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1511038

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de West es una encefalopatía epiléptica caracterizada por espasmos en flexión, hipsarritmia en el electroencefalograma y retraso en el neurodesarrollo. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 11 meses con diagnóstico de Síndrome de West y encefalopatía tóxica secundaria al uso de vigabatrina


West syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy characterized by flexing spasms, hypsarritmia in the electroencephalogram and delayed neurodevelopment. We report an 11-month-old patient with a diagnosis of West syndrome and toxic encephalopathy secondary to the use of vigabatrin


Subject(s)
Spasms, Infantile , Vigabatrin
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392318

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar los riesgos y beneficios del uso de vigabatrina comparada con hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH) para el tratamiento de espasmos infantiles. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda en Epistemonikos. Se extrajeron datos desde las revisiones identificadas. Se realizó un metaanálisis a partir de estudios primarios y se utilizó el método GRADE para la presentación de resultados. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron nueve revisiones sistemáticas. Se observó que el uso de vigabatrina en comparación con ACTH disminuye la resolución de espasmos (RR 0,8, IC 95% 0,65 - 0,98) y podría disminuir la resolución de hipsarritmia (RR 0,71, IC 95% 0,48 - 1,05). No fue posible determinar si el uso de vigabatrina disminuye el riesgo de desarrollar efectos adversos (RR 0,75, IC 95% 0,23 - 2,45) por certeza de evidencia muy baja. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia parece inclinarse a favor del uso de ACTH. Sin embargo debe considerarse la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones para esclarecer su seguridad.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks and benefits of the use of vigabatrin compared to ACTH for the treatment of infantile spasms. METHOD: A search in Epistemonikos was performed. Data were extracted from the identified reviews. A meta-analysis was performed from primary studies and the GRADE method was used to present the results. RESULTS: Nine systematic reviews were identified. Vigabatrin use compared to ACTH was found to decrease resolution of spasms (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.65 - 0.98) and might decrease resolution of hypsarrhythmia (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0 .48 - 1.05). It was not possible to determine whether the use of vigabatrin reduces the risk of developing adverse effects (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.23 - 2.45) due to very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence seems to lean in favor of the use of ACTH. However, the need for new research should be considered to clarify its safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/therapeutic use , Vigabatrin/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , GRADE Approach
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412204

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de West (SW) es un síndrome epiléptico de la infancia temprana. Dentro de los fármacos de primera línea utilizados para su tratamiento se encuentran la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) y Vigabatrina. Estudios sugieren igual efectividad en el uso a largo plazo de ambos para controlar el SW. En Chile, el uso de Vigabatrina ha aumentado dada su mayor disponibilidad, facilidad de uso y menor costo. Se describen 2 casos clínicos presentando complicaciones agudas infrecuentes secundarias a su uso. Ambos pacientes con antecedentes de SW y trisomía 21. Primer caso: Lactante de 11 meses que inicia tratamiento con 100 mg/kg/día de Vigabatrina a los 7 meses, aumentando a 150 mg/kg/día por mala respuesta. Evolucionó con un síndrome extrapiramidal, con alteraciones radiológicas características. Segundo caso: Lactante de 7 meses, que tras iniciar tratamiento con vigabatrina (100 mg/kg/día) desarrolla rash facial sugerente de hipersensibilidad a fármacos antiepilépticos (FAEs), sin compromiso mucoso ni alteraciones sistémicas. Ambas regresan a su basal luego de suspensión o disminución de dosis del medicamento. Destaca la importancia de la monitorización de efectos adversos en el uso de FAEs y atender la aparición de reacciones poco conocidas. Las alteraciones imagenológicas por Vigabatrina son conocidas, no así el síndrome extrapiramidal asociado (primer caso). Por otra parte, las reacciones cutáneas están ampliamente descritas para múltiples FAEs, pero no para Vigabatrina (segundo caso). Dado el uso frecuente de Vigabatrina para tratar SW y otras epilepsias, es fundamental conocer y manejar reacciones adversas poco conocidas como las aquí presentadas. Palabras claves: Síndrome de West, Síndrome de Down, espasmos infantiles, vigabatrina, reacciones adversas, toxicidad, alergia, rash.


West Syndrome is an epileptic syndrome which typically presents in early childhood. In regard to treatment, the first line includes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Vigabatrin. Studies suggest similar response in the long term to both treatments. In Chile, Vigabatrin is being used more frequently as it is more available, of easier administration and lower cost. We present in the following report 2 clinical cases that presented acute infrequent complications secondary to its use in patients with both Down and West Syndrome. First case: 11-month-old infant who was initially treated with 100mg/kg/day of Vigabatrin at 7 months of age and increased to 150mg/kg/day due to lack of response. She evolved with an extrapyramidal syndrome with radiological manifestations. The second case: 7-month old toddler who initiated treatment with 100mg/kg/day of Vigabatrin and developed a facial rash, suggestive of hypersensitivity to antiepileptic drugs, with no mucosal or systemic involvement. Both patients returned to their previous condition shortly after Vigabatrin was decreased or discontinued. We emphasize the importance of the early monitorization of adverse effects in the use of antiepileptic drugs and awareness of less common reactions. Radiological findings associated with the use of Vigabatrin are well known, but not the clinical evolution with symptomatic extrapyramidal symptoms, as in the first case. Allergic reactions to the use of antiepileptic drugs have also been reported to several drugs, but not to Vigabatrin (second case). As Vigabatrin is being used more frequently to treat WS and other epilepsies it is important to know and manage uncommon adverse reactions as the ones presented in this report. Keywords: West Syndrome, Down Syndrome, infantile spasms, vigabatrin, adverse reactions, toxicity, allergy, rash

4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 78(supl.2): 2-5, set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-955006

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de West o espasmos infantiles, es una encefalopatía epiléptica clasificada como epilepsias y síndromes generalizados. Hay múltiples informes de la evolución de síndrome de West a síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut de un 25 hasta 60%, sin reconocerse una causa específica. Se ha comunicado que pueden ser solo una entidad epiléptica dependiente de la edad y que estaría en relación con el grado de inmadurez cerebral. En esta revisión retrospectiva de 130 casos de espasmos infantiles, solo 14 (10.7%) evolucionaron a Lennox-Gastaut. El haber recibido en todos los casos vigabatrina como tratamiento nos hace suponer que la baja incidencia podría estar relacionada con el uso de este fármaco. Dado que la vigabatrina tiene una acción gabaérgica y aumenta los niveles de ACTH podría explicar esta relación, pero esto deberá confirmarse con el mejor conocimiento de los mecanismos íntimos de estas graves encefalopatías.


West syndrome or infantile spasms is an epileptic encephalopathy, classified as generalized epilepsies and syndromes. There are multiple reports of the evolution from West to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of 25 up to 60%, without a specific cause is determined. It has been reported that they may be only an epileptic entity age dependent that it would be in relation to the degree of brain immaturity. In this retrospective review of 130 cases of West syndrome, only 14 (10.7%) evolved to Lennox-Gastaut. Having received in all cases vigabatrin as a treatment, makes us suppose that the low incidence could be related to the use of this drug. Given that vigabatrin has a gabaergic action and increased levels of ACTH, may explain this relationship but this must be confirmed with the best knowledge of the intimate mechanisms of these serious epileptic encephalopathies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Spasms, Infantile/complications , Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/etiology , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Syndrome , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Disease Progression , Vigabatrin/therapeutic use , Electroencephalography , Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/diagnosis , Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/drug therapy , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 78(2): 65-72, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-752354

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Describirlas características clínicas de una serie de pacientes con Síndrome de West(SW) con acceso a la medicación de primera línea. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, de niños con SW que fueron atendidos entre 1996 y2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 37 casos, con una promedio de inicio de espasmos de 6,4 meses, con predominio del sexo masculino (75,7%), la mayoría procedentes de Lima. La etiología más frecuente fue secundaria (83,8%),como prenatales, malformaciones cerebrales, Esclerosis Tuberosa, Síndrome de Down y causas perinatales. El SW fue controlado en 67,6% de los casos; Vigabatrina o ACTH fueron efectivas en 20/32 (62,5%). Dos pacientes fueron controlados con levetiracetam, uno con topiramato, uno con lamotrigina, y uno con cirugía. El patrón electroencefalográfico de hipsarritmia fue predominante 24/37 (64,9%). La comorbilidad neurológica fue muy frecuente (97.3%) y fue degrado leve sólo en 7/37 (18,9%). Dos pacientes fallecieron. Conclusiones: En esta serie el SW fue de causa secundaria y se controló eficientemente con vigabatrina o ACTH, por tanto, se recomienda incluir estos medicamentos en el petitorio nacional.


Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of a seriesof patients with West Syndrome (WS) with access to first line medication. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study of children treated between 1996 and 2014. Results: 37 cases were included, with an average starting age of 6.4 months, predominantly males (75.7%), the majority was from Lima. The most common etiology was secondary (83.8%), as prenatal, brain malformations, Tuberous Sclerosis, Down syndrome and perinatal causes. The WS was controlled in 67.6% of the cases; Vigabatrinand ACTH were effective in 20/32 (62.5%). Two patients were controlled with Levetiracetam, one with Topitamate, one with Lamotrigine and one with surgery. Hypsarrhythmia was the predominant electroencephalographic pattern 23/37 (64.9%). Neurologic comorbidities were very frequent (97.3%) and they were mild only in 7/37 (18.9%). Two patients passed away. Conclusions: In this series, the WS had a secondary cause and was efficiently controlled with Vigabatrin or ACTH, therefore, we recommend their inclusion in the national request.

6.
Arch. Clin. Psychiatry (Impr.) ; 37(1): 36-40, jan. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545760

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO: Tem sido sugerido que durante as crises convulsivas induzidas pela pilocarpina pode ser observado aumento no estresse oxidativo cerebral. Estudos sugerem que compostos com atividade antioxidante podem fornecer certo grau de proteção contra a neurotoxicidade induzida pelas crises convulsivas. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo investigou as ações farmacológicas da vigabatrina nas alterações comportamentais e na atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase (SOD) no corpo estriado de ratos adultos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar adultos (2 meses de idade) foram usados nos experimentos e divididos em quatro grupos. O primeiro foi tratado com solução salina 0,9 por cento (grupo controle). O segundo grupo foi tratado com pilocarpina (400 mg/kg, i.p., grupo P400). O terceiro grupo foi tratado com vigabatrina (500 mg/kg, i.p., grupo VGB) e o quarto grupo foi tratado com vigabatrina (500 mg/kg, i.p.) e 30 minutos depois com pilocarpina (400 mg/kg, i.p., grupo VGB + P400). Os animais que apresentaram crises convulsivas, estado de mal epiléptico e não morreram durante o período de 24 horas de observação foram sacrificados para dissecação do corpo estriado para realização da determinação da atividade da SOD. RESULTADOS: Os estudos comportamentais revelaram que, após administração de pilocarpina, todos os animais apresentaram sinais colinérgicos periféricos, movimentos estereotipados e tremores. No mesmo grupo, foram observados, em 75 por cento dos animais, crises convulsivas e o estado de mal epiléptico. Por sua vez, o pré-tratamento com vigabatrina produziu redução significativa de 50 por cento nas crises convulsivas. Com relação aos estudos neuroquímicos, não foram observadas alterações na atividade da SOD no corpo estriado do grupo P400, em comparação aos valores do grupo controle. No entanto, no grupo VGB + P400 foi visto aumento significativo na atividade da SOD de 34 por cento e 35 por cento, quando comparado aos grupos controle e P400, respectivamente. ...


BACKGROUND: Pilocarpine-induced seizures have been suggested to be mediated by increases in oxidative stress. Current studies have suggested that antioxidant compounds may afford some level of neuroprotection against the neurotoxicity of seizures. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the pharmacological actions of vigabatrin on behavioral changes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in striatum of adult rats. METHODS: Adult rats (2 months old) were used in the experiments and divided into four groups. The first was treated with 0.9 percent saline (control group). The second group was treated with pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., P400 group). The third group received vigabatrin alone (500 mg/kg, i.p., VGB group) and the fourth group was treated with vigabatrin (500 mg/kg, i.p.) and 30 minutes later received pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p., VGB + P400 group). The animals which had seizures and status epilepticus (SE) and did not die within 24 hours of observation were sacrificed to perform the neurochemical studies. RESULTS: Behavioral studies showed that the administration of pilocarpine produces peripheral cholinergic signs, tremors and stereotyped movements in all animals. An amount of 75 percent of those rats developed to seizures and SE. In turn, the pre-treatment with vigabatrin produced a 50 percent reduction in the rate of seizures and SE. Regarding the neurochemical studies, there were no changes in the striatal SOD activity in P400 group as compared to the control group. However, in the VGB + P400 group it was verified significant increases in SOD activity of 34 percent and 35 percent as compared to control and P400 group, respectively. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that behavioral changes occur during seizures, but SOD activity remained unaltered during the acute phase of the convulsive crisis. Our findings suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of vigabatrin may be the result of modulation of this enzyme, in an attempt to protect ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Seizures/chemically induced , Corpus Striatum , Oxidative Stress , Pilocarpine/adverse effects , Superoxide Dismutase/adverse effects , Vigabatrin/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar
7.
Colomb. med ; 39(3,supl): 46-50, jul.-sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-573400

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El incremento en el contenido de GABA cerebral o la administración de un agente GABA-mimético se emplea como un tratamiento antiepiléptico eficaz. Sin embargo, se sugiere que el empleo de farmacos que alteran continuamente la transmisión sinoptica puede afectar al sistema nervioso. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los efectos del pretratamiento agudo (una administración) y subcrónico (administraciones diarias por 7 días) de diazepam (DZP; 10 mg/kg, ip), gabapentina (GBP, 100 mg/kg, vo) y vigabatrina (VGB, 500 mg/kg, vo) en las crisis generalizadas inducidas por pentilenetetrazol (PTZ, 80 mg/kg ip). Materiales y métodos: Ratones macho de la cepa taconic (20-25 g) recibieron tratamiento agudo y subcrónico de DZP, GBP o VGB y 24 h después de la última administración se aplicó PTZ. Se evaluaron las latencias a la primera crisis clónica, a la fase tónica así como la incidencia de muerte. Resultados: El pretratamiento agudo con DZP protegió 100 por ciento a los animales de los efectos del PTZ, mientras que su administración subcrónica redujo la latencia a la crisis clónica (21 por ciento; p<0.05), la fase tónica (27 por ciento, p<0.05) y muerte (37 por ciento, p<0.05). La aplicación aguda de VGB protegió 100 por ciento a los animales de los efectos del PTZ, mientras que su aplicación subcrónica aumentó la latencia a las crisis clónicas (32 por ciento, p<0.05), aunque facilitó la aparición de la crisis tónica (55 por ciento, p<0.05) y la muerte (58 por ciento, p<0.05). La administración aguda de GBP elevó la latencia a la crisis clónica (52 por ciento, p<0.05), mientras que su administración subcrónica no modificó el efecto producido por PTZ. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que el pretratamiento agudo y subcrónico de farmacos que incrementan la transmisión GABAérgica modifican diferencialmente la susceptibilidad a las crisis por PTZ y que su administración repetida puede facilitar la producción de crisis convulsivas.


Objetives: The increased GABA content or administration of a centrally active GABA-mimetic agent have been used as a efficacious anticonvulsant therapeutic approach. However, it has been suggested that the use of drugs that continually and noncontingently alter synaptic transmission could alter at the nervous system. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of acute (one administration) and subchronic (7 daily administrations) treatments with Diazepam (DZP; 10 mg/kg, ip), Gabapentin (GBP, 100 mg/kg. vo) and Vigabatrin (VGB, 500 mg/kg, vo) on pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized seizures (PTZ, 80 mg/kg, ip). Materials and methods: Male Taconic mice (20-25 g) received acute or subchronic treatment with DZP, VGB or GBP and 24 h after the last administration, the effects of PTZ (latency to the clonus, forelimb extension and death incidence) were evaluated. Results: Acute DZP protected all animals (100 percent) to the convulsant effects of PTZ, whereas subchronic DZP decreased the latency to the clonic (21 percent; p<0.05), tonic (27 percent, p<0.05) and death (37 percent, p<0.05). The acute treatment with VGB protect all animals (100 percent) to the effects of PTZ, whereas its subcronic administration enhanced the latency to clonus (32 percent, p<0.05), but facilitated the appearance of tonic seizures (55 percent, p<0.05) and death (58 percent, p<0.05). The acute administration of GPB increased the latency to clonus (52 percent, p<0.05), whereas its subchronic treatment did not modify the PTZ-induced effects. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the acute pretreatment with drugs enhancing GABAergic transmission differently modifies the seizure susceptibility, and that the subchronic administration may facilitate the seizure activity.


Subject(s)
Mice , Diazepam , Epilepsy , Mice , Nervous System
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